Linux 仍为只读文件系统

Linux 仍为只读文件系统

编辑 1-这是 Benjamin Dubois 建议的命令的 smartctl 输出:

smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-21-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Toshiba 2.5" HDD MQ01ABD...
Device Model:     TOSHIBA MQ01ABD100
Serial Number:    95OCPKKHT
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 682706816
Firmware Version: AX1P2C
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Oct 13 03:02:49 2016 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity
                    was completed without error.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 113) The previous self-test completed having
                    the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (  120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    No Auto Offline data collection support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    No Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 208) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0027   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0023   100   100   002    Pre-fail  Always       -       1775
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1104
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   075   075   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       4240
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002f   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0025   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   090   090   000    Old_age   Always       -       4219
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   122   100   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1093
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       2
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0033   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
185 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       65535
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       936
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       2
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   059   045   040    Old_age   Always       -       41 (Min/Max 28/44)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       110
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       458759
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       15163
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   059   045   040    Old_age   Always       -       41 (Min/Max 28/44)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       472
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1568
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 936 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
    CR = Command Register [HEX]
    FR = Features Register [HEX]
    SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
    SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
    CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
    CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
    DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
    DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
    ER = Error register [HEX]
    ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 936 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 41 38 f8 01 f4 40  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 08 40 c8 7c 07 40 00      07:23:06.682  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 38 f8 01 f4 40 00      07:23:06.682  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 08 28 00 e8 b3 40 00      07:23:06.682  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 08 20 00 60 60 40 00      07:23:06.682  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00      07:23:06.681  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]

Error 935 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 41 68 f8 01 f4 40  Error: WP at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  61 10 70 50 83 bc 40 00      07:23:06.588  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 68 f8 01 f4 40 00      07:23:02.888  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 60 f0 01 f4 40 00      07:23:02.888  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 58 e8 01 f4 40 00      07:23:02.888  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 50 e0 01 f4 40 00      07:23:02.888  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 934 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 41 48 f8 01 f4 40  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 a0 58 80 32 0d 40 00      07:23:02.776  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 80 50 c8 7c 07 40 00      07:22:59.076  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 48 a8 01 f4 40 00      07:22:59.064  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 40 20 e9 f0 40 00      07:22:59.063  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 38 18 e9 f0 40 00      07:22:59.063  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 933 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 41 58 f8 01 f4 40  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 88 b0 c8 19 0d 40 00      06:51:49.011  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 a8 d8 ee f0 40 00      06:51:48.982  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 d8 a0 58 fd 06 40 00      06:51:45.497  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 98 40 1a be 40 00      06:51:45.497  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 90 00 b4 08 40 00      06:51:45.486  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 932 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4206 hours (175 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 41 98 f8 01 f4 40  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00f401f8 = 15991288

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 f8 40 70 ee 0a 40 00      06:51:42.395  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 b0 38 20 9d 08 40 00      06:51:41.060  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 80 30 30 65 0d 40 00      06:51:41.051  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 80 28 f0 2a 36 40 00      06:51:41.048  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 28 20 90 e7 bb 40 00      06:51:41.048  READ FPDMA QUEUED

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       10%      4216         1374940408
# 2  Short captive       Interrupted (host reset)      90%      4210         -
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       10%      4210         1374940408
# 4  Extended captive    Completed: read failure       90%      4210         1374940408
# 5  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      4209         1374940408
# 6  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1451         -
# 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1063         -
# 8  Short offline       Completed without error       00%       862         -
# 9  Short offline       Completed without error       00%       647         -
#10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%       547         -
#11  Short offline       Completed without error       00%       436         -
#12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%       284         -
#13  Short offline       Completed without error       00%       171         -
#14  Short offline       Completed without error       00%        89         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

好的,首先,我认为这是由于硬盘损坏造成的。我在一台 HP Pavilion 笔记本电脑上运行 Linux Mint,文件系统为 ext4。

这是双启动,Windows 10 运行完全正常。我现在从 win10 发布此内容。

第一次出现错误时,我使用实时 USB 备份了文件,并使用 gparted 运行了 acheck。运行了大约 7 小时后,我决定终止该进程并重新安装 Mint。

到目前为止一切正常,直到第二天,我已经重新安装了大部分应用程序,但突然在编译软件时再次出现只读文件系统错误。我再次运行检查,纠正了一些 inode 错误,这次 mint 重新启动正常。这种情况重复了几次。

dmesg 输出充斥着我的 wifi 适配器(Realtek)的 PCIE 端口错误,这些错误大多是虚假的(我在之前的安装中也遇到过这种情况,并且不得不在 grub 配置文件中使用 pci=nomsi 进行修复。这似乎是一个常见问题,我在网上其他地方的 HP 笔记本电脑和 realtek 适配器上也看到过这种情况)关键是我在这团乱麻中什么也找不到。

那么我的问题是:

  • 有没有更好的方法来优化 dmesg 输出?我想我应该用 grep 来管道它,但不确定我应该使用哪个关键字来仅显示有关硬盘的信息。

  • 如果硬盘被破坏了,我的win 10安装还能正常工作吗?是否可以在windows下或使用live key检查它是否损坏?

  • 检查我的启动分区是否安全?我还没有检查过。
  • 使用 ext3 重新安装会产生可预见的差异吗?

抱歉,问题比较基础,我使用 Linux 才一个多月。


答案1

这可能是 SMART 错误:SMART 是 HDD 自我诊断的标准,它将信息直接存储在磁盘固件上。

由于 SMART 错误直接存储在磁盘固件中,因此它们可以抵抗全新安装。

您可以使用以下命令检查磁盘的智能状态

smartctl -a /dev/sdx

来自 Linux Live CD。在 Debian 上,该软件包称为 smartmontools,在 Mint 上必须相同。

我认为 Windows 本身不处理 SMART 协议,这可能是磁盘在 Windows 下不会出现故障的原因。

如果您的驱动器出现 SMART 错误,请通过 Google 查找它们是否严重或将其发布在这里,然后备份您的数据:您的驱动器很可能很快就会出现故障......

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