我正在尝试构建 I/O API 3.2 以使用 CMAQ。我在 Ubuntu 22.04.3 上，使用 GCC 编译器 (v11.4.0)。I/O API 需要 NetCDF-C (v4.9.2) 和 NetCDF-Fortran (v4.6.1)。我还在使用 OpenMPI (v4.1.2)。zip 文件附带另一个名为 m3tools 的库，据我所知，这也是必需的。据我所知，我已经完成了 I/O API 部分的构建，因为我已经libioapi.a在目标目录中了。然后说明说要切换到 m3tools 文件夹，编辑相关的生成文件并运行它。我cd ./m3tools输入make并得到：
这个错误非常长，所以我只包含了开头和结尾的图片（也是因为当我尝试粘贴整个内容时，Ask Ubuntu 将其标记为垃圾邮件）但它基本上是同一件事，只是数百个undefined reference to。
这是在出现很多不同的错误之后，我认为我已经修复了这些错误，但这让我很困惑。我尝试按照生成文件但似乎没有任何变化能起作用。生成文件我使用过：
#.........................................................................
# Makefile for No-Couple version of M3Tools
# Note that I/O API must also have been built for No-Couple
#.........................................................................
# Environment Variables:
# BIN machine/OS/compiler/mode type. Shows up as suffix
# for "Makeinclude.${BIN}" to determine compilation
# flags, and in ${OBJDIR} and $(INSTALL) to determine
# binary directories
# INSTALL installation-directory root, used for "make install":
# "libioapi.a" and the tool executables will be installed
# in $(INSTALL)/${BIN}
#.........................................................................
# Directories:
# ${BASEDIR} is the root directory for the I/O API library source,
# the M3Tools and M3Test source,the HTML documentation,
# and the (machine/compiler/flag-specific) binary
# object/library/executable directories.
# $(SRCDIR) is the source directory for the M3TOOLS
# $(IODIR) is the source directory for the I/O API library
# ${OBJDIR} is the current machine/compiler/flag-specific
# build-directory
# $(F90DIR) is the current machine/compiler/flag-specific
# build-directory for F90-based programs (SGI & Sun)
#.........................................................................
#
# --------------- Definitions: -------------------------
.SUFFIXES: .m4 .c .F .f .f90 .F90
BASEDIR = /home/hector/Software/ioapi-3.2
SRCDIR = ${BASEDIR}/m3tools
IODIR = ${BASEDIR}/ioapi
OBJDIR = ${BASEDIR}/${BIN}
INSTDIR = ${INSTALL}/${BIN}
# Architecture dependent stuff
# Assumes FC is an f90
include $(IODIR)/Makeinclude.${BIN}
FFLAGS = -I$(IODIR) ${MODI}$(OBJDIR) $(ARCHFLAGS) $(FOPTFLAGS) $(ARCHFLAGS)
LDFLAGS = -I$(IODIR) -DIOAPI_NCF4=1 $(DEFINEFLAGS) $(ARCHFLAGS)
# Incompatibility between netCDF versions before / after v4.1.1:
# For netCDF v4 and later, you may also need the extra libraries
# given by netCDF commands
#
# nc-config --libs
# nf-config --libs
#
# Cygwin libraries need "-lnetcdff.dll -lnetcdf.dll" below
#
#LIBS = -L${OBJDIR} -lioapi -lnetcdff -lnetcdf $(OMPLIBS) $(ARCHLIB) $(ARCHLIBS)
#LIBS = -L${OBJDIR} -lioapi -lnetcdf $(OMPLIBS) $(ARCHLIB) $(ARCHLIBS)
LIBS = -L${OBJDIR} -lioapi -lnetcdff -lnetcdf `nf-config --flibs` `nc-config --libs` $(OMPLIBS) $(ARCHLIB) $(ARCHLIBS)
VPATH = ${OBJDIR}
fSRC = \
agmask.f agmax.f airnow2m3.f airs2m3.f cdiffstep.f \
diffstep.f kfxtract.f m3agmask.f m3agmax.f m3combo.f \
m3cple.f m3diff.f m3edhdr.f m3hdr.f m3interp.f \
m3merge.f m3pair.f m3stat.f m3xtract.f mtxblend.f \
mtxbuild.f mtxcple.f presterp.f projtool.f selmrg2d.f \
statb.f statbdry.f statc.f statcust.f statg.f \
statgrid.f stati.f statiddat.f statm.f stats.f \
statspars.f statstep.f
f90SRC = \
bcwndw.f90 camxtom3.f90 datshift.f90 factor.f90 fakestep.f90 \
fills.f90 findwndw.f90 greg2jul.f90 gregdate.f90 gridprobe.f90 \
insertgrid.f90 jul2greg.f90 juldate.f90 juldiff.f90 julshift.f90 \
latlon.f90 m3fake.f90 m3mask.f90 m3pair.f90 m3probe.f90 \
m3totxt.f90 m3tproc.f90 m3tshift.f90 m3wndw.f90 mpasdiff.f90 \
mpasstat.f90 mpastom3.f90 mtxcalc.f90 pairstep.f90 presz.f90 \
randomstat.f90 timediff.f90 timeshift.f90 vertot.f90 vertimeproc.f90 \
vertintegral.f90 wndwdesc.f90 wndwpoints.f90 wndwptdata.f90 \
wrfgriddesc.f90 wrftom3.f90 wrfwndw.f90
OBJ = $(fSRC:.f=.o) $(f90SRC:.f90=.o)
EXE = \
airs2m3 bcwndw camxtom3 datshift dayagg \
factor findwndw greg2jul gregdate gridprobe \
insertgrid jul2greg juldate juldiff julshift \
kfxtract latlon m3agmax m3agmask m3cple \
m3combo m3diff m3edhdr m3fake m3hdr \
m3interp m3mask m3merge m3pair m3probe \
m3stat m3totxt m3tproc m3tshift m3wndw \
m3xtract mtxblend mtxbuild mtxcalc mtxcple \
mpasdiff mpasstat mpastom3 presterp presz \
projtool randomstat selmrg2d timediff timeshift \
vertot vertimeproc vertintegral wndwdesc wndwpoints \
wndwptdata wrfgriddesc wrftom3 wrfwndw
# ---------------------- TOP-LEVEL TARGETS: ------------------
all: $(EXE)
clean:
cd ${OBJDIR}; rm $(EXE) $(OBJ)
install: $(INSTDIR)
echo "Installing M3TOOLS in ${INSTDIR}"
cd ${OBJDIR}; cp $(EXE) $(INSTDIR)
rmexe:
cd ${OBJDIR}; rm ${EXE}
relink:
make BIN=${BIN} -i rmexe ; make BIN=${BIN} all
bins:
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64sun
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64ifort
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64dbg
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64sundbg
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64ifortdbg
binclean:
make -i BIN=Linux2_x86_64 clean
make -i BIN=Linux2_x86_64sun clean
make -i BIN=Linux2_x86_64ifort clean
make -i BIN=Linux2_x86_64dbg clean
make -i BIN=Linux2_x86_64sundbg clean
make -i BIN=Linux2_x86_64ifortdbg clean
binrelink:
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64 relink
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64sun relink
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64ifort relink
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64dbg relink
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64sundbg relink
make BIN=Linux2_x86_64ifortdbg relink
flags:
echo "BIN=${BIN}"
echo "FFLAGS=$(FFLAGS)"
echo "LDFLAGS=$(LDFLAGS)"
echo "LIBS=$(LIBS)"
echo "ARCHFLAGS=$(ARCHFLAGS)"
echo "ARCHLIB=$(ARCHLIB)"
echo "ARCHLIBS=$(ARCHLIBS)"
echo "OMPFLAGS=$(OMPFLAGS)"
echo "OMPLIBS=$(OMPLIBS)"
echo "FOPTFLAGS=$(FOPTFLAGS)"
echo "COPTFLAGS=$(COPTFLAGS)"
echo "PARFLAGS=$(PARFLAGS)"
echo "PVM_ROOT=$(PVM_ROOT)"
echo "PVMLIBS=$(PVMLIBS)"
# ----------------------- RULES: -------------------------
%.o : %.mod # Disable "gmake"s obnoxious implicit Modula-2 rule !!
%.f : %.F # Hack for some versions of "gmake" + "gfortran"
.F.o:
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) $(FPPFLAGS) $(FFLAGS) -c $(SRCDIR)/$<
.f.o:
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) $(FFLAGS) -c $(SRCDIR)/$<
.f90.o:
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) $(FFLAGS) -c $(SRCDIR)/$<
# --------------------------- Dependencies: --------------------
aggvars.o : m3utilio.mod
agmask.o : m3utilio.mod
agmax.o : m3utilio.mod
airnow2m3.o : m3utilio.mod
airs2m3.o : m3utilio.mod
cdiffstep.o : m3utilio.mod
dayagg.o : m3utilio.mod
diffstep.o : m3utilio.mod
aggvars.o : m3utilio.mod
agmask.o : m3utilio.mod
agmax.o : m3utilio.mod
airnow2m3.o : m3utilio.mod
airs2m3.o : m3utilio.mod
cdiffstep.o : m3utilio.mod
dayagg.o : m3utilio.mod
diffstep.o : m3utilio.mod
gridprobe.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
insertgrid.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
latlon.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
m3agmask.o : m3utilio.mod
m3agmax.o : m3utilio.mod
m3combo.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
m3cple.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod modatts3.mod
m3diff.o : m3utilio.mod
m3edhdr.o : m3utilio.mod
m3hdr.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
m3interp.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod modatts3.mod
m3mask.o : m3utilio.mod
m3merge.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
m3stat.o : m3utilio.mod
m3tproc.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
m3tshift.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
m3xtract.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
m3wndw.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
mpasdiff.o : m3utilio.mod modmpasfio.mod
mpasstat.o : m3utilio.mod modmpasfio.mod
mpastom3.o : m3utilio.mod modmpasfio.mod
mtxbuild.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
mtxcalc.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod modgctp.mod
mtxcple.o : m3utilio.mod modatts3.mod
projtool.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
selmrg2d.o : m3utilio.mod
statbdry.o : m3utilio.mod
statcust.o : m3utilio.mod
statgrid.o : m3utilio.mod
statiddat.o : m3utilio.mod
statspars.o : m3utilio.mod
wndwdesc.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
wndwpoints.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
wndwptdata.o : m3utilio.mod modgctp.mod
wrfgriddesc.o : m3utilio.mod modwrfio.mod
wrftom3.o : m3utilio.mod modwrfio.mod
wrfwndw.o : m3utilio.mod modwrfio.mod modncfio.mod modgctp.mod
# --------------------------- $(EXE) Program builds: -----------------
airs2m3: airs2m3.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
bcwndw: bcwndw.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
camxtom3: camxtom3.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
datshift: datshift.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
dayagg: dayagg.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
factor: factor.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
findwndw: findwndw.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
greg2jul: greg2jul.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
gregdate: gregdate.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
gridprobe: gridprobe.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
insertgrid: insertgrid.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; ${FC} ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
jul2greg: jul2greg.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
juldate: juldate.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
juldiff: juldiff.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
julshift: julshift.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
kfxtract: kfxtract.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
latlon: latlon.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3agmask: m3agmask.o agmask.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3agmax: m3agmax.o agmax.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3combo: m3combo.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3cple: m3cple.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3diff: m3diff.o diffstep.o cdiffstep.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3edhdr: m3edhdr.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3fake: m3fake.o fakestep.o fills.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3hdr: m3hdr.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3interp: m3interp.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3mask: m3mask.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3merge: m3merge.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3pair: m3pair.o pairstep.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3probe: m3probe.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3stat: m3stat.o statbdry.o statcust.o statgrid.o statiddat.o statspars.o \
statb.o statc.o statg.o stati.o statm.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3totxt: m3totxt.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; ${FC} ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3tproc: m3tproc.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3tshift: m3tshift.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3wndw: m3wndw.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m3xtract: m3xtract.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
m4cple: m4cple.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
mpasdiff: mpasdiff.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
mpasstat: mpasstat.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
mpastom3: mpastom3.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
mtxblend: mtxblend.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
mtxbuild: mtxbuild.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
mtxcalc: mtxcalc.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
mtxcple: mtxcple.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
presterp: presterp.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
presz: presz.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
projtool: projtool.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
randomstat: randomstat.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
selmrg2d: selmrg2d.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
sfcmet: sfcmet.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
timediff: timediff.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
timeshift: timeshift.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
vertimeproc: vertimeproc.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
vertintegral: vertintegral.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
vertot: vertot.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
wndwdesc: wndwdesc.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
wndwpoints: wndwpoints.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
wndwptdata: wndwptdata.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
wrfgriddesc: wrfgriddesc.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
wrftom3: wrftom3.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
wrfwndw: wrfwndw.o
cd ${OBJDIR}; $(FC) ${LFLAGS} $^ ${LIBS} -o $@
这生成文件取决于另一个文件，该文件提供了我正在使用的计算机和编译器的规格，该文件名为./Makeinclude.Linux2_x86_64gfortmpi，内容如下：
# Version "$Id: Makeinclude.Linux2_x86_64gfortmpi 1 2017-06-10 18:05:20Z coats $"
#
# Build MPI/PnetCDF distributed-file support using "mpif90" and "mpcc",
# where compilers are built "on top of" Gnu compilers
#
AR = ar
CC = mpicc
CXX = mpiCC
FC = mpif90
M4 = m4
LINK = $(CC)
## Module-include-directory command
MODI = -I
E132 = -ffixed-line-length-132
MFLAGS = -ffast-math -funroll-loops -m64 # -Wall -Wsurprising -march=native -mtune=native
#OMPFLAGS = -fopenmp
#OMPLIBS = -fopenmp
COPTFLAGS = -O3 ${MFLAGS}
FOPTFLAGS = -O3 -fallow-argument-mismatch ${MFLAGS}
FPPFLAGS = -DF90=1 -DIOAPI_PNCF=1
FSFLAGS = -fno-automatic
ARCHFLAGS = \
-DAUTO_ARRAYS=1 \
-DF90=1 -DFLDMN=1 \
-DFSTR_L=int \
-DIOAPI_NO_STDOUT=1 \
-DNEED_ARGS=1 \
-DIOAPI_NCF4=1
PARFLAGS =
ARCHLIB = -dynamic -L/usr/lib64 -lm -lpthread -lc
M4DEFFILE = $(PVM_ROOT)/conf/$(PVM_ARCH).m4
PVMLIBS = -lpvm3
如果有人能提供任何可能有帮助的信息，我将不胜感激，因为我已经被这个问题困扰了好几天。我真的不知道是什么原因造成的，因为我对 Linux 还很陌生，甚至到达这一点也需要很长的学习曲线。目前，我觉得任何不起作用的东西都超出了我目前的知识范围，我认为如果没有外部帮助，我将无法继续下去。提前谢谢！