我的硬盘变得非常非常慢，我不知道为什么。您可以在此处查看性能：
sudo hdparm -t /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing buffered disk reads: read(2097152) returned 28672 bytes
我如何诊断我的硬盘并修复它？
我没有丢失任何数据。硬盘只是变得非常慢，我不知道为什么；（
编辑：
您还可以看到此命令的输出：
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
这里：
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-36-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: HGST Travelstar 7K1000
Device Model: HGST HTS721010A9E630
Serial Number: JG40006PGKHV1C
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 6acc7f5c5
Firmware Version: JB0OA3B0
User Capacity: 1 000 204 886 016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sun Jan 1 14:32:50 2017 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 117) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 45) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 174) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 062 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 040 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 178 178 033 Pre-fail Always - 2
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1788
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 040 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 082 082 000 Old_age Always - 8005
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1765
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x000a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 69
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 26038
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 181 181 000 Old_age Always - 33 (Min/Max 12/50)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 1
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x000a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
Warning: ATA error count 65535 inconsistent with error log pointer 2
ATA Error Count: 65535 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 65535 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 8005 hours (333 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 38 00 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000038 = 56
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 30 38 00 00 40 00 00:03:34.637 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 28 30 00 00 40 00 00:03:34.637 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 20 28 00 00 40 00 00:03:34.636 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 18 20 00 00 40 00 00:03:34.636 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 10 18 00 00 40 00 00:03:34.636 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 65534 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 8005 hours (333 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 c8 38 00 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000038 = 56
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 90 00 00 00 40 00 00:03:34.490 READ FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 88 48 38 c0 40 00 00:03:31.488 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 80 20 4e c1 40 00 00:03:31.488 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 78 c0 61 c0 40 00 00:03:31.488 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 70 20 3c c0 40 00 00:03:31.488 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error 65533 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 8005 hours (333 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 38 00 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000038 = 56
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 80 38 00 00 40 00 00:03:24.703 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 78 30 00 00 40 00 00:03:24.703 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 70 28 00 00 40 00 00:03:24.703 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 68 20 00 00 40 00 00:03:24.703 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 60 18 00 00 40 00 00:03:24.703 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 65532 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 8005 hours (333 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 c8 38 00 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000038 = 56
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 e0 00 00 00 40 00 00:03:24.547 READ FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 d8 70 52 c0 40 00 00:03:21.545 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 d0 10 38 c0 40 00 00:03:21.545 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 c8 38 a2 84 40 00 00:03:21.545 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 c0 f0 48 81 40 00 00:03:21.545 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error 65531 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 8004 hours (333 days + 12 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 38 00 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000038 = 56
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 08 58 38 00 00 40 00 01:46:52.737 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 50 30 00 00 40 00 01:46:52.737 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 48 a0 23 b4 40 00 01:46:52.721 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 08 00 28 00 00 40 00 01:46:52.720 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 01:46:52.720 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 50% 8005 56
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
附言：是的不是一个 SSD，大小为 1 To，我的 Linux 分区中有 35.9 GiB 可用空间