我在电脑上使用 Lubuntu 16.04，然后突然挂了。按下电源按钮关闭后，突然无法启动 Lubuntu，并且重新启动并选择正确的设备在启动过程中。
我所知道的是，在事情发生之前我执行了：
sudo apt-get upgrade
它要求我升级grub2所以我更新了它。几分钟后，电脑开始变慢，然后挂了。
我已经尝试过了启动修复但它没有建议修复选项。它缺失了。
所以我只需按下创建 bootinfo摘要启动修复后结果如下：http://paste2.org/BEpLz7W4
我已经执行
sudo fdisk -l
这是结果，似乎它根本没有检测到我的分区。
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram3: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram4: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram5: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram6: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram7: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram8: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram9: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram10: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram11: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram12: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram13: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram14: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/ram15: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/loop0: 820.3 MiB, 860176384 bytes, 1680032 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 1.9 GiB, 1999568384 bytes, 3905407 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x710e579d
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 63 3904991 3904929 1.9G 6 FAT16
Disk /dev/zram0: 363.5 MiB, 381194240 bytes, 93065 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/zram1: 363.5 MiB, 381194240 bytes, 93065 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
尝试使用 Live CD 重新安装时，它无法检测到我的硬盘
执行后gnome 磁盘实用程序，这就是结果
笔记：
- 我的电脑上只安装了 Lubuntu 16.04，没有双重启动。
- 以上所有命令均在 Lubuntu Live CD 会话上运行。
答案1
这可能是电气故障（硬盘控制器板故障）或机械故障（硬盘电机故障）。
机械故障通常伴随着磁盘发出奇怪的声音。如果是电气故障，启动计算机时您甚至听不到磁盘旋转的声音。（当然，这仅适用于旋转磁盘驱动器，而不是 SSD。）好消息是，您的情况听起来可能实际上是电气故障。
如果是电气故障，您可能能够自行更换控制器板并恢复数据。您可以在线订购新的控制器板，或获取一个可以正常工作的相同驱动器并使用其控制器板来修复损坏的驱动器。这里有一个 Instructable，解释了一个人如何能够获得正确的零件并进行如下维修：http://www.instructables.com/id/Successful-Hard-Drive-Controller-Replacement/
如果发生机械故障，您将无法自行恢复数据。如果您确实需要恢复数据，您可以将其发送给专业的数据恢复服务，但费用可能高达 1000 美元，并且无法保证驱动器盘片在机械故障中没有受到损坏。（如果您现在无法将其发送出去，但将来可能可以，请将驱动器存放在防静电袋中，直到您能够发送为止。）