我很确定我的硬盘坏了，但之后的测试表明它基本没问题。大约 1 个月前，我的硬盘在 Windows 10 启动时卡住了大约 10 次，这损坏了我磁盘上每个操作系统的启动扇区。Windows 10 不再被视为有效的操作系统，只会启动到 BSOD。Ubuntu 加载 grub，然后在加载内核的过程中冻结。现在我磁盘上几乎所有其他操作系统都会发生这两件事。在此之前，硬盘从未卡住过，此后也从未卡住过。
硬盘和运行它的系统都用了 4 年了。除了损坏之外，没有任何迹象表明磁盘有问题。系统是东芝 Satellite S50-A。
但我最大的疑问是主板的问题、电缆/连接的问题、硬盘的问题，还是只是一次性问题。因为我出去买了一个新的 500GB 三星 SSD，我需要知道我是否可以将它放入我的系统中，而不会损坏驱动器（由于可能的主板/连接问题）。
我通过以下方式进行了磁盘基准测试：在操作系统损坏后从磁盘中提取信息，并进行了多次 Ubuntu 磁盘基准测试。在约 9 天内将约 600GB 的文件传输到全新的 1TB USB3.0 HDD 备份驱动器（Seagate Backup Plus Portable Drive SRD00F1）。外部驱动器肯定不是问题所在。除 Windows 文件夹中的特定文件夹和操作系统的引导扇区外，所有文件均未损坏。
第 4 天
第 8 天
以及合成磁盘基准测试：
最小文件读/写测试和延迟测试（NTFS）
最小文件读/写测试 (NTFS)
2 倍大最小文件读/写测试 (NTFS)
最小文件读/写测试备用分区 (EXT4)
中型文件读写测试 (EXT4)
最大文件读写测试 (EXT4)
所以我最近对磁盘进行了完整的 SMART 测试
root@ubuntu:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.13.0-21-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 2.5" HDD MQ01ABD...
Device Model: TOSHIBA MQ01ABD075
Serial Number: 53FDW2NFT
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 4c4a8512d
Firmware Version: AX0A4M
User Capacity: 750,156,374,016 bytes [750 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Feb 17 03:43:40 2018 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 189) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 2393
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 4214
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 082 082 000 Old_age Always - 7262
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 182 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3514
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2875
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 186
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 092 092 000 Old_age Always - 86269
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 31 (Min/Max 14/61)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
220 Disk_Shift 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
222 Loaded_Hours 0x0032 085 085 000 Old_age Always - 6297
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
224 Load_Friction 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
226 Load-in_Time 0x0026 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 262
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0001 100 100 001 Pre-fail Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 7261 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7258 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2743 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2731 -
# 5 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 2731 -
# 6 Extended offline Interrupted (host reset) 90% 2730 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2730 -
# 8 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 2730 -
# 9 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 2730 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2727 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2727 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
答案1
硬盘 100% 坏道。测试 HDDScan 程序的表面（验证）（http://hddscan.com/) 在 liveCD Windows 下或 DOS 下的 Victoria 程序下。在替换下。