编辑 1-这是 Benjamin Dubois 建议的命令的 smartctl 输出：
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-21-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 2.5" HDD MQ01ABD...
Device Model: TOSHIBA MQ01ABD100
Serial Number: 95OCPKKHT
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 682706816
Firmware Version: AX1P2C
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu Oct 13 03:02:49 2016 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 113) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 208) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0027 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0023 100 100 002 Pre-fail Always - 1775
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1104
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 075 075 010 Pre-fail Always - 4240
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0025 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 090 090 000 Old_age Always - 4219
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 122 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1093
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 2
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
185 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 65535
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 936
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 099 000 Old_age Always - 2
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 059 045 040 Old_age Always - 41 (Min/Max 28/44)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 110
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 458759
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 15163
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 059 045 040 Old_age Always - 41 (Min/Max 28/44)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 472
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1568
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 936 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 936 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 41 38 f8 01 f4 40 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 40 c8 7c 07 40 00 07:23:06.682 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 38 f8 01 f4 40 00 07:23:06.682 READ FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 28 00 e8 b3 40 00 07:23:06.682 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 20 00 60 60 40 00 07:23:06.682 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 07:23:06.681 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
Error 935 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 41 68 f8 01 f4 40 Error: WP at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 10 70 50 83 bc 40 00 07:23:06.588 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 68 f8 01 f4 40 00 07:23:02.888 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 60 f0 01 f4 40 00 07:23:02.888 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 58 e8 01 f4 40 00 07:23:02.888 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 50 e0 01 f4 40 00 07:23:02.888 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 934 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 41 48 f8 01 f4 40 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 a0 58 80 32 0d 40 00 07:23:02.776 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 80 50 c8 7c 07 40 00 07:22:59.076 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 48 a8 01 f4 40 00 07:22:59.064 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 40 20 e9 f0 40 00 07:22:59.063 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 38 18 e9 f0 40 00 07:22:59.063 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 933 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 41 58 f8 01 f4 40 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 88 b0 c8 19 0d 40 00 06:51:49.011 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 a8 d8 ee f0 40 00 06:51:48.982 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 d8 a0 58 fd 06 40 00 06:51:45.497 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 98 40 1a be 40 00 06:51:45.497 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 90 00 b4 08 40 00 06:51:45.486 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 932 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 41 98 f8 01 f4 40 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 f8 40 70 ee 0a 40 00 06:51:42.395 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 b0 38 20 9d 08 40 00 06:51:41.060 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 80 30 30 65 0d 40 00 06:51:41.051 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 80 28 f0 2a 36 40 00 06:51:41.048 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 28 20 90 e7 bb 40 00 06:51:41.048 READ FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 10% 4216 1374940408
# 2 Short captive Interrupted (host reset) 90% 4210 -
# 3 Short offline Completed: read failure 10% 4210 1374940408
# 4 Extended captive Completed: read failure 90% 4210 1374940408
# 5 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 4209 1374940408
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1451 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1063 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 862 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 647 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 547 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 436 -
#12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 284 -
#13 Short offline Completed without error 00% 171 -
#14 Short offline Completed without error 00% 89 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
好的，首先，我认为这是由于硬盘损坏造成的。我在一台 HP Pavilion 笔记本电脑上运行 Linux Mint，文件系统为 ext4。
这是双启动，Windows 10 运行完全正常。我现在从 win10 发布此内容。
第一次出现错误时，我使用实时 USB 备份了文件，并使用 gparted 运行了 acheck。运行了大约 7 小时后，我决定终止该进程并重新安装 Mint。
到目前为止一切正常，直到第二天，我已经重新安装了大部分应用程序，但突然在编译软件时再次出现只读文件系统错误。我再次运行检查，纠正了一些 inode 错误，这次 mint 重新启动正常。这种情况重复了几次。
dmesg 输出充斥着我的 wifi 适配器（Realtek）的 PCIE 端口错误，这些错误大多是虚假的（我在之前的安装中也遇到过这种情况，并且不得不在 grub 配置文件中使用 pci=nomsi 进行修复。这似乎是一个常见问题，我在网上其他地方的 HP 笔记本电脑和 realtek 适配器上也看到过这种情况）关键是我在这团乱麻中什么也找不到。
那么我的问题是：
有没有更好的方法来优化 dmesg 输出？我想我应该用 grep 来管道它，但不确定我应该使用哪个关键字来仅显示有关硬盘的信息。
如果硬盘被破坏了，我的win 10安装还能正常工作吗？是否可以在windows下或使用live key检查它是否损坏？
- 检查我的启动分区是否安全？我还没有检查过。
- 使用 ext3 重新安装会产生可预见的差异吗？
抱歉，问题比较基础，我使用 Linux 才一个多月。
答案1
这可能是 SMART 错误：SMART 是 HDD 自我诊断的标准，它将信息直接存储在磁盘固件上。
由于 SMART 错误直接存储在磁盘固件中，因此它们可以抵抗全新安装。
您可以使用以下命令检查磁盘的智能状态
smartctl -a /dev/sdx
来自 Linux Live CD。在 Debian 上，该软件包称为 smartmontools，在 Mint 上必须相同。
我认为 Windows 本身不处理 SMART 协议，这可能是磁盘在 Windows 下不会出现故障的原因。
如果您的驱动器出现 SMART 错误，请通过 Google 查找它们是否严重或将其发布在这里，然后备份您的数据：您的驱动器很可能很快就会出现故障......