我骑上我的希捷 FreeAgent Pro通过 USB 将外部硬盘驱动器连接到我的 Fedora 盒子。我使用它作为备份的存储。最近，它给我带来了一些问题。我试图联系 Seagate，他们建议我使用海工具。当然，没有适用于 Linux 的 Seatools，所以我不得不将驱动器连接到我的 Windows 机器上，才能顺利通过：
智能检查：无法进行测试。推测这是因为我通过 USB 连接驱动器。
长途驾驶自检：已通过
长通用测试：已通过
因此，在我再次联系 Seagate 之前（我的硬盘还在保修期内），我想看看是否有人能给出一些关于如何排除故障的建议。提交给您分析，对一些看似相关的系统日志消息进行细分。
首先，从我的 fstab 中：
/dev/sdb /mnt/extdrive ext3 auto,defaults 1 2
挂载后的Syslog：
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bc2, idProduct=3022
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=9
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: Product: FreeAgent Pro
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: Manufacturer: Seagate
19:47:25 kernel: usb 1-1: SerialNumber: OBFUSCATED
19:47:25 kernel: scsi3 : usb-storage 1-1:1.0
19:47:26 kernel: scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access Seagate FreeAgent Pro 400A PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
19:47:26 kernel: sdb: sdb1
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
19:47:26 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
19:47:26 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): using internal journal
19:47:26 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode
它工作了几个小时都没问题。然后，我得到：
05:01:10 kernel: usb 1-1: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: No additional sense information
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 2a bc 19 7b d5 10 00 00 08 88
05:01:11 kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 393991440
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: Aborting journal on device sdb.
然后是几条消息，指出“拒绝对离线设备进行 I/O”，随后是有关某种 I/O 操作的 EXT3-fs 错误。示例：
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): error in ext3_reserve_inode_write: Journal has aborted
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs (sdb): error in ext3_dirty_inode: Journal has aborted
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): empty_dir: error -5 reading directory #24609027 offset 0
我随后得到了如下的跟踪信息：
05:01:11 kernel: ------------[ cut here ]------------
05:01:11 kernel: WARNING: at fs/buffer.c:1159 mark_buffer_dirty+0x28/0x7e()
05:01:11 kernel: Hardware name: CM-iAM/SBC-FITPC2i
05:01:11 kernel: Modules linked in: coretemp sunrpc cpufreq_ondemand acpi_cpufreq ipv6 xt_multiport iptable_mangle ipt_MASQUERADE ipt_LOG xt_recent iptable_nat nf_nat pegasus i2c_isch sch_gpio i2c_core microcode lpc_sch serio_raw mfd_core r8169 mii ata_generic pata_acpi usb_storage pata_sch video output [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan]
05:01:11 kernel: Pid: 22721, comm: rm Not tainted 2.6.34.7-56.fc13.i686.PAE #1
05:01:11 kernel: Call Trace:
05:01:11 kernel: [<c043f32a>] warn_slowpath_common+0x6a/0x81
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04f5f50>] ? mark_buffer_dirty+0x28/0x7e
05:01:11 kernel: [<c043f353>] warn_slowpath_null+0x12/0x15
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04f5f50>] mark_buffer_dirty+0x28/0x7e
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a6d8>] ext3_commit_super.clone.0+0x47/0x53
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a75d>] ext3_handle_error+0x79/0x9d
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a7dc>] __ext3_std_error+0x5b/0x76
05:01:11 kernel: [<c052a82d>] __ext3_journal_stop+0x36/0x3d
05:01:11 kernel: [<c0523c20>] ext3_dirty_inode+0x64/0x6c
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04f1076>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x28/0xf8
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e9690>] touch_atime+0xcb/0xeb
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e5a1e>] vfs_readdir+0x7b/0x94
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e572c>] ? filldir64+0x0/0xd0
05:01:11 kernel: [<c04e5a9f>] sys_getdents64+0x68/0xaa
05:01:11 kernel: [<c0408c9f>] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28
05:01:11 kernel: ---[ end trace 7d73d2e1814cadc7 ]---
最后，收到一堆消息通知我更多 I/O 拒绝：
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
很多时候，上述消息会单独出现。其他时候，它会与提供 inode 号和块号的 EXT3-fs 错误一起出现。示例：
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24904304, block=49807381
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24904304, block=49807381
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24986702, block=49971236
05:01:11 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device
05:01:11 kernel: EXT3-fs error (device sdb): ext3_get_inode_loc: unable to read inode block - inode=24986702, block=49971236
因此，我关闭驱动器电源并运行 fsck。结果如下：
# fsck -f -y /dev/sdb
fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
e2fsck 1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
/extdrive: recovering journal
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/extdrive: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/extdrive: 632570/39075840 files (1.6% non-contiguous), 59419817/78142806 blocks
现在驱动器安装正常，我可以像什么都没发生过一样写入备份。然后几个小时后，它又开始出错了。
一如往常，非常感谢我的 SU 同胞。
答案1
这可能是 SATA/USB 桥的问题。我会尝试用 eSata 或 FireWire 插入硬盘来检查。
答案2
您的驱动器可能已进入睡眠状态。您可以使用hdparm来控制驱动器的电源管理设置。
答案3
我见过驱动器有类似的行为 - 类似性质的错误，访问速度非常慢，但没有 SMART 错误。几周后，SMART 错误开始出现。如果不是桥接器，则驱动器被戳了。