我们在 Fedora 25 Linux 服务器上运行 tar/gzip 备份已有一段时间了，我们希望确保 aquota.user 文件得到备份。根据 drobo-backup.conf 文件中的注释，我们得到以下信息：
# Because aquota.user cannot have its atime reset, tar will give
# an error status=2 if --atime-preserve is used when backing it up.
# We don't want to lose the backup of this file but we also don't
# want to routinely ignore tar status=2. Solution is to make
# --atime-preserve a per-backup argument and omit it when backing
# up aquota.user separately.
但是，通过 cron 运行时，电子邮件通知会返回：
/bin/tar: home/users/aquota.user: Cannot utime: Operation not permitted
/bin/tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
Backup of /home/users FAILED
Failed to rename /home-users-new.tgz to
/home-users-FAILED.tgz: File exists
Backed up /home/users/aquota.user to
/home-users-aquota.user.tgz
gzip: stdout: Input/output error
/bin/tar: Child returned status 1
/bin/tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
以下是配置文件中的选项：
tarargs= --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed
backup = /home/users --atime-preserve --exclude=aquota.user --exclude=.gvfs --exclude=--exclude-ignore-recursive=S.gpg-agent --exclude=.adobe --exclude=.config/libvirt/qemu/lib/capabilities.monitor.sock --exclude=.dropbox --exclude=home/users/*/.cache --exclude=.fontconfig --exclude=csga/*/S.gpg-agent --exclude-caches-all
backup = /home/users/aquota.user
backup = /home --atime-preserve --exclude=.gvfs --exclude=.gnupg
backup = /etc --atime-preserve
backup = /root --atime-preserve --exclude=.cache --exclude=.cache/keyring-* --exclude-caches-all
backup = /usr/local --atime-preserve
backup = /var/lib --atime-preserve --exclude=var/lib/rpm --exclude=var/lib/yum --exclude=mysql/mysql.sock --exclude=gssproxy/default.sock --exclude=samba/private/msg.sock
backup = /var/backup --atime-preserve
backup = /var/log --atime-preserve
backup = /var/spool --atime-preserve
backup = /var/www --atime-preserve
以下是完整的备份脚本：
use POSIX;
# Global variables
# Host name will be used as name of directory for backups on drobo
my($hostname)=`/bin/hostname`;
chomp($hostname);
my($configfile)="/etc/drobo-backup.conf";
my($tar)="/bin/tar"; # Path to tar utility
my($mkdir)="/bin/mkdir"; # Path to mkdir utility
my($verbose)=0;
my($testmode)=0;
sub Usage {
print "Usage: drobo-backup [-v] [-c configfile]\n";
print " -v : verbose mode";
print " -c : specify configuration file (default $configfile)";
print " -n : printd but don't execute commands (for testing config)";
exit 1;
}
# Subroutine to back up one directory to drobo
sub do_backup {
my($drobo,$args,$backup,$cond) = @_;
# The backup arg may include per-backup tar args. Strip off these
# and quotes to get at the filename
my($backuppath)=$backup;
# If quoted, remove quotes for naming. Otherwise it is required not
# not to have embedded blanks so that per-backup tar arguments may follow.
if( $backuppath =~ /^"([^"]*)"/ ) { # double quotes
$backuppath = $1;
}
elsif( $backuppath =~ /^'([^']*)'/ ) { # single quotes
$backuppath = $1;
}
elsif( $backuppath =~ /^(\S*)/ ) { # otherwise no blanks in path
$backuppath = $1;
}
if( -d $backuppath || -f $backuppath ) { # check it is a valid dir or file
my($drobodir) = "$drobo/$hostname";
# make sure the drobo subdirectory for this host exists
my($mkdircmd) = "$mkdir $drobodir";
if( $verbose ) {
print "$mkdircmd\n";
}
if( ! ($testmode || -d $drobodir) ) {
system($mkdircmd);
}
# if it did not work, bail.
if( ! ($testmode || -d $drobodir) ) {
print "Failed to create destination dir $drobodir\n";
exit 1;
}
# construct tarfile name, e.g. usr-local.tgz
my($backupfilestem) = $backuppath;
# Sanitize the tarfile name
while($backupfilestem =~ s,^/,,) { next; } # remove any leading slash(es)
while($backupfilestem =~ s,/$,,) { next; } # remove any trailing slash(es)
$backupfilestem =~ s,/,-,g; # all internal slashes become hyphens
$backupfilestem =~ s/[^-\.\w]/X/g;# all remaining non-word chars exc . become X
my($backupname)="$drobodir/$backupfilestem-new.tgz";
my($backuprename) = "$drobodir/$backupfilestem.tgz";
# $backup =~ s|/|| if $backup =~ m|^['"]?/|; # remove any leading slash
# my($tarcmd) = "$tar -C / -czf $backupname $args $backup";
my($tarcmd);
if($backup =~ m|^['"]?/|){
$backup =~ s|/||; # remove any leading slash
$tarcmd = "ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n19 $tar -czf $backupname -C / $args $backup";
}else{
$tarcmd = "ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n19 $tar -czf $backupname $args $backup";
}
if( $cond ) {
$cond =~ s/^\[//; # remove the [ ] around condition
$cond =~ s/\]$//;
$cond =~ s/BKPATH/$backuppath/g; # convenience substitutions
$cond =~ s/TARFILE/$backuprename/g;
$cond =~ s/TARDIR/$drobodir/g;
}
if( $cond && WEXITSTATUS(system("test $cond")) != 0 ) {
if( $verbose ) {
print "Condition [$cond] tests false\n";
print "No backup of $backuppath\n";
}
}
else {
if( $verbose ) {
if( $cond ) {
print "Condition [$cond] tests true\n";
}
print "$tarcmd\n";
}
# tar returns 0 for success, 1 for warnings such as file changed while
# being copied. So we take either as meaning success. Rename foo-new.tgz
# to the (usually existing) foo.tgz. N.B. system() returns status<<8.
if( !$testmode ) {
if( WEXITSTATUS(system($tarcmd)) >= 2 ) {
print "\nBackup of $backuppath FAILED\n\n";
# to avoid bad backup being renamed to good in second try, call it bad
$backuprename = "$drobodir/$backupfilestem-FAILED.tgz";
}
if( rename("$backupname","$backuprename") ) {
print "Backed up $backuppath to $backuprename\n";
}
else {
print "Failed to rename $backupname to $backuprename: $!\n";
}
}
}
}
else {
print "$backuppath is not a directory or file\n";
}
}
# default arguments to use on every backup
my($tarargs)="--atime-preserve --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed";
# set default drobopath according network
my($drobopath)="/domain/subdomain"; # cis value
if($hostname =~ /\.our\.domain\.edu/) {
$drobopath="/domain/subdomain"; # dsm value
}
# Process command line arguments
while(@ARGV) {
if( $ARGV[0] eq "-c" ) { # -c configfile
shift (@ARGV);
if(@ARGV) {
$configfile = $ARGV[0];
}
else {
Usage();
}
}
elsif( $ARGV[0] eq "-v" ) { # -v (verbose mode)
++$verbose;
}
elsif( $ARGV[0] eq "-n" ) { # -n (no-exec mode)
$testmode = 1;
}
else { # unrecognized argument
Usage();
}
shift (@ARGV);
}
open(CONFIGFILE,$configfile) || die("Cannot open configfile $configfile: $!");
if($verbose) {
print "Reading configfile $configfile\n";
}
my(@backup);
my(%condition);
my($configline) = 0;
foreach (<CONFIGFILE>) {
$configline++;
if( /^\s*#/ || /^\s*$/ ) { # skip blank & comment lines (first nonblank is #)
next;
}
# drobo=/path/to/drobo
if( /^\s*drobo\s*=\s*(.*)$/ ) {
$drobopath=$1;
}
# tarargs=global tar arguments
elsif( /^\s*tarargs\s*=\s*(.*)$/ ) {
$tarargs=$1;
}
# backup [condition] =/path/for/backup [tar args]
elsif( /^\s*backup\s*(\[[^\]]*\])?\s*=\s*(.*)$/ ) {
push(@backup,$2);
if( $1 ) {
$condition{$2} = $1;
}
}
else {
print "Unknown config directive at line $configline in $configfile:\n";
print;
exit 1;
}
}
close(CONFIGFILE);
my($path);
foreach $path (@backup) {
do_backup($drobopath,$tarargs,$path,$condition{$path});
}
# For unknown reason, rename of some files often fails. Try again here.
foreach $tarfile ( glob("$drobopath/$hostname/*-new.tgz") ) {
$rename_name = $tarfile;
$rename_name =~ s/-new\.tgz$/.tgz/;
if( rename($tarfile,$rename_name) ) {
print "Second try renamed $tarfile to $rename_name\n";
}
}
答案1
这是测试模式下命令的输出。不确定为什么--exclude=aquota.user第一个tar命令会失败。
/usr/local/sbin/drobo-backup -c /etc/drobo-backup.conf -v -n
Reading configfile /etc/drobo-backup.conf
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/home-users-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz home/users --atime-preserve --exclude=aquota.user --exclude=.gvfs --exclude=S.gpg-agent --exclude=.adobe --exclude=.dropbox --exclude=.cache --exclude-caches-all
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/home-users-aquota.user-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz home/users/aquota.user
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/home-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz home --atime-preserve --exclude=.gvfs --exclude=.gnupg --exclude=aquota.user
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/etc-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz etc --atime-preserve
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/root-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz root --atime-preserve --exclude=.cache --exclude=.cache/keyring-* --exclude-caches-all
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/usr-local-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz usr/local --atime-preserve
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/var-lib-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz var/lib --atime-preserve --exclude=var/lib/rpm --exclude=var/lib/yum --exclude=mysql/mysql.sock --exclude=gssproxy/default.sock --exclude=samba/private/msg.sock
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/var-backup-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz var/backup --atime-preserve
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/var-log-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz var/log --atime-preserve
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/var-spool-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz var/spool --atime-preserve
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/var-www-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz var/www --atime-preserve
/bin/mkdir /ourdomain
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n10 /bin/tar -cf /ourdomain/var-yp-new.tgz -C / --one-file-system --warning=no-file-ignored --warning=no-file-changed --warning=no-file-removed --use-compress-program=pigz var/yp --atime-preserve
Second try renamed /ourdomain/home-users-new.tgz to /ourdomain/home-users.tgz
编辑：我从 Gnu Tar 的一位维护者那里得到了一些帮助，这是他的回复：“排除相关选项是”位置敏感“；您需要将‘home/users’参数移至命令末尾（--exclude=aquota.user 之后）。”
因此，由于我们使用自定义脚本和配置文件，我只是将 aquota.user 作为单独的 cron 备份。