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Ubuntu 18.04 启动时间过长

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Ubuntu 18.04 启动时间过长

我已经在 HP Pavilion 15 笔记本电脑（i7-8750h、8GB RAM、Nvidia GTX 1050 4GB 显卡）上安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 和 Windows 10 双启动。我在 128GB SSD 和 1TB HDD 上安装了 Windows 10，我在 100GB 分区上安装了 Ubuntu。

Ubuntu 启动大约需要 3 分钟，这太长了。我使用dmesg终端检查了启动日志，但找不到具体的解决方案。日志的部分内容如下-

[   28.304674] ACPI Error: Field [D128] at bit offset/length 128/1024 exceeds size of target Buffer (160 bits) (20170831/dsopcode-235)
[   28.304680] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [HWMC]
[   28.304681] Initialized Arguments for Method [HWMC]:  (2 arguments defined for method invocation)
[   28.304682]   Arg0:   00000000d4827883 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000002
[   28.304685]   Arg1:   00000000d8e2e5c3 <Obj>           Buffer(20) 53 45 43 55 01 00 00 00
[   28.304691] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \HWMC, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304698] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \_SB.WMID.WMAA, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304737] ACPI Error: Field [D128] at bit offset/length 128/1024 exceeds size of target Buffer (160 bits) (20170831/dsopcode-235)
[   28.304741] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [HWMC]
[   28.304742] Initialized Arguments for Method [HWMC]:  (2 arguments defined for method invocation)
[   28.304743]   Arg0:   000000006a1236a5 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000002
[   28.304745]   Arg1:   0000000058614773 <Obj>           Buffer(20) 53 45 43 55 01 00 00 00
[   28.304750] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \HWMC, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304755] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \_SB.WMID.WMAA, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304792] ACPI Error: Field [D128] at bit offset/length 128/1024 exceeds size of target Buffer (160 bits) (20170831/dsopcode-235)
[   28.304796] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [HWMC]
[   28.304797] Initialized Arguments for Method [HWMC]:  (2 arguments defined for method invocation)
[   28.304797]   Arg0:   000000006a1236a5 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000002
[   28.304799]   Arg1:   0000000010b0d4d2 <Obj>           Buffer(20) 53 45 43 55 01 00 00 00
[   28.304805] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \HWMC, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304809] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \_SB.WMID.WMAA, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304840] input: HP WMI hotkeys as /devices/virtual/input/input11
[   28.304935] ACPI Error: Field [D128] at bit offset/length 128/1024 exceeds size of target Buffer (160 bits) (20170831/dsopcode-235)
[   28.304939] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [HWMC]
[   28.304940] Initialized Arguments for Method [HWMC]:  (2 arguments defined for method invocation)
[   28.304940]   Arg0:   000000006a1236a5 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000002
[   28.304942]   Arg1:   0000000058614773 <Obj>           Buffer(20) 53 45 43 55 01 00 00 00
[   28.304948] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \HWMC, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304953] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \_SB.WMID.WMAA, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.304989] ACPI Error: Field [D128] at bit offset/length 128/1024 exceeds size of target Buffer (160 bits) (20170831/dsopcode-235)
[   28.304992] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [HWMC]
[   28.304993] Initialized Arguments for Method [HWMC]:  (2 arguments defined for method invocation)
[   28.304994]   Arg0:   000000006a1236a5 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000003
[   28.304996]   Arg1:   0000000010b0d4d2 <Obj>           Buffer(20) 53 45 43 55 01 00 00 00
[   28.305001] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \HWMC, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)
[   28.305006] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed \_SB.WMID.WMAA, AE_AML_BUFFER_LIMIT (20170831/psparse-550)

[   57.223498] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[   57.223499] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[   57.223500] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[   72.479544] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eno1: link is not ready
[   73.118840] r8169 0000:02:00.0 eno1: link down
[   73.118970] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eno1: link is not ready
[   73.219866] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlo1: link is not ready
[   73.843272] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlo1: link is not ready
[   74.922172] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlo1: link is not ready
[  105.606945] wlo1: authenticate with e4:46:da:97:22:1d
[  105.607275] wlo1: send auth to e4:46:da:97:22:1d (try 1/3)
[  105.609899] wlo1: authenticated
[  105.616013] wlo1: associate with e4:46:da:97:22:1d (try 1/3)
[  105.628806] wlo1: RX AssocResp from e4:46:da:97:22:1d (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=7)
[  105.629150] wlo1: associated
[  105.862745] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlo1: link becomes ready
[  145.733942] ahci 0000:00:17.0: port does not support device sleep
[  175.120308] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[  175.120315] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[  175.120318] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[  187.978585] rfkill: input handler disabled

但除了这些之外，还有多个地方的事件需要 5-10 秒，而且有很多。我无法找到导致巨大延迟的特定原因。

请在这件事上给予我帮助。

编辑1： systemd-analyze blame | head -n 20结果是 -

1min 44.210s apt-daily.service
    1min 18.450s [email protected]
    1min 15.205s plymouth-quit-wait.service
         58.390s fstrim.service
         31.935s dev-sdb6.device
         28.224s snapd.service
         21.987s networkd-dispatcher.service
         20.731s phpsessionclean.service
         18.816s dev-loop23.device
         18.615s dev-loop22.device
         18.480s gpu-manager.service
         18.368s dev-loop24.device
         18.307s dev-loop25.device
         18.137s grub-common.service
         18.110s dev-loop20.device
         17.286s dev-loop15.device
         17.158s dev-loop21.device
         16.665s dev-loop19.device
         16.648s dev-loop17.device
         15.046s dev-loop11.device

systemd-analyze critical-chain结果是-

graphical.target @2min 17.958s
└─multi-user.target @2min 17.957s
  └─postgresql.service @2min 2.541s +143ms
    └─[email protected] @44.090s +1min 18.450s
      └─basic.target @44.051s
        └─sockets.target @44.051s
          └─snapd.socket @43.990s +60ms
            └─sysinit.target @43.876s
              └─systemd-timesyncd.service @40.817s +3.059s
                └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @38.798s +1.520s
                  └─local-fs.target @38.796s
                    └─run-user-1000-gvfs.mount @2min 48.252s
                      └─run-user-1000.mount @2min 30.698s
                        └─swap.target @35.602s
                          └─dev-disk-by\x2duuid-c8bb376c\x2dd620\x2d4b47\x2da8fb\x2d652c38543811.swap @33.503s +2.098s
                            └─dev-disk-by\x2duuid-c8bb376c\x2dd620\x2d4b47\x2da8fb\x2d652c38543811.device @33.502s

编辑2： 移除后postgresql开机时间仍约2min

systemd-analyze blame | head -20给出：

         41.367s plymouth-quit-wait.service
         20.468s snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1198.mount
         20.409s snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d26\x2d1604-82.mount
         19.986s snap-gnome\x2dsystem\x2dmonitor-81.mount
         19.908s snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d28\x2d1804-40.mount
         19.042s snap-core-6818.mount
         18.939s snap-heroku-3762.mount
         18.775s snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d26\x2d1604-70.mount
         18.184s dev-sdb6.device
         14.139s snap-gnome\x2dcalculator-406.mount
         14.128s snap-vlc-770.mount
         14.032s snap-heroku-3685.mount
         13.816s snap-gnome\x2dcharacters-258.mount
         13.740s snap-core18-941.mount
         13.631s snap-core-4917.mount
         13.577s snap-gnome\x2dsystem\x2dmonitor-57.mount
         13.523s snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d26\x2d1604-74.mount
         13.433s snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-319.mount
         13.411s snap-gnome\x2dcharacters-139.mount
         13.094s snap-gnome\x2dcalculator-180.mount

systemd-analyze critical-chain给予-

graphical.target @1min 23.456s
└─multi-user.target @1min 23.454s
  └─kerneloops.service @51.067s +8ms
    └─network-online.target @51.065s
      └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @42.081s +8.983s
        └─NetworkManager.service @38.105s +3.972s
          └─dbus.service @31.790s
            └─basic.target @31.759s
              └─sockets.target @31.759s
                └─snapd.socket @31.657s +101ms
                  └─sysinit.target @31.633s
                    └─systemd-timesyncd.service @30.948s +685ms
                      └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @30.094s +848ms
                        └─local-fs.target @30.093s
                          └─run-user-121.mount @50.162s
                            └─swap.target @22.765s
                              └─dev-disk-by\x2duuid-c8bb376c\x2dd620\x2d4b47\x2da8fb\x2d652c38543811.swap @22.563s +201ms
                                └─dev-disk-by\x2duuid-c8bb376c\x2dd620\x2d4b47\x2da8fb\x2d652c38543811.device @22.563s

另外，以防万一它可能会有所帮助 - 大多数时候屏幕是空白的，并且 ubuntu 徽标会短暂出现（我假设是 10-20 秒），然后出现登录屏幕。

编辑3- 同时systemd-analyze揭示——

Startup finished in 3.976s (firmware) + 49.943s (loader) + 6.720s (kernel) + 1min 20.403s (userspace) = 2min 21.043s
graphical.target reached after 1min 17.190s in userspace

加载程序耗时 49.94 秒

编辑4- 重新安装 Ubuntu 18.04 后，启动日志显示新的错误-

[   47.471182] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlo1: link becomes ready
[   65.656882] show_signal_msg: 28 callbacks suppressed
[   65.656884] gnome-shell[1072]: segfault at 20 ip 00007fc16a2fa81d sp 00007ffdf619a4e0 error 4 in libmutter-2.so.0.0.0[7fc16a20c000+156000]
[   67.640490] gnome-shell[1177]: segfault at 20 ip 00007f8a8430781d sp 00007fff201dba60 error 4 in libmutter-2.so.0.0.0[7f8a84219000+156000]
[  101.336776] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[  101.336784] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[  101.336788] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[  103.556549] rfkill: input handler disabled

安装 Ubuntu 19.04 后 图形驱动程序问题已解决，我已使用 Ubuntu 19.04 自动安装最新的 Nvidia 驱动程序。但启动时间仍未改善。

SMART 数据和自我检测屏幕显示以下内容 - SMART 数据和自我检测屏幕

grep -i sda /var/log/syslog* | more给予- 南达科他州 南达科他州 南达科他州

grep -i ata /var/log/syslog* | more给予- ATA ATA ATA

答案1

所以systemd-analyze输出表明这[email protected]是减慢启动时间的主要原因。

如果你不需要在系统上运行 PostgreSQL 服务器并在启动时自动启动，你可以使用以下命令完全卸载它：

sudo apt remove postgresql*

或者你可以保留它并禁用启动时自动启动服务

sudo systemctl disable postgresql

然后，您仍然可以使用以下命令手动启动当前会话的服务

sudo systemctl start postgresql

答案2

  1. 检查您是否拥有最新的 BIOS

    • sudo dmidecode -s bios-version# 获取当前 BIOS 版本

    • 去https://support.hp.com，输入序列号，进入下载区，检查是否有更新的 BIOS

    • 下载并安装较新的 BIOS

  2. 启动缓慢

    • 您安装了超过二十多个 snap 应用程序
    • snap list# 查看全部
    • sudo snap remove xxxx# 删除 snap 应用程序
    • sudo apt-get install xxxx# 将应用程序重新安装为常规应用程序

  3. 检查你的文件系统

    • 启动至 Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
    • 打开terminal窗户
    • 类型sudo fdisk -l
    • 识别“Linux 文件系统”的 /dev/XXXX 设备名称
    • 输入sudo fsck -f /dev/XXXX# 用你之前找到的数字替换 XXXX
    • 如果有错误，请重复 fsck 命令
    • 类型reboot

更新＃1：

因为这并不能解决问题...

由于 BIOS 更新没有解决 ACPI 错误，而且 HP 似乎不想修复他们的 BIOS，我们将这样做...

sudo pico /etc/modprobe.d/acpi_fix.conf# 创建新文件

在空文件中输入以下文本...

blacklist acpi_power_meter

然后保存文件...

control+ o，然后return

control+x

然后...

reboot# 重启计算机

更新 #2：

fstrim 在 sdb6 上运行，导致启动速度变慢。

一个磁盘的 SMART 数据显示读取/寻道/ECC 错误率较高。

答案3

禁用 grub 中的 plymouth 以获得更快的启动速度（plymouth-quit-wait-service）

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

并改变行GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT进入

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="noplymouth video=SVIDEO-1:d"

保存更改后，你必须使用以下命令更新 grub

sudo update-grub

然后重新启动机器。

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