今天我将 Nvidia 驱动程序升级到 440 版（从 430 版开始）。然后我可能做错了什么，卸载了 CUDA（或者它被系统删除了，我不太记得了）。
我通过运行安装了 cuda-toolkit sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit，但$CUDA目录几乎是空的：它只包含一个samples目录，其中包含预编译的示例。该目录中没有源代码、没有文档、没有库等，就像以前一样。
我按照以下说明进行操作https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&target_distro=Ubuntu&target_version=1804&target_type=deblocal，但是当我运行时sudo apt install cuda，我得到了以下结果：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
libnvidia-common-440
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
cuda-command-line-tools-10-1 cuda-compiler-10-1 cuda-cudart-10-1
cuda-cudart-dev-10-1 cuda-cufft-10-1 cuda-cufft-dev-10-1 cuda-cuobjdump-10-1
cuda-cupti-10-1 cuda-curand-10-1 cuda-curand-dev-10-1 cuda-cusolver-10-1
cuda-cusolver-dev-10-1 cuda-cusparse-10-1 cuda-cusparse-dev-10-1
cuda-demo-suite-10-1 cuda-documentation-10-1 cuda-driver-dev-10-1
cuda-drivers cuda-gdb-10-1 cuda-gpu-library-advisor-10-1 cuda-libraries-10-1
cuda-libraries-dev-10-1 cuda-license-10-1 cuda-memcheck-10-1
cuda-misc-headers-10-1 cuda-npp-10-1 cuda-npp-dev-10-1 cuda-nsight-10-1
cuda-nsight-compute-10-1 cuda-nsight-systems-10-1 cuda-nvcc-10-1
cuda-nvdisasm-10-1 cuda-nvgraph-10-1 cuda-nvgraph-dev-10-1 cuda-nvjpeg-10-1
cuda-nvjpeg-dev-10-1 cuda-nvml-dev-10-1 cuda-nvprof-10-1 cuda-nvprune-10-1
cuda-nvrtc-10-1 cuda-nvrtc-dev-10-1 cuda-nvtx-10-1 cuda-nvvp-10-1
cuda-runtime-10-1 cuda-samples-10-1 cuda-sanitizer-api-10-1
cuda-toolkit-10-1 cuda-tools-10-1 cuda-visual-tools-10-1 libcublas-dev
libcublas10 libnvidia-cfg1-418 libnvidia-common-418 libnvidia-compute-418
libnvidia-decode-418 libnvidia-encode-418 libnvidia-fbc1-418
libnvidia-gl-418 libnvidia-ifr1-418 libxmu-dev libxmu-headers
nsight-compute-2019.4.0 nsight-systems-2019.3.7 nvidia-compute-utils-418
nvidia-dkms-418 nvidia-driver-418 nvidia-kernel-common-418
nvidia-kernel-source-418 nvidia-modprobe nvidia-settings nvidia-utils-418
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-418
Recommended packages:
libnvidia-compute-418:i386 libnvidia-decode-418:i386
libnvidia-encode-418:i386 libnvidia-ifr1-418:i386 libnvidia-fbc1-418:i386
libnvidia-gl-418:i386
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libnvidia-cfg1-440 libnvidia-compute-440 libnvidia-compute-440:i386
libnvidia-decode-440 libnvidia-decode-440:i386 libnvidia-encode-440
libnvidia-encode-440:i386 libnvidia-fbc1-440 libnvidia-fbc1-440:i386
libnvidia-gl-440 libnvidia-gl-440:i386 libnvidia-ifr1-440
libnvidia-ifr1-440:i386 nvidia-compute-utils-440 nvidia-dkms-440
nvidia-driver-440 nvidia-kernel-common-440 nvidia-kernel-source-440
nvidia-utils-440 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-440
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cuda-10-1 cuda-command-line-tools-10-1 cuda-compiler-10-1 cuda-cudart-10-1
cuda-cudart-dev-10-1 cuda-cufft-10-1 cuda-cufft-dev-10-1 cuda-cuobjdump-10-1
cuda-cupti-10-1 cuda-curand-10-1 cuda-curand-dev-10-1 cuda-cusolver-10-1
cuda-cusolver-dev-10-1 cuda-cusparse-10-1 cuda-cusparse-dev-10-1
cuda-demo-suite-10-1 cuda-documentation-10-1 cuda-driver-dev-10-1
cuda-drivers cuda-gdb-10-1 cuda-gpu-library-advisor-10-1 cuda-libraries-10-1
cuda-libraries-dev-10-1 cuda-license-10-1 cuda-memcheck-10-1
cuda-misc-headers-10-1 cuda-npp-10-1 cuda-npp-dev-10-1 cuda-nsight-10-1
cuda-nsight-compute-10-1 cuda-nsight-systems-10-1 cuda-nvcc-10-1
cuda-nvdisasm-10-1 cuda-nvgraph-10-1 cuda-nvgraph-dev-10-1 cuda-nvjpeg-10-1
cuda-nvjpeg-dev-10-1 cuda-nvml-dev-10-1 cuda-nvprof-10-1 cuda-nvprune-10-1
cuda-nvrtc-10-1 cuda-nvrtc-dev-10-1 cuda-nvtx-10-1 cuda-nvvp-10-1
cuda-runtime-10-1 cuda-samples-10-1 cuda-sanitizer-api-10-1
cuda-toolkit-10-1 cuda-tools-10-1 cuda-visual-tools-10-1 libcublas-dev
libcublas10 libnvidia-cfg1-418 libnvidia-common-418 libnvidia-compute-418
libnvidia-decode-418 libnvidia-encode-418 libnvidia-fbc1-418
libnvidia-gl-418 libnvidia-ifr1-418 libxmu-dev libxmu-headers
nsight-compute-2019.4.0 nsight-systems-2019.3.7 nvidia-compute-utils-418
nvidia-dkms-418 nvidia-driver-418 nvidia-kernel-common-418
nvidia-kernel-source-418 nvidia-modprobe nvidia-utils-418
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-418
The following packages will be upgraded:
nvidia-settings
答案1
您的 nvidia 驱动程序将支持多个 Cuda 版本：
使用“nvidia-smi”查找您可以支持的“最高”cuda 版本。
您可以在系统上安装多个 cuda 版本（从 nvidia 下载并安装），但在安装过程中，请不要（取消选中）旧 Cuda 版本的 Nvidia 驱动程序。
例如：运行 nvidia-smi，您会看到它最高可支持 10.2 Cuda。
您可以通过从 Nvidia 下载/访问将 cuda 9 或 10.1、10.0 安装到 /usr/local。
要使用您选择的 Cuda 版本，请修改您的 $PATH 和 $LD_LIBRARY_PATH。
我将指向 (cuda、LD_LIBRARY_PATH、PATH) 的搜索和此博客文章以获取更多信息：
https://marmelab.com/blog/2018/03/21/using-nvidia-gpu-within-docker-container.html
向所有在我之前的人致敬。