Ubuntu 会破坏我的内置硬盘吗?

Ubuntu 会破坏我的内置硬盘吗?

我有一台预装了 Windows 8.1 的 Inspiron 3521。我决定双启动 Windows 和 Ubuntu,效果很好。但是,在使用 Ubuntu 时,我听到笔记本电脑发出很大噪音,而使用 Windows 时几乎没有声音。此外,在使用 Ubuntu 大约 2-3 周后,我无法使用 Windows,因为它变得非常慢。现在我要更换硬盘,因为它出现故障。那么,安装 Ubuntu 并使用它是否会损坏我的硬盘?因为在安装之前,Windows 运行良好,但安装之后,它几乎无法使用。那么,我应该在新磁盘上安装 Ubuntu 还是应该放弃它。请帮忙,因为我更喜欢 Ubuntu 而不是 Windows,但我不能冒险一次又一次地购买新硬盘。此外,完全删除 Windows 不是一个选择。

请告诉我是否应该同时安装 Ubuntu?

输出smartctl -a /dev/sda::

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     ST500LT012-1DG142
Serial Number:    W3P8Y9MR
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 07c643db0
Firmware Version: 0001SDM1
User Capacity:    500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Feb 17 15:58:15 2015 IST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity
                    was completed without error.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (  97) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x1035) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   117   080   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       158207928
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   099   099   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       414
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       16
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   064   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       38678857862
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       772 (87 233 0)
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       384
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       1465
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   059   052   045    Old_age   Always       -       41 (Min/Max 29/43)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       195
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       14
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       8566
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   041   048   000    Old_age   Always       -       41 (0 17 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       8
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       8
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       276333900858102
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2960885917
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       5374462826
254 Free_Fall_Sensor        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 2175 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
    CR = Command Register [HEX]
    FR = Features Register [HEX]
    SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
    SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
    CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
    CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
    DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
    DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
    ER = Error register [HEX]
    ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 2175 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 758 hours (31 days + 14 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 20 19 56 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00561920 = 5642528

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:34.369  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 68 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:34.369  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 10 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:34.369  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 20 19 56 40 00      00:15:34.368  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 40 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:34.368  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 2174 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 758 hours (31 days + 14 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 20 19 56 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00561920 = 5642528

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 20 19 56 40 00      00:15:31.814  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:31.814  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:31.813  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00      00:15:31.813  FLUSH CACHE EXT
  27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00      00:15:31.787  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]

Error 2173 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 758 hours (31 days + 14 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 20 19 56 00  Error: WP at LBA = 0x00561920 = 5642528

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  61 00 10 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:29.177  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:29.177  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:29.177  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 20 19 56 40 00      00:15:29.176  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:29.176  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 2172 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 758 hours (31 days + 14 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 20 19 56 00  Error: WP at LBA = 0x00561920 = 5642528

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:26.514  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 18 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:26.513  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 20 19 56 40 00      00:15:26.513  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 40 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:26.513  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:26.513  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED

Error 2171 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 758 hours (31 days + 14 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 20 19 56 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00561920 = 5642528

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 40 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:18.647  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:18.641  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:18.629  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:18.619  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00      00:15:18.607  READ FPDMA QUEUED

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       760         5642528
# 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       759         5642528
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       759         5642528
# 4  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       758         5642528
# 5  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       756         5642528
# 6  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       752         5642528
# 7  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%       752         5642528
# 8  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       752         5642528

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0): 
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

注意:以上测试来自旧硬盘,我认为它在运行 Ubuntu 时被偶然损坏了。

输出sudo parted --list

Model: ATA ST500LT012-1DG14 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End    Size    File system     Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  316MB  315MB   ntfs            Basic data partition          hidden, diag
 2      316MB   419MB  104MB   fat32           EFI system partition          boot
 3      419MB   554MB  134MB                   Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 4      554MB   237GB  236GB   ntfs            Basic data partition          msftdata
10      237GB   289GB  52.4GB  ext4
 7      289GB   293GB  4096MB  linux-swap(v1)
 8      293GB   314GB  20.5GB  ext4
 9      314GB   342GB  27.9GB  ext4
 5      342GB   395GB  53.7GB  ntfs            Basic data partition          msftdata
 6      395GB   500GB  105GB   ntfs            Basic data partition          msftdata

答案1

总结

不,Ubuntu 不会破坏你的硬盘!:-)


长答案:

HDD 会像癌症一样缓慢而痛苦地死亡,而 SSD 则会像心脏病发作一样突然停止工作 :您可以使用以下方法诊断两者SMART 技术

为什么您在 Ubuntu 下听到噪音而在 Windows 下听不到,是因为 Windows 先安装,所以它位于硬盘驱动器内侧较密集的区域,而 Ubuntu 安装在外侧区域,由于寻道,那里的噪音更明显。

而且我只需根据您对症状的描述就能推断出所有这些,而无需查看您的硬盘分区表,也不知道您是如何安装系统的……

答案2

它发出什么样的声音?如果你听到咔哒声,那么你的操作系统可能会损坏你的硬盘。该问题由来已久,涉及高级电源管理功能过于激进地停放/取消停放磁盘。尝试使用 hdparm 检查 APM 值(-B 参数)。如果它小于 254,请将其设置为 254 并检查它是否有助于降低噪音。如果可以,请确保该值始终保持为 254。在 Linux 下确保这一点的一个好方法是使用 tlp。据记录,我也看到这个问题出现在 Windows 以及某些笔记本电脑型号中,但在 Linux 中更常见。

答案3

您至少有一个坏块 (LBA 5642528) 导致重复出现错误。您可以尝试:

  1. 备份整个硬盘
  2. 使用 LONG 方法重新格式化/重新分区您的磁盘,尝试使其映射出坏块。这可能需要几个小时才能完成。
  3. 恢复硬盘

或者

  1. 更换硬盘

更新#1:

测试你的硬盘是否有坏块...

Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!

Note: do NOT bad block a SSD

Note: backup your important files FIRST!

sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX# 只读测试

或者

sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX# 非破坏性读写测试(受到推崇的)

-k 很重要,因为它会保存之前的坏块表,并将任何新的坏块添加到该表中。如果没有 -k,您将丢失所有之前的坏块信息。

-fccky 参数...

   -f     Force checking even if the file system seems clean.

   -c     This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program  to  do  a
          read-only  scan  of  the device in order to find any bad blocks.
          If any bad blocks are found, they are added  to  the  bad  block
          inode  to  prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
          tory.  If this option is specified twice,  then  the  bad  block
          scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.

   -k     When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
          bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks  found  by
          running  badblocks(8)  will  be added to the existing bad blocks
          list.

   -y     Assume  an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
          used non-interactively.  This option may not be specified at the
          same time as the -n or -p options.

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