我尝试将系统从 ubuntu 18.04.6LTS (bionic) 升级到 20.04 LTS (focal)。但我运行了一些与升级到 Ubuntu 21.04 相关的命令，这些命令与我的目标完全无关。我运行的命令如下：
sudo sed -i 's/bionic/**hirsute**/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's/bionic/**hirsute**/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
sudo apt update
似乎有些软件包已升级到“21”。我该如何修复这个问题？我的目标是发布一个 LTS 版本。
通过运行dpkg -l > /tmp/somefile输出/tmp/somefile如下，我粘贴了其中的一部分。它不允许我粘贴所有内容。
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-===========================================================-===================================================-============-===============================================================================
ii a11y-profile-manager-indicator 0.1.11-0ubuntu4 amd64 Accessibility Profile Manager - Unity desktop indicator
ii account-plugin-facebook 0.12+16.04.20160126-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook
ii account-plugin-flickr 0.12+16.04.20160126-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr
ii account-plugin-google 0.12+16.04.20160126-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon
ii accountsservice 0.6.45-1ubuntu1.3 amd64 query and manipulate user account information
ii acl 2.2.52-3build1 amd64 Access control list utilities
ii acpi-support 0.142 amd64 scripts for handling many ACPI events
ii acpid 1:2.0.28-1ubuntu1 amd64 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii activity-log-manager 0.9.7-0ubuntu26 amd64 blacklist configuration user interface for Zeitgeist
ii adduser 3.118ubuntu5 all add and remove users and groups
ii adium-theme-ubuntu 0.3.4-0ubuntu4 all Adium message style for Ubuntu
ii adwaita-icon-theme 3.28.0-1ubuntu1 all default icon theme of GNOME (small subset)
ii aglfn 1.7-3 all Adobe Glyph List For New Fonts
ii aisleriot 1:3.22.5-1 amd64 GNOME solitaire card game collection
ii alsa-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu5 all ALSA driver configuration files
ii alsa-utils 1.1.3-1ubuntu1 amd64 Utilities for configuring and using ALSA
ii amd64-microcode 3.20191021.1+really3.20181128.1~ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 Processor microcode firmware for AMD CPUs
ii anacron 2.3-24 amd64 cron-like program that doesn't go by time
ii apache2-bin 2.4.29-1ubuntu4.19 amd64 Apache HTTP Server (modules and other binary files)
ii apg 2.2.3.dfsg.1-5 amd64 Automated Password Generator - Standalone version
ii app-install-data 15.10 all Ubuntu applications (data files)
ii app-install-data-partner 16.04 all Application Installer (data files for partner applications/repositories)
ii apparmor 2.12-4ubuntu5.1 amd64 user-space parser utility for AppArmor
ii appmenu-qt:amd64 0.2.7+14.04.20140305-0ubuntu2 amd64 application menu for Qt
rc appmenu-qt5 0.3.0+16.04.20170216-0ubuntu1 amd64 application menu for Qt5
ii apport 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.27 all automatically generate crash reports for debugging
ii apport-gtk 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.27 all GTK+ frontend for the apport crash report system
ii apport-symptoms 0.20 all symptom scripts for apport
ii appstream 0.12.0-3ubuntu1 amd64 Software component metadata management
ii apt 1.6.14 amd64 commandline package manager
ii apt-config-icons 0.12.0-3ubuntu1 all APT configuration snippet to enable icon downloads
rc apt-show-versions 0.22.7ubuntu1 all lists available package versions with distribution
ii apt-transport-https 1.6.14 all transitional package for https support
ii apt-utils 1.6.14 amd64 package management related utility programs
ii aptdaemon 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.5 all transaction based package management service
ii aptdaemon-data 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.5 all data files for clients
ii aptitude 0.8.10-6ubuntu1 amd64 terminal-based package manager
ii aptitude-common 0.8.10-6ubuntu1 all architecture independent files for the aptitude package manager
ii apturl 0.5.2ubuntu14.2 amd64 install packages using the apt protocol - GTK+ frontend
ii apturl-common 0.5.2ubuntu14.2 amd64 install packages using the apt protocol - common data
ii aspell 0.60.7~20110707-4ubuntu0.2 amd64 GNU Aspell spell-checker
ii aspell-en 2017.08.24-0-0.1 all English dictionary for GNU Aspell
ii at-spi2-core 2.28.0-1 amd64 Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface (dbus core)
ii atril 1.20.1-2ubuntu2 amd64 MATE document viewer
ii atril-common 1.20.1-2ubuntu2 all MATE document viewer (common files)
ii autoconf 2.69-11 all automatic configure script builder
ii automake 1:1.15.1-3ubuntu2 all Tool for generating GNU Standards-compliant Makefiles
ii autotools-dev 20180224.1 all Update infrastructure for config.{guess,sub} files
ii avahi-autoipd 0.7-3.1ubuntu1.3 amd64 Avahi IPv4LL network address configuration daemon
ii avahi-daemon 0.7-3.1ubuntu1.3 amd64 Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD daemon
ii avahi-utils 0.7-3.1ubuntu1.3 amd64 Avahi browsing, publishing and discovery utilities
ii bamfdaemon 0.5.3+18.04.20180207.2-0ubuntu1 amd64 Window matching library - daemon
ii baobab 3.28.0-1 amd64 GNOME disk usage analyzer
ii base-files 10.1ubuntu2.11 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files
ii base-passwd 3.5.44 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files
ii bash 4.4.18-2ubuntu1.2 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell
ii bash-completion 1:2.8-1ubuntu1 all programmable completion for the bash shell
ii bc 1.07.1-2 amd64 GNU bc arbitrary precision calculator language
ii bind9-host 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1.16 amd64 DNS lookup utility (deprecated)
ii binutils 2.36.1-6ubuntu1 amd64 GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities
ii binutils-common:amd64 2.36.1-6ubuntu1 amd64 Common files for the GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities
ii binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu 2.36.1-6ubuntu1 amd64 GNU binary utilities, for x86-64-linux-gnu target
ii blt 2.5.3+dfsg-4 amd64 graphics extension library for Tcl/Tk - run-time
ii bluez 5.48-0ubuntu3.6 amd64 Bluetooth tools and daemons
ii bluez-cups 5.48-0ubuntu3.6 amd64 Bluetooth printer driver for CUPS
ii bluez-obexd 5.48-0ubuntu3.6 amd64 bluez obex daemon
ii bolt 0.5-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 system daemon to manage thunderbolt 3 devices
ii branding-ubuntu 0.10 all Replacement artwork with Ubuntu branding
ii brltty 5.5-4ubuntu2.0.1 amd64 Access software for a blind person using a braille display
ii bsdmainutils 11.1.2ubuntu1 amd64 collection of more utilities from FreeBSD
ii bsdutils 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7 amd64 basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
ii bubblewrap 0.2.1-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 setuid wrapper for unprivileged chroot and namespace manipulation
ii build-essential 12.4ubuntu1 amd64 Informational list of build-essential packages
ii busybox-initramfs 1:1.30.1-6ubuntu2 amd64 Standalone shell setup for initramfs
ii busybox-static 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.3 amd64 Standalone rescue shell with tons of builtin utilities
ii bzip2 1.0.8-4ubuntu3 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities
ii bzip2-doc 1.0.6-8.1ubuntu0.2 all high-quality block-sorting file compressor - documentation
ii ca-certificates 20210119ubuntu0.21.04.1 all Common CA certificates
ii ca-certificates-java 20180516ubuntu1~18.04.1 all Common CA certificates (JKS keystore)
ii caja 1.20.2-4ubuntu1 amd64 file manager for the MATE desktop
ii caja-common 1.20.2-4ubuntu1 all file manager for the MATE desktop (common files)
ii checkinstall 1.6.2-4ubuntu2 amd64 installation tracker
ii cheese 3.28.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 tool to take pictures and videos from your webcam
ii cheese-common 3.28.0-1ubuntu1 all Common files for the Cheese tool to take pictures and videos
ii cmake 3.10.2-1ubuntu2.18.04.2 amd64 cross-platform, open-source make system
ii cmake-data 3.10.2-1ubuntu2.18.04.2 all CMake data files (modules, templates and documentation)
ii cockpit 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 all Web Console for Linux servers
ii cockpit-bridge 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 amd64 Cockpit bridge server-side component
ii cockpit-dashboard 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 all Cockpit remote servers and dashboard
ii cockpit-networkmanager 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 all Cockpit user interface for networking
ii cockpit-packagekit 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 all Cockpit user interface for packages
ii cockpit-storaged 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 all Cockpit user interface for storage
ii cockpit-system 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 all Cockpit admin interface for a system
ii cockpit-ws 215-1~ubuntu18.04.1 amd64 Cockpit Web Service
ii colord 1.3.3-2build1 amd64 system service to manage device colour profiles -- system daemon
ii colord-data 1.3.3-2build1 all system service to manage device colour profiles -- data files
ii command-not-found 18.04.5 all Suggest installation of packages in interactive bash sessions
ii command-not-found-data 18.04.5 amd64 Set of data files for command-not-found.
ii compiz 1:0.9.13.1+18.04.20180302-0ubuntu1 all OpenGL window and compositing manager
ii compiz-core 1:0.9.13.1+18.04.20180302-0ubuntu1 amd64 OpenGL window and compositing manager
ii compiz-gnome 1:0.9.13.1+18.04.20180302-0ubuntu1 amd64 OpenGL window and compositing manager - GNOME window decorator
ii compiz-plugins-default:amd64 1:0.9.13.1+18.04.20180302-0ubuntu1 amd64 OpenGL window and compositing manager - default plugins
ii console-setup 1.201ubuntu2 all console font and keymap setup program
ii console-setup-linux 1.201ubuntu2 all Linux specific part of console-setup
ii coreutils 8.28-1ubuntu1 amd64 GNU core utilities
ii cpio 2.12+dfsg-6ubuntu0.18.04.4 amd64 GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files
ii cpp 4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3 amd64 GNU C preprocessor (cpp)
ii cpp-4.8 4.8.5-4ubuntu8 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii cpp-4.9 4.9.4-2ubuntu1~16.04 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii cpp-5 5.5.0-12ubuntu1 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii cpp-6 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii cpp-7 7.5.0-6ubuntu4 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii cpufrequtils 008-1build1 amd64 utilities to deal with the cpufreq Linux kernel feature
ii cracklib-runtime 2.9.2-5build1 amd64 runtime support for password checker library cracklib2
ii crda 3.18-1build1 amd64 wireless Central Regulatory Domain Agent
ii cron 3.0pl1-128.1ubuntu1 amd64 process scheduling daemon
rc cuda-command-line-tools-9-0 9.0.176-1 amd64 CUDA command-line tools
rc cuda-core-9-0 9.0.176-1 amd64 CUDA core tools
部分输出apt list --installed | awk '{print $1}' | egrep -v bionic
a11y-profile-manager-indicator/hirsute,now
account-plugin-facebook/now
account-plugin-flickr/now
account-plugin-google/now
accountsservice/now
acl/now
acpi-support/now
acpid/now
activity-log-manager/now
adduser/hirsute,hirsute,now
adium-theme-ubuntu/hirsute,hirsute,now
adwaita-icon-theme/now
aglfn/now
aisleriot/now
alsa-base/now
alsa-utils/now
amd64-microcode/now
anacron/now
apache2-bin/now
答案1
看这个问题由我来问，在这里，你会发现你做错了什么
供参考： 更新错误是因为 bionic beaver 的一些存储库已从 hirsute 中删除，删除这些存储库并运行 apt upgrade 即可
供参考：请不要做这些事情，您不能不应该从 LTS 版本升级到非 LTS 版本（您正在将 18.04 升级到 21.04！！）
首先，在继续之前禁用所有 PPA（sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* $HOME）
正如你在问题中提到的，你想要一个 LTS 版本
目前，20.04 是最新 LTS 版本，但您已将一些软件包更改为 hirsute。因此，您不能升级到 20.04（因为一些软件包将被降级，而降级是不安全的，可能会破坏系统或使一些软件包无法使用）
让我们升级到 hirsute（非 LTS 版本）
首先，将 * 的内容更改sources.list为
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hirsute main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hirsute main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hirsute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hirsute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hirsute-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hirsute-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hirsute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hirsute partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hirsute partner
在那次跑步之后sudo apt update
我不这么认为它会说任何错误
运行此操作后
sudo snap refresh
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* $HOME
sudo apt dist-upgrade && sudo apt full-upgrade
您已完成！它将起作用
*-sources.list中可用/etc/apt/，完整路径为/etc/apt/sources.list。man sources.list也会有所帮助。
答案2
好的，我们可以尝试一些东西。
首先备份您的个人数据！然后为 focal 绘制一个 iso 并制作一个可启动的 usb-stick/dvd。我们首先尝试将软件包恢复为 bionic 版本。删除 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ 中的任何 ppa 文件，制作一个干净的 /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
现在到了棘手的部分。
创造/etc/apt/preferences.d/bionic.pref
Package: *
Pin: release v=18.04, a=bionic-security
Pin-Priority:1001
Package: *
Pin: release v=18.04,a=bionic-updates
Pin-Priority: 1001
Package: *
Pin: release v=18.04,o=Ubuntu,a=bionic
Pin-Priority: 1001
Package: *
Pin: release v=18.04,o=Canonical,a=bionic,n=bionic,c=partner
Pin-Priority: 1001
现在运行
sudo apt update && apt -s upgrade
最后只是一个模拟。没有错误
sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt full-upgrade
它有可能起作用，但也可能不起作用。
检查/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
一下
Prompt=lts
已设置！！
sudo apt install apt-show-versions
现在我们删除不再可用的包。首先概述一下这些包是什么。
apt-show-versions | egrep avail | awk '{print $1}'
apt -s remove $(apt-show-versions | egrep avail | awk '{print $1}')
这也是一个模拟。这将移除它们
apt purge $(apt-show-versions | egrep avail | awk '{print $1}')
移除/etc/apt/preferences.d/bionic.pref
然后查看
do-release-upgrade
工作中。
我交叉手指。