更新后 Grub 退回到 shell

更新后 Grub 退回到 shell

Kubuntu 19.04,截至5月17日更新。

今天早上,我在我的 Kubuntu 安装上运行了更新,重启后,grub 让我进入 grub shell,但没有显示 grub 菜单。在过去的几个月里,这种情况发生过几次,最后我只能重新安装,因为我放弃了尝试解决它的方法。但我又一次遇到了这种情况,我想弄清楚是什么原因造成的。

硬件:

  • AMD 锐龙 2600X

  • 16GB 内存

  • 华硕 B450 主板

  • 1 个三星 Evo 500 GB SSD(主驱动器)

  • 1 个 Seagate 1TB HDD(存储驱动器)

  • 没有其他操作系统

在 grub 屏幕上手动输入以下内容可以让我的系统启动(混淆 UUID)并正常运行:

> 安装 gzio

> insmod part_gpt

> 安装 btrfs

>linux /@/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-15-generic root=UUID=0000000-000-000 ro rootflags=subvol=@quiet splash

> initrd /@/boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-15-generic

> 启动

但是,每次重启都要这么做,这显然很烦人。我检查了我的配置文件,一切看起来都很好,但似乎 grub 由于某种原因无法读取配置文件。

我的主驱动器的 UUID 已在下面混淆,但我确实在我的配置文件中验证了它是否准确。

在 /etc/fstab 中:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=4DD8-BE9A  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
# /home was on /dev/sda2 during installation
/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0

UUID=0000000-000-000 /               btrfs   rw,relatime,compress=zstd,ssd,discard,space_cache,subvol=@ 0       1
UUID=0000000-000-000 /home           btrfs   rw,relatime,compress=zstd,ssd,discard,space_cache,subvol=@home 0       2
UUID=0000000-000-000 /var           btrfs   rw,relatime,compress=zstd,ssd,discard,space_cache,subvol=@var 0       2

UUID=1111111-111-111 /mnt/storage        btrfs   rw,relatime,compress=zstd,ssd,discard,space_cache 0 2

/boot/grub/grub.cfg

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
if [ "${initrdfail}" = 2 ]; then
   set initrdfail=
elif [ "${initrdfail}" = 1 ]; then
   set next_entry="${prev_entry}"
   set prev_entry=
   save_env prev_entry
   if [ "${next_entry}" ]; then
      set initrdfail=2
   fi
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="0"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
function initrdfail {
    if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -n "${partuuid}" ]; then
      if [ -z "${initrdfail}" ]; then
        set initrdfail=1
        if [ -n "${boot_once}" ]; then
          set prev_entry="${default}"
          save_env prev_entry
        fi
      fi
      save_env initrdfail
    fi; fi
}
function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  # GRUB lacks write support for btrfs, so recordfail support is disabled.
}
function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod btrfs
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  60000000-000-000
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0000000-000-000
fi
    font="/@/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=en_CA
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
  set timeout=30
else
  if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
    set timeout_style=menu
    set timeout=1
  # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
  # unavailable.
  else
    set timeout=1
  fi
fi
if [ $grub_platform = efi ]; then
  set timeout=30
  if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
    set timeout_style=menu
  fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
#set_background_image "images/tile.png";

set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 0,0,0; then
  clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
        set gfxpayload="${1}"
        if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
                set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=1
        else
                set vt_handoff=
        fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-0000000-000-000' {
        recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod btrfs
        set root='hd0,gpt2'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  0000000-000-000
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0000000-000-000
        fi
        linux   /@/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-15-generic root=UUID=0000000-000-000 ro rootflags=subvol=@  quiet splash $vt_handoff
        initrd  /@/boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-15-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-0000000-000-000' {
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.0.0-15-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.0.0-15-generic-advanced-0000000-000-000' {
                recordfail
                load_video
                gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
                insmod gzio
                if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
                insmod part_gpt
                insmod btrfs
                set root='hd0,gpt2'
                if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  0000000-000-000
                else
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0000000-000-000
                fi
                echo    'Loading Linux 5.0.0-15-generic ...'
                linux   /@/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-15-generic root=UUID=0000000-000-000 ro rootflags=subvol=@  quiet splash $vt_handoff
                echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
                initrd  /@/boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-15-generic
        }
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.0.0-15-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.0.0-15-generic-recovery-0000000-000-000' {
                recordfail
                load_video
                insmod gzio
                if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
                insmod part_gpt
                insmod btrfs
                set root='hd0,gpt2'
                if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  60000000-000-000
                else
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0000000-000-000
                fi
                echo    'Loading Linux 5.0.0-15-generic ...'
                linux   /@/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-15-generic root=UUID=0000000-000-000 ro recovery nomodeset rootflags=subvol=@ 
                echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
                initrd  /@/boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-15-generic
        }
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.0.0-13-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.0.0-13-generic-advanced-698b5d59-0000000-000-000' {
                recordfail
                load_video
                gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
                insmod gzio
                if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
                insmod part_gpt
                insmod btrfs
                set root='hd0,gpt2'
                if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  0000000-000-000
                else
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0000000-000-000
                fi
                echo    'Loading Linux 5.0.0-13-generic ...'
                linux   /@/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-13-generic root=UUID=0000000-000-000 ro rootflags=subvol=@  quiet splash $vt_handoff
                echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
                initrd  /@/boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-13-generic
        }
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.0.0-13-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.0.0-13-generic-recovery-0000000-000-000' {
                recordfail
                load_video
                insmod gzio
                if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
                insmod part_gpt
                insmod btrfs
                set root='hd0,gpt2'
                if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  0000000-000-000
                else
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 0000000-000-000
                fi
                echo    'Loading Linux 5.0.0-13-generic ...'
                linux   /@/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-13-generic root=UUID=0000000-000-000 ro recovery nomodeset rootflags=subvol=@ 
                echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
                initrd  /@/boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-13-generic
        }
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
        fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

/etc/默认/grub

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=1
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

/etc/grub/grub.d 中除了空的(注释掉的)init-select.cfg 外什么都没有

update-grub 的输出:

~# update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-15-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-15-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-13-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-13-generic
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done

fdisk 的输出:

~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 850 
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 222222222-2222-2222222

Device      Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1    2048    999423    997376   487M EFI System
/dev/sda2  999424 976771071 975771648 465.3G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/sdb: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: ST31000524AS    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 33333333333-3333-3333333

Device     Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sdb1   2048 1953519615 1953517568 931.5G Linux filesystem

/boot/efi 的内容

# find /boot/efi
/boot/efi
/boot/efi/EFI
/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu
/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/BOOTX64.CSV
/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/fbx64.efi
/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/mmx64.efi

除非有人有任何建议,否则我不确定我还能在这里看到什么?

编辑: 我有一台笔记本电脑,它的设置与此非常相似(我的台式机),但它没有遇到同样的问题。我能看到的一个明显区别是在 /boot/grub/grub.cfg 文件中,我的笔记本电脑没有 grub 菜单项的“set root='hd0,gpt2'”行。不确定这是否相关,但它不能解释为什么我根本看不到菜单。

答案1

我能够自己修复这个问题,方法如下:

# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader=ubuntu -recheck
# update-grub
# update-initramfs -u

好奇为什么更新后会发生这种情况。

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