我安装了 Ubuntu 14.04.01 LTS 作为双启动安装（另一个操作系统是带有 SP 3 的 Win XP），但是当我登录时，桌面上没有任何内容，只有背景。
我的电脑：Intel D865PERL、奔腾 4 CPU（3 Ghz）、3 Gb RAM 和 NVIDIA Quadro FX 500/600 显卡。我的硬盘有两个分区：一个用于 XP，一个用于 Ubuntu 及其分区。
起初只是黑屏，但我通过 tty 安装 Nvidia 驱动程序（版本 173.14.36）解决了这个问题。令我失望的是，这并没有多大帮助，因为现在登录后只能看到光标和背景。没有启动器，没有顶部菜单栏，什么都没有。当我单击鼠标右键时，我得到了菜单，我可以创建一个可见的新文件夹。我可以通过按 Ctrl-Alt-F1 访问 tty
我已经重新安装了 Ubuntu 一次，但没有帮助。我也更新了它。
我该怎么办？我应该安装旧版本的 Ubuntu 吗？我不知道问题的原因是什么。由于这似乎不是一个常见问题，可能是由我的显卡或其他硬件部分引起的？
这是我第一次使用 Ubuntu 或任何 Linux 操作系统。
我一直在不同的论坛寻求帮助。我试过这个，但没有帮助：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity
和这个：
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo service lightdm stop
sudo service lightdm start
和这个：
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
export DISPLAY=:0
ccsm
之后我按下 Ctrl-Alt-F7 并启用“Ubuntu Unity 插件”，但这没有帮助
我已经尝试过这个：
sudo apt-get install –-reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity
和这个：
export DISPLAY=:0.0
sudo dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
setsid unity
在“setsid unity”之后，有大量文本，主要是关于 compiz 核心加载和启动插件。加载和启动 unirtyshell 插件后，最后几行是：
WARN [date&time] unity.screen UScreen.cpp:114 UScreen::GetMonitorName: Failed to get monitor name for monitor0
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'org.gnome.Shell' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
ERROR [date&time] unity.debug.interface DebugDBusInterface.cpp:216 Unable to loadf entry point in libxpathselect: libxpathselect.so.1.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
ERROR [date&time] unityo (appinfo2) <unknown>:0 g_file_monitor_set_rate_limit: assertion 'G_IS_FILE_MONITOR (monitor) ' failed
ERROR [date&time] unity.launcher.icon.trash TrashLauncherIcon.cpp:66 Could not create file monitor for trash uri: Operation not supported
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'com.can onical.Unity.Launcher' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'com.canonical.Unity.Dash' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'org.gnome.SessionManager.EndSessionDialog' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'com.canonical.Unity.Session yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'org.gnome.ScreenSaver' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
compiz (opengl) - error: FBO is incomplete: GL:FRAMEBUFFER UNSUPPORTED (0x8cdd)"
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
但有时我使用与上述相同的命令会收到这些略有不同的警告/错误：
(process:2259): dconf-WARNING **: failed to commit changes to dconf: Error spawning command line 'dbus launch --autolaunch=2c1ca3459751dc3dd92e131553fb7ce5[part missing]ary_syntax --close-stderr': Child process killed by signal 43 [this was repeatyed
WARN [date&time] unity.screen UScreen.cpp:114 UScreen::GetMonitorName: Failed to get monitor name for monitor0
(compiz:2259): dconf-WARNING **: failed to commit changes to dconf: Error spawning command line 'dbus launch --autolaunch=2c1ca3459751dc3dd92e131553fb7ce5[part missing]ary_syntax --close-stderr': Child process killed by signal 43
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'org.gnome.Shell' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
(compiz:2259): dconf-WARNING **: failed to commit changes to dconf: Error spawning command line 'dbus launch --autolaunch=2c1ca3459751dc3dd92e131553fb7ce5[part missing]ary_syntax --close-stderr': Child process killed by signal 43
(compiz:2259): dconf-WARNING **: failed to commit changes to dconf: Error spawning command line 'dbus launch --autolaunch=2c1ca3459751dc3dd92e131553fb7ce5[part missing]ary_syntax --close-stderr': Child process killed by signal 43
ERROR [date&time] unity.debug.interface DebugDBusInterface.cpp:216 Unable to loadf entry point in libxpathselect: libxpathselect.so.1.4: cannot ope[part missing]ed object file: No such link or directory
ERROR [date&time] unityo (appinfo2) <unknown>:0 g_file_monitor_set_rate_limit: assertion 'G_IS_FILE_MONITOR (monitor) ' failed
ERROR [date&time] unity.launcher.icon.trash TrashLauncherIcon.cpp:66 Could not create file monitor for trash uri: Operation not supported
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'com.can onical.Unity.Launcher' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'com.canonical.Unity.Dash' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'org.gnome.SessionManager.EndSessionDialog' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'com.canonical.Unity.Session yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
WARN [date&time] unity.glib.dbus.server GlibDBusServer.cpp:579 Can't register object 'org.gnome.ScreenSaver' yet as we don't have connection, waiting for it...
compiz (opengl) - error: FBO is incomplete: GL:FRAMEBUFFER UNSUPPORTED (0x8cdd)"
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
之后我尝试了这个：
export DISPLAY=:0.0
unity --replace [or] unity --reset-icons
但我收到与以下相同的错误/警告消息setsid unity
和这个：
unity --reset
我明白了ERROR: the reset option is now deprecated
和
rm -rf ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/*
什么也没做
这真是太烦人了。
更新 1：
我尝试了 Andrea 的建议，nomodeset在 GRUB 的命令行中添加了参数。（我遵循了 fossfreedom 给出的说明这里）
不幸的是，它没有起作用，我得到的视图与之前完全相同。但我意识到这意味着卡和/或驱动程序不工作。我还注意到我创建的文件夹的分辨率相当低，所以我猜这也意味着显卡不知何故不工作。所以我猜问题出在卡和/或驱动程序上？
更新2：
我安装了 12.04.05 版本。现在我可以在屏幕左侧看到顶部栏和启动器，但 Unity 已冻结。我安装了 nvidia 173 驱动程序，但情况变得更糟。更多详细信息这里。
答案1
尝试另一个版本的 ubuntu，也许是 13，因为你使用的版本需要 64 位架构，而我认为 p4 不是 64 位。所以尝试安装另一个版本，它可能会对你有帮助。