系统规格

系统规格

最近,我在正常会话中使用笔记本电脑,突然,网络接口停止工作。我手动关闭系统(无法通过 LXDE 或终端执行此操作),希望在下一个会话中修复问题。
然而在启动过程中,出现了几个错误:

  • 启动网络时间同步失败
  • 无法启动 Raise 网络接口
  • 等待设备 dev-di 超时
  • 无法启动灯光显示管理器
  • 无法启动 OpenSSD Secure Shell 服务器
  • ... ETC ...

当到达登录屏幕时(由于 GUI 停止工作,通过终端),它不断地循环询问用户名,这阻止了我访问系统并尝试解决问题:

我找到了一些可能有帮助的教程。但是,所有这些都需要记录才能访问配置文件。因此,我有点卡住了。

有任何想法吗?


系统规格

笔记本网关NE56R

  • Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU B820 @ 1.70GHz(2 核)2MB L3 高速缓存 64 位处理
  • 英特尔(R) 高清显卡
  • 8Gb DDR3 SDRAM 内存
  • 128MB共享显存

 

德安·斯特雷奇

  • 软件选择
    ( ) Debian 桌面环境
    ( ) ... GNOME
    ( ) ... Xfce
    ( ) ... KDE
    ( ) ... Cinnamon
    ( ) ... MATE
    (X) ... LXDE
    (X) Web 服务器
    ( X) 打印服务器
    ( ) SSH 服务器
    (X) 标准系统实用程序

跟进

现场CD
我刚刚通过官方 Debian Live CD lxde
看起来所有硬件都工作正常,考虑到我可以浏览网页并且硬盘上没有发现错误:

root@debian:~# fsck /dev/sda1
fsck from util-linux 2.29.2
e2fsck 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
/dev/sda1: clean, 208700/19021824 files, 36045002/76087040 blocks   

也可以通过安装硬盘磁盘应用程序:

Assessment    Disk is OK (30° C / 86° F)
Device        /dev/sda1
Contents      Mounted at /hddtest

 

调试:日志文件

root@debian:~# ls -lart /hddtest/var/log
total 10980
drwx------  2 speech-dispatcher root    4096 Aug  7  2017 speech-dispatcher
drwxr-xr-x  3 root              root    4096 Jul  7  2018 hp
drwxr-xr-x  3 root              root    4096 Jul  7  2018 installer
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root    4847 Jul 26  2018 alternatives.log.7.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   91559 Jul 26  2018 dpkg.log.7.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root     361 Sep  1 02:05 alternatives.log.6.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root    8492 Sep  1 02:05 dpkg.log.6.gz
drwxr-xr-x 12 root              root    4096 Sep 14 15:44 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root     501 Sep 29 05:42 alternatives.log.5.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root    8915 Sep 29 05:42 dpkg.log.5.gz
drwxr-xr-x  2 root              root    4096 Oct  1 03:06 dbconfig-common
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root     556 Oct 15 02:00 alternatives.log.4.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root    1295 Oct 18 18:19 dpkg.log.4.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root     285 Nov 30 13:57 alternatives.log.3.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   32032 Nov 30 14:35 faillog
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root    8989 Nov 30 14:36 dpkg.log.3.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root     261 Dec 30 02:33 alternatives.log.2.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root    2381 Dec 30 02:33 dpkg.log.2.gz
-rw-rw-r--  1 root              utmp  292292 Jan 12 08:18 lastlog
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   15572 Jan 16 04:41 dpkg.log.1
-rw-------  1 root              utmp     768 Jan 18 08:19 btmp.1
-rw-rw-r--  1 root              utmp   26880 Jan 22 05:47 wtmp.1
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root     464 Feb  1 09:18 alternatives.log.1
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     2724 Feb  2 12:13 debug.4.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    72135 Feb  3 01:02 kern.log.4.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     5899 Feb  3 01:39 auth.log.4.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     6734 Feb  3 02:07 user.log.4.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    79151 Feb  3 02:07 messages.4.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    29536 Feb  3 02:07 daemon.log.4.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root    3140 Feb  4 19:03 fontconfig.log
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     5968 Feb  8 17:25 debug.3.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   120159 Feb 10 00:19 kern.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     7759 Feb 10 01:39 auth.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     9313 Feb 10 02:08 user.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   123322 Feb 10 02:08 messages.3.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    63724 Feb 10 02:08 daemon.log.3.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     7065 Feb 16 17:13 debug.2.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     8061 Feb 17 02:39 auth.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   120942 Feb 17 03:03 kern.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm     8048 Feb 17 03:05 user.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    51792 Feb 17 03:05 daemon.log.2.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   120647 Feb 17 03:05 messages.2.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root     879 Feb 19 14:06 alternatives.log
drwxr-xr-x  2 root              root    4096 Feb 19 14:07 wicd
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    53456 Feb 20 03:06 syslog.7.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    40401 Feb 21 03:06 syslog.6.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    15238 Feb 22 03:06 syslog.5.gz
drwxr-xr-x  2 root              root    4096 Feb 22 15:01 apt
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root  117117 Feb 22 15:02 dpkg.log
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   186472 Feb 23 03:05 syslog.4.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   210730 Feb 23 13:51 debug.1
-rw-------  1 root              utmp    1152 Feb 23 19:18 btmp
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   136127 Feb 24 02:39 auth.log.1
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm  1727437 Feb 24 02:41 kern.log.1
drwxr-xr-x  2               119  125    4096 Feb 24 03:08 clamav
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm  1041864 Feb 24 03:08 daemon.log.1
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   133376 Feb 24 03:08 user.log.1
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   128037 Feb 24 03:08 syslog.3.gz
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm  1643189 Feb 24 03:08 messages.1
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   32111 Feb 24 11:31 Xorg.2.log.old
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   30462 Feb 24 12:44 Xorg.2.log
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    57155 Feb 25 03:06 syslog.2.gz
drwxr-x---  2 root              adm     4096 Feb 26 03:07 apache2
drwxr-xr-x  2 root              root    4096 Feb 26 03:07 cups
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   718763 Feb 26 03:07 syslog.1
drwxr-s---  2               118 adm     4096 Feb 26 03:07 mysql
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   30002 Feb 26 20:05 Xorg.1.log.old
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   53701 Feb 26 20:37 Xorg.0.log.old
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   126670 Feb 26 20:38 debug
drwxr-xr-x 13 root              root    4096 Feb 26 21:41 .
drwx--x--x  2 root              root    4096 Feb 26 21:41 lightdm
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   30001 Feb 26 22:41 Xorg.1.log
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    42648 Feb 27 02:05 user.log
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   905620 Feb 27 02:39 messages
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   997117 Feb 27 02:39 kern.log
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm    64229 Feb 27 02:39 auth.log
-rw-rw-r--  1 root              utmp  104832 Feb 27 02:39 wtmp
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   563463 Feb 27 02:39 syslog
-rw-r-----  1 root              adm   663042 Feb 27 02:39 daemon.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root              root   65656 Feb 27 02:39 Xorg.0.log

 

root@debian:~# grep -i "error\|warning\|panic" /var/log/syslog
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [    0.348055] acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC failed (AE_ERROR); disabling ASPM
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [    8.131872] random: 7 urandom warning(s) missed due to ratelimiting
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [   37.766759] usb 2-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [   38.370763] usb 2-1.2: device not accepting address 4, error -32
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979722] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000428-0x000000000000042F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000400-0x000000000000047F (\PMIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979736] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000540-0x000000000000054F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000500-0x0000000000000563 (\GPIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979742] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000530-0x000000000000053F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000500-0x0000000000000563 (\GPIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979749] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000500-0x000000000000052F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000500-0x0000000000000563 (\GPIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost lightdm[737]: Error getting user list from org.freedesktop.Accounts: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.freedesktop.Accounts was not provided by any .service files
Feb 27 23:40:18 localhost lightdm[737]: Could not enumerate user data directory /var/lib/lightdm/data: Error opening directory '/var/lib/lightdm/data': No such file or directory
Feb 27 23:40:43 localhost lightdm[931]: Error getting user list from org.freedesktop.Accounts: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.freedesktop.Accounts was not provided by any .service files
Feb 27 23:53:41 localhost kernel: [  861.965399] sr 2:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#1 Sense Key : Medium Error [deferred] 
Feb 27 23:53:41 localhost kernel: [  861.965406] sr 2:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#1 Add. Sense: L-EC uncorrectable error
Feb 27 23:53:41 localhost kernel: [  861.965419] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 256564
Feb 27 23:53:48 localhost kernel: [  868.983900] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: errors=remount-ro

 

root@debian:~# grep -i "error\|warning\|panic" /var/log/kern.log
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [    0.348055] acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC failed (AE_ERROR); disabling ASPM
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [    8.131872] random: 7 urandom warning(s) missed due to ratelimiting
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [   37.766759] usb 2-1.2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
Feb 27 23:40:11 localhost kernel: [   38.370763] usb 2-1.2: device not accepting address 4, error -32
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979722] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000428-0x000000000000042F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000400-0x000000000000047F (\PMIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979736] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000540-0x000000000000054F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000500-0x0000000000000563 (\GPIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979742] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000530-0x000000000000053F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000500-0x0000000000000563 (\GPIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:40:17 localhost kernel: [   57.979749] ACPI Warning: SystemIO range 0x0000000000000500-0x000000000000052F conflicts with OpRegion 0x0000000000000500-0x0000000000000563 (\GPIO) (20160831/utaddress-247)
Feb 27 23:53:41 localhost kernel: [  861.965399] sr 2:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#1 Sense Key : Medium Error [deferred] 
Feb 27 23:53:41 localhost kernel: [  861.965406] sr 2:0:0:0: [sr0] tag#1 Add. Sense: L-EC uncorrectable error
Feb 27 23:53:41 localhost kernel: [  861.965419] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 256564
Feb 27 23:53:48 localhost kernel: [  868.983900] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: errors=remount-ro

 

缺少/bin目录

系统无法启动,因为它的/bin目录丢失(至少)。该目录通常包含mount启动所需的重要二进制文件,例如。

 

解决方案

尝试恢复的一些方法/bin

  • 看看/lost+found(可惜是空的)
  • /bin从 Live CD 复制

令人惊讶的是,从 Live CD复制后,/bin系统可以正常启动没有任何显示错误信息。
虽然从 Live CD 复制二进制文件是可行的,但它是陌生的东西。因此,建议重新安装。

 

当前状态

目前尚不清楚该/bin目录丢失的原因。一种可能的解释是,不久前,出现了磁盘满导致系统崩溃的问题(垃圾变得太大而未被注意到:不知道 lxde 不会限制这一点)。我以为我已经克服了它:我清空了垃圾箱并删除了一些不重要的损坏文件。之后,计算机运行良好几天,直到网络接口突然崩溃,迫使我按照最初的帖子中的说明进行硬重置。

整个磁盘崩溃可能是丢失的原因吗/bin
如果不是,还能是什么?如何找出?

答案1

您的系统无法启动,因为它的/bin目录丢失(至少)。该目录通常包含mount启动所需的重要二进制文件,例如。它是如何丢失的很难说,但是你的syslog(根据你问题中的目录列表,它实际上应该在 2 月 27 日 02:39 结束)或其他相邻的日志文件可能会揭示一些线索(这些没有被 Live 触及)光盘)。您具体什么时候开始遇到问题?如果日志中完全没有任何内容,那么我怀疑硬盘或控制器出现间歇性故障。fsck报道称/dev/sda1 干净的与此理论不一致,但它可能已在较早的启动尝试中修复。您可能会尝试/bin从中恢复/lost+found(如果该目录中有任何内容),但重新安装可能会更简单。另外,在信任任何重要的事情之前,我会从 Live 系统对该 HDD 进行一些压力测试。 (想想多次提取和删除 Linux 源代码树等​​等。)

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