我运行的是 Ubuntu 16.04.5 x64 Server，带有 XFCE Desktop 和 nouveau。由于一些专有应用程序在 3D 渲染方面存在问题，我打算安装 NVIDIA 驱动程序。
硬件是 Fermi 系列的 Quadro：
lspci -nn | egrep -i "3d|display|vga"
06:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GF106GL [Quadro 2000] [10de:0dd8] (rev a1)
现在，当我尝试安装它时nvidia-384，来自 Ubuntu repo 的（此外，还有来自nvidia-390的ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa）具有大量的依赖项：
sudo apt-get install -s nvidia-384
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
apg aptdaemon avahi-utils bbswitch-dkms bluez bluez-obexd cheese-common
cracklib-runtime cups-pk-helper dconf-cli diffstat dkms
evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common
evolution-data-server-online-accounts gcr geoclue geoclue-ubuntu-geoip
gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 gir1.2-ibus-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7
gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 gkbd-capplet gnome-bluetooth gnome-desktop3-data
gnome-keyring gnome-menus gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver
gnome-session-bin gnome-settings-daemon-schemas gnome-user-guide
gnome-user-share gsettings-ubuntu-schemas gstreamer1.0-clutter-3.0
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x gvfs-backends hardening-includes
hwdata ibus im-config indicator-applet indicator-application
indicator-bluetooth indicator-datetime indicator-keyboard indicator-messages
indicator-power indicator-session indicator-sound ippusbxd iputils-arping
libaa1 libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth
libaccount-plugin-google libaccounts-glib0 libaccounts-qt5-1
libappindicator3-1 libapt-pkg-perl libassuan0 libavc1394-0 libcamel-1.2-54
libcanberra-pulse libcdio-cdda1 libcdio-paranoia1 libcdio13 libcgi-fast-perl
libcgi-pm-perl libcheese-gtk25 libcheese8 libclass-accessor-perl
libclone-perl libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-3.0-0
libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl-common libcogl-pango20 libcogl-path20 libcogl20
libcrack2 libcuda1-384 libdata-alias-perl libdigest-hmac-perl
libdouble-conversion1v5 libdv4 libebackend-1.2-10 libebook-1.2-16
libebook-contacts-1.2-2 libecal-1.2-19 libedata-book-1.2-25
libedata-cal-1.2-28 libedataserver-1.2-21 libemail-valid-perl
libexporter-tiny-perl libfcgi-perl libfcitx-config4 libfcitx-gclient0
libfcitx-utils0 libfile-basedir-perl libgcr-ui-3-1 libgdata-common
libgdata22 libgee-0.8-2 libgeoclue0 libgeocode-glib0 libgeonames0
libgnome-bluetooth13 libgnome-desktop-3-12 libgnome-menu-3-0
libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8 libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-common
libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 libgtop-2.0-10 libgtop2-common
libgweather-3-6 libgweather-common libharfbuzz-icu0 libhyphen0 libibus-1.0-5
libido3-0.1-0 libiec61883-0 libindicator3-7 libio-pty-perl
libio-socket-inet6-perl libio-string-perl libipc-run-perl
libipc-system-simple-perl libjansson4 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18
liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblist-moreutils-perl libmbim-glib4 libmbim-proxy
libmm-glib0 libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libndp0 libnet-dns-perl
libnet-domain-tld-perl libnet-ip-perl libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common
libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libnm0 libnma-common libnma0 liboauth0
libp11-kit-gnome-keyring libpackagekit-glib2-16 libpam-gnome-keyring
libpanel-applet0 libparse-debianchangelog-perl libperlio-gzip-perl
libpwquality-common libpwquality1 libqmi-glib5 libqmi-proxy libqt5opengl5
libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5webkit5 libraw1394-11 libshout3
libsignon-extension1 libsignon-glib1 libsignon-plugins-common1
libsignon-qt5-1 libsmbclient libsocket6-perl libsub-name-perl libtag1v5
libtag1v5-vanilla libtext-levenshtein-perl libtimezonemap-data
libtimezonemap1 libunity-control-center1 libunity-settings-daemon1
liburl-dispatcher1 libv4l-0 libv4lconvert0 libvdpau1 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37-gtk2 libwebpdemux1 libxnvctrl0 libyaml-libyaml-perl
libyelp0 lightdm lintian mesa-vdpau-drivers mobile-broadband-provider-info
modemmanager mountall mousetweaks nautilus-data network-manager
network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp nvidia-opencl-icd-384
nvidia-prime nvidia-settings ocl-icd-libopencl1 p11-kit p11-kit-modules
patchutils pinentry-gnome3 pkg-config policykit-1-gnome ppp pptp-linux
python3-aptdaemon python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat python3-bs4 python3-cairo
python3-cups python3-cupshelpers python3-defer python3-html5lib python3-lxml
python3-xdg screen-resolution-extra session-migration
signon-keyring-extension signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-plugin-password
signon-ui signon-ui-service signon-ui-x11 signond
system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome
system-config-printer-udev t1utils ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-touch-sounds
unity-control-center unity-control-center-faces unity-control-center-signon
unity-greeter unity-settings-daemon upstart usb-modeswitch
usb-modeswitch-data vdpau-driver-all wpasupplicant xserver-xorg-legacy yelp
yelp-xsl
Suggested packages:
bumblebee evolution evolution-data-server-dbg apache2-bin
libapache2-mod-dnssd ibus-clutter ibus-doc ibus-qt4 click powerd
unity-system-compositor zenity unity-greeter-session-broadcast libgles2-mesa
| libgles2 libdv-bin oss-compat fcitx libhtml-template-perl
libxml-simple-perl libraw1394-doc url-dispatcher bindfs binutils-multiarch
libtext-template-perl nautilus avahi-autoipd
network-manager-openconnect-gnome network-manager-openvpn-gnome
network-manager-vpnc-gnome network-manager-pptp-gnome pinentry-doc
python3-genshi python3-lxml-dbg python-lxml-doc python3-smbc
libcanberra-gtk-module lightdm-remote-session-freerdp
lightdm-remote-session-uccsconfigure remote-login-service graphviz
upstart-monitor comgt wvdial libvdpau-va-gl1 nvidia-vdpau-driver
nvidia-legacy-340xx-vdpau-driver wpagui libengine-pkcs11-openssl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
apg aptdaemon avahi-utils bbswitch-dkms bluez bluez-obexd cheese-common
cracklib-runtime cups-pk-helper dconf-cli diffstat dkms
evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common
evolution-data-server-online-accounts gcr geoclue geoclue-ubuntu-geoip
gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 gir1.2-ibus-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7
gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 gkbd-capplet gnome-bluetooth gnome-desktop3-data
gnome-keyring gnome-menus gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver
gnome-session-bin gnome-settings-daemon-schemas gnome-user-guide
gnome-user-share gsettings-ubuntu-schemas gstreamer1.0-clutter-3.0
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x gvfs-backends hardening-includes
hwdata ibus im-config indicator-applet indicator-application
indicator-bluetooth indicator-datetime indicator-keyboard indicator-messages
indicator-power indicator-session indicator-sound ippusbxd iputils-arping
libaa1 libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth
libaccount-plugin-google libaccounts-glib0 libaccounts-qt5-1
libappindicator3-1 libapt-pkg-perl libassuan0 libavc1394-0 libcamel-1.2-54
libcanberra-pulse libcdio-cdda1 libcdio-paranoia1 libcdio13 libcgi-fast-perl
libcgi-pm-perl libcheese-gtk25 libcheese8 libclass-accessor-perl
libclone-perl libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-3.0-0
libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl-common libcogl-pango20 libcogl-path20 libcogl20
libcrack2 libcuda1-384 libdata-alias-perl libdigest-hmac-perl
libdouble-conversion1v5 libdv4 libebackend-1.2-10 libebook-1.2-16
libebook-contacts-1.2-2 libecal-1.2-19 libedata-book-1.2-25
libedata-cal-1.2-28 libedataserver-1.2-21 libemail-valid-perl
libexporter-tiny-perl libfcgi-perl libfcitx-config4 libfcitx-gclient0
libfcitx-utils0 libfile-basedir-perl libgcr-ui-3-1 libgdata-common
libgdata22 libgee-0.8-2 libgeoclue0 libgeocode-glib0 libgeonames0
libgnome-bluetooth13 libgnome-desktop-3-12 libgnome-menu-3-0
libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8 libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-common
libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 libgtop-2.0-10 libgtop2-common
libgweather-3-6 libgweather-common libharfbuzz-icu0 libhyphen0 libibus-1.0-5
libido3-0.1-0 libiec61883-0 libindicator3-7 libio-pty-perl
libio-socket-inet6-perl libio-string-perl libipc-run-perl
libipc-system-simple-perl libjansson4 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18
liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblist-moreutils-perl libmbim-glib4 libmbim-proxy
libmm-glib0 libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libndp0 libnet-dns-perl
libnet-domain-tld-perl libnet-ip-perl libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common
libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libnm0 libnma-common libnma0 liboauth0
libp11-kit-gnome-keyring libpackagekit-glib2-16 libpam-gnome-keyring
libpanel-applet0 libparse-debianchangelog-perl libperlio-gzip-perl
libpwquality-common libpwquality1 libqmi-glib5 libqmi-proxy libqt5opengl5
libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5webkit5 libraw1394-11 libshout3
libsignon-extension1 libsignon-glib1 libsignon-plugins-common1
libsignon-qt5-1 libsmbclient libsocket6-perl libsub-name-perl libtag1v5
libtag1v5-vanilla libtext-levenshtein-perl libtimezonemap-data
libtimezonemap1 libunity-control-center1 libunity-settings-daemon1
liburl-dispatcher1 libv4l-0 libv4lconvert0 libvdpau1 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37-gtk2 libwebpdemux1 libxnvctrl0 libyaml-libyaml-perl
libyelp0 lightdm lintian mesa-vdpau-drivers mobile-broadband-provider-info
modemmanager mountall mousetweaks nautilus-data network-manager
network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp nvidia-384 nvidia-opencl-icd-384
nvidia-prime nvidia-settings ocl-icd-libopencl1 p11-kit p11-kit-modules
patchutils pinentry-gnome3 pkg-config policykit-1-gnome ppp pptp-linux
python3-aptdaemon python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat python3-bs4 python3-cairo
python3-cups python3-cupshelpers python3-defer python3-html5lib python3-lxml
python3-xdg screen-resolution-extra session-migration
signon-keyring-extension signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-plugin-password
signon-ui signon-ui-service signon-ui-x11 signond
system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome
system-config-printer-udev t1utils ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-touch-sounds
unity-control-center unity-control-center-faces unity-control-center-signon
unity-greeter unity-settings-daemon upstart usb-modeswitch
usb-modeswitch-data vdpau-driver-all wpasupplicant xserver-xorg-legacy yelp
yelp-xsl
这显然是配置问题。如何安装依赖性最小且不包含整个 GNOME 桌面的驱动程序？
答案1
按照@mikewhatever 给出的提示，通过按照 user697101 对所提问题的回答，确实可以大大减少依赖性，即
apt-get install nvidia-390 lightdm-
添加ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa存储库后。这给了我一个可用的 NVIDIA 驱动程序安装，它只包含几个依赖项：
sudo apt-get install nvidia-390 lightdm-
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'lightdm' is not installed, so not removed
The following additional packages will be installed:
dkms libcuda1-390 libjansson4 libvdpau1 libxnvctrl0 mesa-vdpau-drivers
nvidia-opencl-icd-390 nvidia-settings ocl-icd-libopencl1 pkg-config
policykit-1-gnome screen-resolution-extra vdpau-driver-all
xserver-xorg-legacy
Suggested packages:
libvdpau-va-gl1 nvidia-vdpau-driver nvidia-legacy-340xx-vdpau-driver
Recommended packages:
nvidia-prime | bumblebee
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dkms libcuda1-390 libjansson4 libvdpau1 libxnvctrl0 mesa-vdpau-drivers
nvidia-390 nvidia-opencl-icd-390 nvidia-settings ocl-icd-libopencl1
pkg-config policykit-1-gnome screen-resolution-extra vdpau-driver-all
xserver-xorg-legacy
0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.