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任何 apt 命令的依赖错误

tag-icon • tag-icon 18.04 apt cuda
任何 apt 命令的依赖错误

当尝试安装或删除软件包时，我遇到与 cuda 有关的错误。

例如，安装 curl （我已经安装了）：

sudo apt install curl

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
curl is already the newest version (7.58.0-2ubuntu3.16).
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cuda-libraries-dev-10-2 : Depends: libcublas-dev (>= 10.2.2.89) but it is not going to be installed
 cuda-samples-10-2 : Depends: libcublas-dev (>= 10.2.2.89) but it is not going to be installed
 cuda-visual-tools-10-2 : Depends: libcublas-dev (>= 10.2.2.89) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

当对尚未安装的包执行此操作时，它也会给出同样缺少的依赖项（libcublas-dev）并导致安装失败。

有什么帮助吗？

编辑：尝试sudo apt --fix-broken install给出类似的错误：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libcublas-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libcublas-dev
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 613 not upgraded.
7 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/42.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 114 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y 
Get:1 file:/var/cuda-repo-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.40  libcublas-dev 10.2.2.89-1 [42.3 MB]
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'cuda-libraries-10-2' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
(Reading database ... 466055 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libcublas-dev (10.2.2.89-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cuda-repo-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.40/./libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/include/cublas_v2.h', which is also in package nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 10.0.130-0lambda3
dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cuda-repo-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.40/./libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

答案1

从关键错误行开始：

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cuda-repo-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.40/./libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/include/cublas_v2.h', which is also in package nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 10.0.130-0lambda3

让我们稍微分析一下：

dpkg: error processing PACKAGE A:
 trying to overwrite FILE, which is also in PACKAGE B

PACKAGE A = libcublas-dev:amd64 10.2.2.89-1
PACKAGE B = nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 10.0.130-0lambda3
FILE      = /usr/include/cublas_v2.h

第一个问题：包 A 和包 B 试图提供相同的文件。这意味着包冲突。该冲突是导致错误的原因。

第二个问题：看看每个软件包的版本号...它们不匹配。它们可能应该匹配。

  • 您——人类管理员——必须决定哪个版本适合您的系统。

查看apt cache policy这两个包。如果包来自不同的消息来源，这可能很糟糕。

  • 如果您有多个来源，您（人工管理员）必须决定哪个来源为您的系统提供适当的软件包。

要解决这个问题，你必须做出两个决定（如上所示）。然后你必须实施你的决定：

  1. 禁用或删除冲突或不需要的源。它们无论如何都帮不了你。

  2. 卸载有冲突或错误版本的软件包。

也可以使用--force-overwriteapt 的 quick-and-dirty 标志，这样错误消息就会消失。但是，我不建议这样做……它实际上并没有解决混合源提供错误版本软件包的根本问题，这可能会在某一天彻底破坏 Cuda。

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