free -g以下是和的输出ps -aux。free指示正在使用 35G 的 RAM，但我不知道输出如何ps向我显示哪些进程消耗了最多的内存。
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 54 35 18 0 0 1
-/+ buffers/cache: 34 20
Swap: 8 0 8
[opc@lapp203 ~]$ ps -aux
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.0 19416 2316 ? Ss Mar17 0:01 /sbin/init
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:16 [rcu_sched]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:03 [rcuos/0]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/0]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/0]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/0]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/1]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/1]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/1:0H]
root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:02 [rcuos/1]
root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/1]
root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/2]
root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/2]
root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/2]
root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/2:0H]
root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:03 [rcuos/2]
root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/2]
root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/3]
root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/3]
root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/3]
root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/3:0H]
root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:02 [rcuos/3]
root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/3]
root 34 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/4]
root 35 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/4]
root 36 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/4]
root 38 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/4:0H]
root 39 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:03 [rcuos/4]
root 40 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/4]
root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/5]
root 42 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/5]
root 43 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/5]
root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/5:0H]
root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:02 [rcuos/5]
root 47 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/5]
root 48 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/6]
root 49 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/6]
root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/6]
root 52 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/6:0H]
root 53 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:08 [rcuos/6]
root 54 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/6]
root 55 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [watchdog/7]
root 56 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [migration/7]
root 57 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [ksoftirqd/7]
root 59 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/7:0H]
root 60 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:02 [rcuos/7]
root 61 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [rcuob/7]
root 62 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [khelper]
root 63 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root 64 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [netns]
root 65 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [perf]
root 66 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [khungtaskd]
root 67 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [writeback]
root 68 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Mar17 0:00 [ksmd]
root 69 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Mar17 0:00 [khugepaged]
root 70 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [crypto]
root 71 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kintegrityd]
root 72 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bioset]
root 73 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kblockd]
root 74 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ata_sff]
root 75 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [md]
root 76 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kworker/0:1]
root 78 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kswapd0]
root 79 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [fsnotify_mark]
root 91 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kthrotld]
root 92 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
root 94 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:02 [kworker/2:1]
root 95 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kpsmoused]
root 97 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bcache]
root 98 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [deferwq]
root 99 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kworker/1:1]
root 100 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kworker/3:1]
root 101 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:08 [kworker/5:1]
root 102 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:01 [kworker/6:1]
root 103 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:02 [kworker/7:1]
root 138 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [iscsi_eh]
root 182 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ttm_swap]
root 319 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root 320 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
root 321 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root 322 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
root 326 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ib_addr]
root 327 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ixgbevf]
root 328 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [iw_cxgb3]
root 332 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [iw_cm_wq]
root 333 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [iw_cxgb4]
root 334 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [cnic_wq]
root 335 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/0]
root 336 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/1]
root 337 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/2]
root 338 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/3]
root 339 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/4]
root 340 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/5]
root 341 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/6]
root 342 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bnx2i_thread/7]
root 549 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root 550 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
root 551 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [iscsi_q_2]
root 552 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [scsi_wq_2]
root 631 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/5:1H]
root 638 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/2:1H]
root 639 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:01 [jbd2/sda3-8]
root 640 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ext4-rsv-conver]
root 647 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/7:1H]
root 649 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/6:1H]
root 651 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/0:1H]
root 653 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/4:1H]
root 721 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/1:1H]
root 746 0.0 0.0 11608 2744 ? S<s Mar17 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 769 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kworker/3:1H]
root 815 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar18 0:00 [kworker/6:2]
root 3351 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kauditd]
root 3394 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ib_mcast]
root 3395 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ib_nl_sa_wq]
root 3396 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ib_cm]
root 3397 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [rdma_cm]
root 3398 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [rdma_cm_fr]
root 3406 0.0 0.0 24936 18768 ? S<Lsl Mar17 0:00 iscsiuio
root 3412 0.0 0.0 4996 1520 ? Ss Mar17 0:03 iscsid
root 3413 0.0 0.0 8624 4536 ? S<Ls Mar17 0:12 iscsid
root 3622 0.0 0.0 9176 2212 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 /sbin/dhclient -H phxalc5lapp203 -1 -q -lf /var/lib/d
root 3672 0.0 0.0 27776 1788 ? S<sl Mar17 0:00 auditd
root 3706 0.0 0.0 245128 2804 ? Ssl Mar17 0:00 /sbin/rsyslogd -i /var/run/syslogd.pid -c 5
root 3721 0.0 0.0 18312 1884 ? Ss Mar17 0:07 irqbalance --pid=/var/run/irqbalance.pid
root 3736 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [scsi_eh_4]
root 3737 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [scsi_tmf_4]
root 3738 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [iscsi_q_4]
root 3739 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [scsi_wq_4]
rpc 3776 0.0 0.0 19040 1928 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 rpcbind
rpcuser 3800 0.0 0.0 23412 2456 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 rpc.statd
root 3832 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [rpciod]
root 3837 0.0 0.0 23160 192 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 rpc.idmapd
dbus 3863 0.0 0.0 29980 2620 ? Ssl Mar17 0:00 dbus-daemon --system
root 3885 0.0 0.0 189144 6488 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 cupsd -C /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
root 3909 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [kdmflush]
root 3910 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [bioset]
root 3927 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [nfsiod]
root 3939 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [nfsv4.0-svc]
root 3941 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [jbd2/dm-0-8]
root 3942 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Mar17 0:00 [ext4-rsv-conver]
root 3954 0.0 0.0 4156 1636 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 /usr/sbin/acpid
68 3966 0.0 0.0 37216 5688 ? Ssl Mar17 0:00 hald
root 3967 0.0 0.0 20456 2796 ? S Mar17 0:00 hald-runner
root 4005 0.0 0.0 22576 1060 ? S Mar17 0:00 hald-addon-input: Listening on /dev/input/event1 /dev
68 4010 0.0 0.0 18060 2108 ? S Mar17 0:00 hald-addon-acpi: listening on acpid socket /var/run/a
root 4011 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kworker/5:2]
root 4095 0.0 0.0 66316 2552 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
ntp 4108 0.0 0.0 30800 4240 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 ntpd -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g
root 4199 0.0 0.0 81012 6240 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master
postfix 4216 0.0 0.0 81264 6312 ? S Mar17 0:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
root 4217 0.0 0.0 116892 2480 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 crond
root 4236 0.0 0.0 21164 216 ? Ss Mar17 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd
root 4260 0.0 0.0 35512 5600 ? Ssl Mar17 0:03 /opt/Tanium/TaniumClient/TaniumClient
root 4294 0.0 0.0 200940 12048 pts/1 Ss+ Mar17 0:23 /usr/local/qualys/cloud-agent/bin/qualys-cloud-agent
root 4306 0.0 0.0 4124 1356 tty1 Ss+ Mar17 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty1
root 4308 0.0 0.0 4124 1332 tty2 Ss+ Mar17 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty2
root 4310 0.0 0.0 4124 1404 tty3 Ss+ Mar17 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty3
root 4313 0.0 0.0 12528 3744 ? S< Mar17 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 4314 0.0 0.0 4124 1304 tty4 Ss+ Mar17 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty4
root 4316 0.0 0.0 4124 1192 tty5 Ss+ Mar17 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty5
root 4318 0.0 0.0 4124 1344 tty6 Ss+ Mar17 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty6
root 6092 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:00 0:00 [kworker/3:0]
root 7272 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar17 0:00 [kworker/1:2]
root 11979 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar18 0:00 [kworker/4:0]
root 19550 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar18 0:00 [kworker/2:0]
root 23050 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar18 0:00 [kworker/4:2]
root 23146 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar18 0:00 [kworker/0:0]
root 26106 0.1 0.0 963224 28744 ? Sl 02:47 0:07 /opt/Tanium/TaniumClient/TaniumClient -c
root 26636 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 03:13 0:00 [kworker/u16:2]
postfix 26651 0.0 0.0 81092 6260 ? S 03:16 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u
root 27085 0.0 0.0 97992 6324 ? Ss 03:34 0:00 sshd: arwadmin [priv]
arwadmin 27093 0.0 0.0 97992 5200 ? S 03:34 0:00 sshd: arwadmin@pts/3
arwadmin 27103 0.0 0.0 108380 3196 pts/3 Ss+ 03:35 0:00 -bash
root 27176 0.0 0.0 97992 6204 ? Ss 03:40 0:00 sshd: opc [priv]
opc 27184 0.0 0.0 97992 3440 ? S 03:40 0:00 sshd: opc@pts/4
opc 27185 0.0 0.0 108380 3180 pts/4 Ss 03:40 0:00 -bash
root 27223 0.0 0.0 97992 6232 ? Ss 03:42 0:00 sshd: ppdsoa [priv]
ppdsoa 27231 0.0 0.0 97992 4944 ? S 03:42 0:00 sshd: ppdsoa@pts/5
ppdsoa 27246 0.0 0.0 108512 3260 pts/5 Ss 03:42 0:00 -bash
root 27445 0.0 0.0 97992 6216 ? Ss 03:47 0:00 sshd: ppdsoa [priv]
ppdsoa 27450 0.0 0.0 97992 3316 ? S 03:47 0:00 sshd: ppdsoa@pts/0
ppdsoa 27451 0.0 0.0 108512 3264 pts/0 Ss+ 03:47 0:00 -bash
ppdsoa 27480 0.0 0.0 218936 41004 pts/0 Sl 03:47 0:00 /usr/bin/Xvnc :3 -desktop phxalc5lapp203:3 (ppdsoa) -
ppdsoa 27496 0.0 0.0 50276 4556 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 vncconfig -iconic
ppdsoa 27500 0.0 0.0 253768 13700 pts/0 Sl 03:47 0:00 gnome-session
ppdsoa 27503 0.0 0.0 20120 1980 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 dbus-launch --exit-with-session gnome-session
ppdsoa 27504 0.0 0.0 29948 2476 ? Ssl 03:47 0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address
root 27508 0.0 0.0 49992 4976 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/devkit-power-daemon
ppdsoa 27512 0.0 0.0 132684 6732 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gconfd-2
ppdsoa 27531 0.0 0.0 555020 17812 ? Ss 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gnome-settings-daemon
ppdsoa 27533 0.0 0.0 161828 3772 pts/0 Sl 03:47 0:00 gnome-keyring-daemon --start
ppdsoa 27536 0.0 0.0 284460 15120 ? Ss 03:47 0:00 seahorse-daemon
ppdsoa 27540 0.0 0.0 137452 4544 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd
root 27547 0.0 0.0 11604 2404 ? S< 03:47 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
ppdsoa 27551 0.0 0.0 266860 17700 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 metacity
ppdsoa 27557 0.0 0.0 358344 5640 ? Ssl 03:47 0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
rtkit 27559 0.0 0.0 164412 2064 ? SNl 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/rtkit-daemon
root 27563 0.0 0.0 52524 6172 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/polkit-1/polkitd
ppdsoa 27564 0.0 0.0 594280 33776 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 nautilus
root 27566 0.0 0.0 4114656 5080 ? Sl 03:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon
ppdsoa 27635 0.0 0.0 253444 14628 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gdu-notification-daemon
ppdsoa 27638 0.0 0.0 446432 20304 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 gnome-volume-control-applet
ppdsoa 27640 0.0 0.0 257924 15892 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 bluetooth-applet
ppdsoa 27644 0.0 0.0 30328 6884 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/restorecond -u
ppdsoa 27654 0.0 0.0 255876 14104 pts/0 S 03:47 0:00 gnome-power-manager
root 27656 0.0 0.0 45532 5144 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/udisks-daemon
root 27662 0.0 0.0 45268 316 ? S 03:47 0:00 udisks-daemon: not polling any devices
ppdsoa 27669 0.0 0.0 144080 5424 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd-trash --spawner :1.8 /org/gtk/gvfs
ppdsoa 27674 0.0 0.0 146468 5928 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfs-gdu-volume-monitor
ppdsoa 27679 0.0 0.0 230680 5128 ? Sl 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfs-afc-volume-monitor
ppdsoa 27682 0.0 0.0 151056 5116 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor
ppdsoa 27687 0.0 0.0 135276 4420 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd-metadata
ppdsoa 27691 0.0 0.0 137480 4940 ? S 03:47 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd-burn --spawner :1.8 /org/gtk/gvfs/
root 27696 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 03:48 0:00 [kworker/u16:1]
ppdsoa 27873 0.0 0.0 114740 3188 pts/5 S+ 03:54 0:00 vi /u01/ppdsoa/CSDW/Oracle/Middleware/oracle_common/c
root 27989 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 03:55 0:00 [kworker/u16:0]
opc 28141 2.0 0.0 110256 2284 pts/4 R+ 03:58 0:00 ps -aux
root 28233 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar18 0:00 [kworker/7:2]
答案1
如果您查看页面
man，ps您会发现您的输出实际上已经显示了您想知道的所有内容......VSZ virtual memory size of the process in KiB (1024-byte units). Device mappings are currently excluded; this is subject to change. (alias vsize). RSS resident set size, the non-swapped physical memory that a task has used (in kiloBytes). (alias rssize, rsz).您可以通过使用
--sort命令选项ps来排序，vsz并rss与head命令结合使用。例如：ps aux --sort -rss | head您还可以
ps准确地告诉您希望显示什么以及如何显示，然后通过管道将输出awk转换为更易于阅读的形式：ps -eo pid,vsz,rss,comm --sort -rss,-vsz | head \ | awk 'NR>1 {$2=int($2/1024)"M";$3=int($3/1024)"M"}{ print;}' \ | column -t