我有两个硬盘。第一个硬盘包含 Windows 和 Ubuntu 安装，但第一个 MBR 启动到 Windows，而第二个 MBR 理论上启动到 Ubuntu。直到最近，这一直运行良好。
我将 sdb 上的 MBR 清零，然后用 TestDisk 修复它。分区和数据看起来都很好。之后，从 sdb 启动时，屏幕上只显示此信息，没有其他信息。
1234F:
我进入 Ubuntu 环境并运行
sudo grub-install /dev/sdb
没有变化。我跑了
sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sdb
现在它启动到屏幕上，上面简单地写着
GRUB _
并且不再进一步。
我跑了这个启动信息脚本，输出如下：
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Grub Legacy0.97 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector
74500216 on boot drive #1 for the stage2 file. A stage2 file is at this
location on /dev/sda. Stage2 looks on partition #5 for
/boot/grub/menu.lst..
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/Boot/bootx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/MokManager.efi /efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
sda4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 14.10
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab
sda6: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type ''
mount: unknown filesystem type ''
sda7: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 119.2 GiB, 128035676160 bytes, 250069680 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 1 250,069,679 250,069,679 ee GPT
GUID Partition Table detected.
Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System
/dev/sda1 2,048 616,447 614,400 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows)
/dev/sda2 616,448 819,199 202,752 EFI System partition
/dev/sda3 819,200 1,081,343 262,144 Microsoft Reserved Partition (Windows)
/dev/sda4 1,081,344 69,440,718 68,359,375 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda5 69,441,536 98,738,175 29,296,640 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda6 98,738,176 100,691,967 1,953,792 Swap partition (Linux)
/dev/sda7 100,691,968 250,068,991 149,377,024 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 976,773,167 976,773,167 ee GPT
GUID Partition Table detected.
Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System
/dev/sdb1 10,240 195,311,615 195,301,376 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sdb2 195,311,616 976,773,119 781,461,504 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/sda1 B0EA1359EA131B64 ntfs Recovery
/dev/sda2 C814-23EC vfat
/dev/sda3
/dev/sda4 6A1016BD10169065 ntfs
/dev/sda5 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4 ext4
/dev/sda6
/dev/sda7 86e26b30-af5a-47a9-a57d-cddf785e1979 ext4
/dev/sdb1 5DC0908E72D3BB2A ntfs
/dev/sdb2 760630a7-223f-42e4-aecf-de92e32f12b9 ext4
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/sda2 /boot/efi vfat (rw)
/dev/sda5 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/sda7 /home ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb1 /windows fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096)
/dev/sdb2 /store ext4 (rw)
=========================== sda5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt5 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt5 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=-1
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=10
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=10
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
#set_background_image "images/tile.png";
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 0,0,0; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt5 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt5 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-24-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-24-generic-advanced-78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt5 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt5 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-24-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-24-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-24-generic-recovery-78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt5 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt5 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-24-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4 ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-24-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-23-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-23-generic-advanced-78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt5 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt5 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-23-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-23-generic root=UUID=78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-23-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.16.0-23-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-23-generic-recovery-78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt5 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt5 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.16.0-23-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-23-generic root=UUID=78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4 ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-23-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-C814-23EC' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 C814-23EC
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root C814-23EC
fi
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=============================== sda5/etc/fstab: ================================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=78cc8ade-c36b-4014-b646-5bac48afc5e4 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=C814-23EC /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
# /home was on /dev/sda7 during installation
UUID=86e26b30-af5a-47a9-a57d-cddf785e1979 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# /store was on /dev/sdb3 during installation
UUID=760630a7-223f-42e4-aecf-de92e32f12b9 /store ext4 defaults 0 2
# /windows was on /dev/sdb2 during installation
UUID=5DC0908E72D3BB2A /windows ntfs defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0 0
# swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation
#UUID=cbb28490-4a70-45a0-982f-894bd526a139 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sda5: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ========================
Unknown BootLoader on sda2
00000000 eb 58 90 4d 53 44 4f 53 35 2e 30 00 02 02 0e 1a |.X.MSDOS5.0.....|
00000010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 68 09 00 |........?....h..|
00000020 00 18 03 00 f9 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |................|
00000030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000040 80 01 29 ec 23 14 c8 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).#..NO NAME |
00000050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 33 c9 8e d1 bc f4 | FAT32 3.....|
00000060 7b 8e c1 8e d9 bd 00 7c 88 56 40 88 4e 02 8a 56 |{......|[email protected]|
00000070 40 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 72 10 81 fb 55 aa 75 0a |@.A..U..r...U.u.|
00000080 f6 c1 01 74 05 fe 46 02 eb 2d 8a 56 40 b4 08 cd |...t..F..-.V@...|
00000090 13 73 05 b9 ff ff 8a f1 66 0f b6 c6 40 66 0f b6 |.s......f...@f..|
000000a0 d1 80 e2 3f f7 e2 86 cd c0 ed 06 41 66 0f b7 c9 |...?.......Af...|
000000b0 66 f7 e1 66 89 46 f8 83 7e 16 00 75 39 83 7e 2a |f..f.F..~..u9.~*|
000000c0 00 77 33 66 8b 46 1c 66 83 c0 0c bb 00 80 b9 01 |.w3f.F.f........|
000000d0 00 e8 2c 00 e9 a8 03 a1 f8 7d 80 c4 7c 8b f0 ac |..,......}..|...|
000000e0 84 c0 74 17 3c ff 74 09 b4 0e bb 07 00 cd 10 eb |..t.<.t.........|
000000f0 ee a1 fa 7d eb e4 a1 7d 80 eb df 98 cd 16 cd 19 |...}...}........|
00000100 66 60 80 7e 02 00 0f 84 20 00 66 6a 00 66 50 06 |f`.~.... .fj.fP.|
00000110 53 66 68 10 00 01 00 b4 42 8a 56 40 8b f4 cd 13 |Sfh.....B.V@....|
00000120 66 58 66 58 66 58 66 58 eb 33 66 3b 46 f8 72 03 |fXfXfXfX.3f;F.r.|
00000130 f9 eb 2a 66 33 d2 66 0f b7 4e 18 66 f7 f1 fe c2 |..*f3.f..N.f....|
00000140 8a ca 66 8b d0 66 c1 ea 10 f7 76 1a 86 d6 8a 56 |..f..f....v....V|
00000150 40 8a e8 c0 e4 06 0a cc b8 01 02 cd 13 66 61 0f |@............fa.|
00000160 82 74 ff 81 c3 00 02 66 40 49 75 94 c3 42 4f 4f |[email protected]|
00000170 54 4d 47 52 20 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |TMGR ........|
00000180 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000001a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d 0a 44 69 |..............Di|
000001b0 73 6b 20 65 72 72 6f 72 ff 0d 0a 50 72 65 73 73 |sk error...Press|
000001c0 20 61 6e 79 20 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 74 | any key to rest|
000001d0 61 72 74 0d 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |art.............|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ac 01 b9 01 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-h8SEFDlK/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
我提请你注意以下摘录：
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Grub Legacy0.97 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector
74500216 on boot drive #1 for the stage2 file. A stage2 file is at this
location on /dev/sda. Stage2 looks on partition #5 for
/boot/grub/menu.lst..
这看起来完全正确，从 sdb 启动应该从 sda5 加载 Ubuntu 的根目录。
所以 GRUB是安装和是找对地方了，但什么都没启动。可能是什么问题？谢谢。