在 nautilius 中打开目录时的屏幕截图链接：
我甚至尝试使用终端访问这些目录，但无济于事。
ls -l 的输出
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14704 Apr 10 2014 syndaemon
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51256 Jan 13 2014 syslinux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1421 Jan 13 2014 syslinux2ansi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29768 Apr 16 2012 syslinux-legacy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95 Jan 30 00:46 system-config-printer
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 80 Jan 30 00:46 system-config-printer-applet
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35368 Oct 10 2013 t1ascii
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40552 Oct 10 2013 t1asm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35336 Oct 10 2013 t1binary
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43552 Oct 10 2013 t1disasm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47784 Oct 10 2013 t1mac
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43760 Oct 10 2013 t1unmac
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14680 Mar 23 2014 tabs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31392 Jan 14 09:20 tac
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 64320 Jan 14 09:20 tail
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43472 Jan 23 2014 tangle
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 237 Jan 8 2014 tap2deb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 325 Jan 8 2014 tap2rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 219 Jan 8 2014 tapconvert
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18808 Feb 13 00:23 taskset
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 109064 Jan 22 2014 tbl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jun 3 2014 tclsh -> tclsh8.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6168 Jan 3 2014 tclsh8.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Dec 6 2014 tdbbackup -> /etc/alternatives/tdbbackup
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10440 Oct 21 2013 tdbbackup.tdbtools
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10352 Oct 21 2013 tdbdump
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10352 Oct 21 2013 tdbrestore
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19168 Oct 21 2013 tdbtool
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1183992 Jan 23 2014 teckit_compile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31328 Jan 14 09:20 tee
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36024 Apr 11 2014 telepathy-indicator
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Jun 3 2014 telnet -> /etc/alternatives/telnet
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95424 Oct 3 2012 telnet.netkit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35456 Jan 14 09:20 test
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23240 Feb 23 21:27 testparm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Feb 15 2014 testrb -> testrb1.9.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 299 Nov 20 2014 testrb1.9.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 315616 Jan 23 2014 tex
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 56 Feb 17 2014 texconfig -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texlive/texconfig.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 Feb 17 2014 texconfig-dialog -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texlive/texconfig-dialog.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 60 Feb 17 2014 texconfig-sys -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texlive/texconfig-sys.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 56 Feb 20 2014 texcount -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texcount/texcount.pl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 52 Feb 20 2014 texdef -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texdef/texdef.pl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 51 Feb 20 2014 texdiff -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texdiff/texdiff
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 Feb 20 2014 texdirflatten -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texdirflatten/texdirflatten
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 53 Feb 17 2014 texdoc -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texdoc/texdoc.tlu
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 56 Feb 17 2014 texdoctk -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texdoctk/texdoctk.pl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jan 23 2014 texhash -> mktexlsr
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 55 Feb 17 2014 texlinks -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texlive/texlinks.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 64 Feb 20 2014 texliveonfly -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texliveonfly/texliveonfly.py
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 65 Feb 20 2014 texloganalyser -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texloganalyser/texloganalyser
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Dec 14 2013 texlua -> luatex
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Dec 14 2013 texluac -> luatex
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35184 Jan 23 2014 tftopl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14440 Feb 7 2013 tgatoppm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2295 Oct 10 2013 tgz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18648 Feb 7 2013 thinkjettopbm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 103 Jan 16 2014 thor
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18936 Apr 2 00:38 thumbnail
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 56 Feb 17 2014 thumbpdf -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/thumbpdf/thumbpdf.pl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Mar 31 04:18 thunderbird -> ../lib/thunderbird/thunderbird.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 64288 Mar 23 2014 tic
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27216 Dec 15 2013 tidy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14504 Jan 23 2014 tie
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14792 Apr 2 00:38 tiff2bw
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68464 Apr 2 00:38 tiff2pdf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 52720 Apr 2 00:38 tiff2ps
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14416 Apr 2 00:38 tiff2rgba
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18496 Apr 2 00:38 tiffcmp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35592 Apr 2 00:38 tiffcp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 102704 Apr 2 00:38 tiffcrop
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14528 Apr 2 00:38 tiffdither
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22720 Apr 2 00:38 tiffdump
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18576 Apr 2 00:38 tiffinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18560 Apr 2 00:38 tiffmedian
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14408 Apr 2 00:38 tiffset
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14336 Apr 2 00:38 tiffsplit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18600 Feb 7 2013 tifftopnm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2972 Mar 4 2014 tilt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14880 Jun 29 2012 time
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59480 Feb 20 03:01 timedatectl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 52496 Jan 14 09:20 timeout
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 52 Feb 17 2014 tlmgr -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texlive/tlmgr.pl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14720 Feb 11 01:38 tload
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4400 May 31 2013 tl-paper
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 7 2013 todos -> fromdos
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14704 Mar 23 2014 toe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 100776 Feb 11 01:38 top
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95160 May 23 2012 toshset
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18392 Apr 1 2014 totem
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18488 Apr 1 2014 totem-audio-preview
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 38992 Apr 1 2014 totem-video-thumbnailer
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 14 09:20 touch -> /bin/touch
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12627 Jan 23 2014 tpic2pdftex
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14744 Mar 23 2014 tput
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43648 Jan 14 09:20 tr
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14680 May 8 2014 tracepath
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14688 May 8 2014 tracepath6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Jun 3 2014 traceroute6 -> /etc/alternatives/traceroute6
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 23104 May 8 2014 traceroute6.iputils
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 808680 Jul 12 2014 transmission-gtk
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15736 Jan 6 2014 transset
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 352 Jan 8 2014 trial
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 495544 Jan 22 2014 troff
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51912 Jan 14 09:20 truncate
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 159104 Mar 20 2014 trust
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18976 Mar 23 2014 tset
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35424 Jan 14 09:20 tsort
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35592 Mar 13 2014 tst_inactivity_timer
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 33256 Jan 23 2014 ttf2afm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68704 Jan 23 2014 ttf2pk
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 91576 Jan 23 2014 ttf2tfm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 101784 Jan 23 2014 ttfdump
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10544 Mar 16 19:28 ttfread
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27200 Jan 14 09:20 tty
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 269 Jan 8 2014 twistd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 70 Feb 20 2014 typeoutfileinfo -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/typeoutfileinfo/typeoutfileinfo.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13240 Feb 25 22:23 tzselect
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 16 19:46 ubuntu-bug -> apport-bug
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5278 Sep 4 2014 ubuntu-drivers
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7166 Apr 29 2014 ubuntu-support-status
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18960 Apr 9 2014 ubuntu-webapps-update-index
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 38832 Jul 1 2013 ucf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19367 Jul 1 2013 ucfq
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10458 Jul 1 2013 ucfr
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17776 Jan 6 2014 ucs2any
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48368 Mar 10 2014 udisksctl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 3 2014 uic -> qtchooser
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 3 2014 uic3 -> qtchooser
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14584 Jun 4 2013 ul
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 175640 May 10 2014 umax_pp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45653 Mar 13 00:48 unattended-upgrade
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Mar 13 00:48 unattended-upgrades -> unattended-upgrade
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31368 Jan 14 09:20 unexpand
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 530 Feb 18 2013 unicode_stop
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39584 Jan 14 09:20 uniq
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8491 Mar 16 23:14 unity
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 65960 Sep 22 2014 unity-control-center
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10504 Feb 10 2014 unity-scope-loader
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 Mar 19 23:39 unity-settings-daemon -> ../lib/unity-settings-daemon/unity-settings-daemon
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40016 Apr 9 2014 unity-webapps-desktop-file
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27488 Apr 8 2014 unity-webapps-qml-launcher
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19400 Apr 9 2014 unity-webapps-runner
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27200 Jan 14 09:20 unlink
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Jun 3 2014 unlzma -> /etc/alternatives/unlzma
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 52 Dec 5 2014 unopkg
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jun 12 2014 unrar -> /etc/alternatives/unrar
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 262192 Oct 23 2013 unrar-nonfree
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10432 Feb 13 00:23 unshare
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5940 Nov 5 2013 unwrapdiff
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2 Jun 3 2014 unxz -> xz
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 158392 Feb 18 01:03 unzip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 76392 Feb 18 01:03 unzipsfx
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 111208 Jan 23 2014 upbibtex
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43544 Apr 9 21:21 update-alternatives
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Jun 3 2014 updatedb -> /etc/alternatives/updatedb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43776 Jun 20 2013 updatedb.mlocate
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19088 Nov 5 2013 update-desktop-database
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5602 Mar 27 2014 update-gconf-defaults
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4569 Apr 29 2014 update-manager
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 672 Apr 11 2014 update-mime-database
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48192 Apr 11 2014 update-mime-database.real
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 57704 Oct 7 2014 update-notifier
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 53 Feb 17 2014 updmap -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texlive/updmap.pl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 57 Feb 17 2014 updmap-sys -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/texlive/updmap-sys.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53768 Jan 23 2014 updvitype
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14752 Dec 22 2013 upower
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 61928 Jan 23 2014 uppltotf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 367112 Jan 23 2014 uptex
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 49608 Jan 23 2014 uptftopl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10512 Feb 11 01:38 uptime
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3923 Apr 23 16:53 usb-creator-gtk
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4216 Apr 9 2014 usb-devices
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23064 Apr 9 2014 usbhid-dump
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6344 Feb 19 2014 usb_printerid
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31360 Jan 14 09:20 users
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10432 Feb 13 00:23 uuidgen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3674 Oct 29 2013 uxterm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2496 Oct 10 2013 uz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 528 Dec 16 2013 valgrind
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18704 Apr 11 2014 valgrind.bin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26944 Apr 11 2014 valgrind-di-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10480 Apr 11 2014 valgrind-listener
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 vboxballoonctrl -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 VBoxBalloonCtrl -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 vboxheadless -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 VBoxHeadless -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 vboxmanage -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 VBoxManage -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 vboxsdl -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 VBoxSDL -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 vboxwebsrv -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51640 Jan 23 2014 vftovp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43576 Apr 11 2014 vgdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Jun 3 2014 vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jun 3 2014 view -> /etc/alternatives/view
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23856 Aug 16 2013 viewres
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Jun 3 2014 vim -> /etc/alternatives/vim
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Jun 3 2014 vimdiff -> /etc/alternatives/vimdiff
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2580984 Jan 3 2014 vim.gnome
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 884360 Jan 3 2014 vim.tiny
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2084 Jan 3 2014 vimtutor
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10528 Nov 18 2013 vino-passwd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31840 Nov 18 2013 vino-preferences
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 510168 Sep 24 2013 virt_mail
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 virtualbox -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 5 05:37 VirtualBox -> ../share/virtualbox/VBox.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12103400 Sep 24 2013 virtuoso-t
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14728 Mar 26 08:15 vlc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10560 Mar 26 08:15 vlc-wrapper
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14656 Jan 23 2014 vlna
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31120 Feb 11 01:38 vmstat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10576 Apr 10 2014 vmwarectrl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10240 Feb 25 2014 volname
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 52 Feb 20 2014 vpl2ovp -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/accfonts/vpl2ovp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 52 Feb 20 2014 vpl2vpl -> ../share/texlive/texmf-dist/scripts/accfonts/vpl2vpl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59776 Jan 23 2014 vptovf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18896 Apr 1 2014 vstp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Jun 3 2014 w -> /etc/alternatives/w
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root tty 19024 Feb 13 00:23 wall
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23632 Feb 11 01:38 watch
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53272 Feb 23 21:27 wbinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10288 Feb 7 2013 wbmptopbm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 39648 Jan 14 09:20 wc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 67968 Jan 23 2014 weave
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 614 Mar 23 2014 web2disk
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 75944 Apr 28 2014 webapp-container
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 231592 Apr 28 2014 webbrowser-app
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 286 Jul 1 2014 wftopfa
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 407696 Oct 30 2014 wget
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48112 Sep 23 2014 whatis
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15128 Feb 13 00:23 whereis
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 3 2014 which -> /bin/which
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51968 Jan 14 09:20 who
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27200 Jan 14 09:20 whoami
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 52888 Jun 11 2014 whoopsie
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18976 Apr 10 2014 whoopsie-preferences
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 397808 Apr 5 2014 widl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9748 Apr 5 2014 wine
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1059064 Apr 5 2014 wine64
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2110248 Apr 5 2014 wine64-preloader
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Apr 5 2014 wine-auto -> wine
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1582 Apr 5 2014 wineboot
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 113248 Apr 5 2014 winebuild
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1582 Apr 5 2014 winecfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1582 Apr 5 2014 wineconsole
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 5 2014 winecpp -> winegcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1582 Apr 5 2014 winedbg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 158624 Apr 5 2014 winedump
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1582 Apr 5 2014 winefile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 437656 Sep 18 2012 winefish
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 5 2014 wineg++ -> winegcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35280 Apr 5 2014 winegcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95002 Apr 5 2014 winemaker
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1582 Apr 5 2014 winemine
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1582 Apr 5 2014 winepath
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12860 Apr 5 2014 wine-preloader
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 425560 Apr 5 2014 wineserver
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 640757 Mar 3 2014 winetricks
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18656 Feb 7 2013 winicontoppm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 3 2014 wish -> wish8.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6192 Mar 13 2014 wish8.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59944 Apr 5 2014 wmc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 397848 Oct 1 2012 wodim
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10376 Dec 15 2013 word-list-compress
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 133504 Jan 23 2014 wovp2ovf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48056 Apr 20 23:45 wpa_passphrase
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18872 Feb 11 01:38 w.procps
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 221808 Apr 5 2014 wrc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43896 Feb 19 2014 wrestool
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jun 3 2014 write -> /etc/alternatives/write
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Jun 3 2014 wx-config -> /etc/alternatives/wx-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 101824 Dec 2 2013 wxrc
-rwsr-sr-x 1 root root 10192 Dec 10 2014 X
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1 Jun 3 2014 X11 -> .
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 138104 Jan 6 2014 x11perf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2807 Jan 6 2014 x11perfcomp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 13 00:23 x86_64 -> setarch
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-addr2line -> addr2line
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-ar -> ar
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-as -> as
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-c++filt -> c++filt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp -> cpp-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp-4.8 -> cpp-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-dwp -> dwp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-elfedit -> elfedit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 8 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ -> g++-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 5 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-g++-4.8 -> g++-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -> gcc-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.8 -> gcc-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar -> gcc-ar-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-4.8 -> gcc-ar-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm -> gcc-nm-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-4.8 -> gcc-nm-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib -> gcc-ranlib-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-4.8 -> gcc-ranlib-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov -> gcov-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jun 3 2014 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-4.8 -> gcov-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-gprof -> gprof
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-ld -> ld
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd -> ld.bfd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.gold -> ld.gold
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-nm -> nm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-objcopy -> objcopy
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-objdump -> objdump
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-ranlib -> ranlib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-readelf -> readelf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-size -> size
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-strings -> strings
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Feb 9 17:06 x86_64-linux-gnu-strip -> strip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43624 Jan 6 2014 xargs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40304 Dec 4 2012 xauth
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17296 Jan 6 2014 xbiff
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10336 Feb 7 2013 xbmtopbm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32848 Jan 6 2014 xcalc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55376 Mar 12 2014 xcf2png
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55376 Mar 12 2014 xcf2pnm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22608 Mar 12 2014 xcfinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1696 Mar 12 2014 xcfview
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23056 Feb 19 2014 xclip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17120 Jan 6 2014 xclipboard
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 572 Feb 19 2014 xclip-copyfile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 386 Feb 19 2014 xclip-cutfile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 133 Feb 19 2014 xclip-pastefile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43312 Jan 6 2014 xclock
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31728 Feb 18 2014 xcmsdb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16512 Jan 6 2014 xconsole
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12648 Jan 6 2014 xcursorgen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11408 Jan 6 2014 xcutsel
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15559 Jul 18 2014 xdg-desktop-icon
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 38175 Jul 18 2014 xdg-desktop-menu
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 21469 Jul 18 2014 xdg-email
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 24667 Jul 18 2014 xdg-icon-resource
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 34208 Jul 18 2014 xdg-mime
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13794 Jul 18 2014 xdg-open
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25432 Jul 18 2014 xdg-screensaver
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25565 Jul 18 2014 xdg-settings
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 234 Apr 11 2014 xdg-user-dir
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19200 Jul 3 2013 xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18864 Apr 11 2014 xdg-user-dirs-update
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4597 Mar 23 2014 xdiagnose
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 88368 Jan 6 2014 xditview
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32208 Aug 16 2013 xdpyinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10376 Aug 16 2013 xdriinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3031 Jan 23 2014 xdvi
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Jun 3 2014 xdvi.bin -> /etc/alternatives/xdvi.bin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 631000 Jan 23 2014 xdvipdfmx
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 623632 Jan 23 2014 xdvi-xaw
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7312 Mar 23 2014 xedid
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 621544 Jan 6 2014 xedit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 665736 Jan 23 2014 xetex
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27304 Aug 16 2013 xev
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 20944 Jan 6 2014 xeyes
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28936 Aug 16 2013 xfd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 37184 Aug 16 2013 xfontsel
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6936 Jan 6 2014 xfsinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10432 Feb 18 2014 xgamma
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 61192 Jan 6 2014 xgc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 263304 Apr 28 2014 xgettext
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14728 Feb 18 2014 xhost
答案1
我认为没有问题！让我解释一下。
如果运行以下命令：
$ ls -l /usr/bin/X11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1 Apr 8 2014 /usr/bin/X11 -> .
正如您在上面看到的，此目录实际上只是当前目录的符号链接/usr/bin。因此，无论何时导航到此目录，您都会停留在同一位置，因此您会认为它没有打开。
但是为什么 Ubuntu 要使用这样的东西呢？
有些应用程序需要目录 /usr/bin/X11 内的其他应用程序，因此对于该 ubuntu，只需将它们保存在 /usr/bin 内，并将 /usr/bin/X11 的符号链接到 /usr/bin
回答您的评论
Java 安装实际上并不在里面/usr/bin，而是在下面/usr/lib/jvm/...
现在if you runwhereis java it gives/usr/bin/java`，这并不意味着 java 安装在 /usr/bin 中，这表明只有二进制文件在 /usr/bin 中。
man whereis
NAME
whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a com‐
mand
实际上，/usr/bin 中的二进制文件只是 /usr/lib/jvm 中原始二进制文件的符号链接。
$ ls -l /usr/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Apr 10 2014 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java
这表明 /usr/bin/java 是 /etc/alternatives/java 的符号链接，现在让我们检查一下 /etc/alternatives/java 是什么。
$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/java
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 46 Apr 10 2014 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
在这里，正如我们之前所说，该文件实际上也是 /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java 的符号链接。