我刚刚从 Stretch 升级到 Buster，apache2 和 ssh 这两个服务在启动时加载延迟，在某些情况下我必须登录或手动启动它们才能工作。我对 mariadb 或启动时运行的任何其他服务没有任何问题。这只是终端；没有安装桌面环境。这是怎么回事？
我还尝试了全新安装 Stretch，一开始就没有安装 apache 和 ssh，然后我升级到 Buster，安装了 apache 和 ssh，一切都按预期运行。
在这里你可以看到我从“坏机器”的 journactl 导出的日志的一部分：
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB 10.3.12 database server...
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started Permit User Sessions.
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster kernel: battery: ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT0] (battery present)
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started Getty on tty1.
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Reached target Login Prompts.
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster kernel: snd_intel8x0 0000:00:1f.4: intel8x0_measure_ac97_clock: measured 58452 usecs (2807 samples)
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster kernel: snd_intel8x0 0000:00:1f.4: clocking to 48000
Feb 13 21:55:56 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Reached target Sound Card.
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster mysqld[500]: 2019-02-13 21:55:57 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.3.12-MariaDB-2) starting as process 500 ...
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster /etc/mysql/debian-start[533]: Upgrading MySQL tables if necessary.
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 10.3.12 database server.
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster /etc/mysql/debian-start[537]: /usr/bin/mysql_upgrade: the '--basedir' option is always ignored
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster /etc/mysql/debian-start[537]: Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/bin/mysql
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster /etc/mysql/debian-start[537]: Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/bin/mysqlcheck
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster /etc/mysql/debian-start[537]: This installation of MySQL is already upgraded to 10.3.12-MariaDB, use --force if you still need to run mysql_upgrade
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster /etc/mysql/debian-start[546]: Checking for insecure root accounts.
Feb 13 21:55:57 vm-debian-buster /etc/mysql/debian-start[550]: Triggering myisam-recover for all MyISAM tables and aria-recover for all Aria tables
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster login[416]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user root by LOGIN(uid=0)
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Created slice User Slice of UID 0.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting User Runtime Directory /run/user/0...
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd-logind[409]: New session 1 of user root.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started User Runtime Directory /run/user/0.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting User Manager for UID 0...
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: pam_unix(systemd-user:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Listening on GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache (restricted).
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Listening on GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Reached target Paths.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Reached target Timers.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Listening on GnuPG network certificate management daemon.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Listening on GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation).
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Listening on GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache (access for web browsers).
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Reached target Sockets.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Reached target Basic System.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Reached target Default.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[586]: Startup finished in 31ms.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 0.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started Session 1 of user root.
Feb 13 21:56:01 vm-debian-buster login[596]: ROOT LOGIN on '/dev/tty1'
Feb 13 21:56:03 vm-debian-buster dhclient[377]: DHCPDISCOVER on enp0s5 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
Feb 13 21:56:03 vm-debian-buster sh[321]: DHCPDISCOVER on enp0s5 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
Feb 13 21:56:05 vm-debian-buster dhclient[377]: DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.39 from 192.168.1.1
Feb 13 21:56:05 vm-debian-buster sh[321]: DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.39 from 192.168.1.1
Feb 13 21:56:05 vm-debian-buster sh[321]: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.39 on enp0s5 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
Feb 13 21:56:05 vm-debian-buster dhclient[377]: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.1.39 on enp0s5 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
Feb 13 21:56:06 vm-debian-buster dhclient[377]: DHCPACK of 192.168.1.39 from 192.168.1.1
Feb 13 21:56:06 vm-debian-buster sh[321]: DHCPACK of 192.168.1.39 from 192.168.1.1
Feb 13 21:56:06 vm-debian-buster dhclient[377]: bound to 192.168.1.39 -- renewal in 32966 seconds.
Feb 13 21:56:06 vm-debian-buster sh[321]: bound to 192.168.1.39 -- renewal in 32966 seconds.
Feb 13 21:56:06 vm-debian-buster sh[321]: enp0s5=enp0s5
Feb 13 21:56:27 vm-debian-buster systemd-timesyncd[297]: Synchronized to time server 91.220.110.117:123 (2.debian.pool.ntp.org).
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: ssh.service: Start-pre operation timed out. Terminating.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: apache2.service: Start operation timed out. Terminating.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: ssh.service: Control process exited, code=killed, status=15/TERM
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: ssh.service: Failed with result 'timeout'.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Failed to start OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: apache2.service: Control process exited, code=killed, status=15/TERM
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: apache2.service: Failed with result 'timeout'.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Reached target Multi-User System.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Reached target Graphical Interface.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes...
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service: Succeeded.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes.
Feb 13 21:57:26 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Startup finished in 3.315s (kernel) + 1min 30.755s (userspace) = 1min 34.071s.
Feb 13 21:57:27 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: ssh.service: Service RestartSec=100ms expired, scheduling restart.
Feb 13 21:57:27 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: ssh.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 1.
Feb 13 21:57:27 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Stopped OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
Feb 13 21:57:27 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
Feb 13 21:57:59 vm-debian-buster kernel: random: crng init done
Feb 13 21:57:59 vm-debian-buster kernel: random: 7 urandom warning(s) missed due to ratelimiting
Feb 13 21:57:59 vm-debian-buster sshd[626]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Feb 13 21:57:59 vm-debian-buster sshd[626]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Feb 13 21:57:59 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
Feb 13 22:07:54 vm-debian-buster sshd[641]: Accepted password for root from 192.168.1.37 port 53507 ssh2
Feb 13 22:07:54 vm-debian-buster sshd[641]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Feb 13 22:07:54 vm-debian-buster systemd-logind[409]: New session 3 of user root.
Feb 13 22:07:54 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started Session 3 of user root.
Feb 13 22:09:01 vm-debian-buster CRON[652]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Feb 13 22:09:01 vm-debian-buster CRON[653]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php/sessionclean ] && if [ ! -d /run/systemd/system ]; then /usr/lib/php/sessionclean; fi)
Feb 13 22:09:01 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting Clean php session files...
Feb 13 22:09:01 vm-debian-buster CRON[652]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Feb 13 22:09:02 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: phpsessionclean.service: Succeeded.
Feb 13 22:09:02 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started Clean php session files.
Feb 13 22:11:16 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Starting Cleanup of Temporary Directories...
Feb 13 22:11:16 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service: Succeeded.
Feb 13 22:11:16 vm-debian-buster systemd[1]: Started Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
Feb 13 22:17:01 vm-debian-buster CRON[734]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Feb 13 22:17:01 vm-debian-buster CRON[735]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Feb 13 22:17:01 vm-debian-buster CRON[734]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
答案1
问题解决了。我在评论中阅读了@AB 链接的帖子。 当我登录时，它会挂起，直到 crng init 完成
我发现我也有同样的问题。我检查了“损坏的机器”和“全新安装的机器”之间的内核版本，我注意到它们是不同的。我咆哮命令易于更新并且有很多可升级的软件包，包括内核、apache 和 ssh。更新后一切恢复正常。