（注意：尽管我已经回答了几个我自己的问题，但在这篇文章的底部仍然有一个未解答的问题。）
当我从 bash 命令行运行以下命令时，它可以起作用。
ssh -t -v [email protected] sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
ssh 详细输出为：
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to 192.168.29.205 ([192.168.29.205]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting [email protected]
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
debug1: Sending command: sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
完全相同的行是在 bash 脚本中，我得到
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
两个输出结果在线段处出现分歧（脚本）
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1
（命令行）
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
我不知道这种分歧是否指出了问题。
我的问题是：
为什么 ssh 从脚本运行时会查看 /root/.ssh/known_hosts，而从命令行运行时会查看 /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts？
立即回答我自己上面的问题：
好吧，当我写这篇文章的时候，分歧的答案已经很清楚了：我正在运行脚本
sudo myScript
所以我的进一步问题是：如何告诉 ssh 使用 /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts 作为 known_hosts？
回答我自己上面的问题
经过一番研究，我找到了答案https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10765946/ssh-use-known-hosts-other-than-home-ssh-known-hosts
所以现在我的命令行看起来像
ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -t -v [email protected] sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
当我前面没有 sudo 时，上面的命令行再次有效。当我在它前面使用 sudo 时，它会失败。详细输出为：
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$ sudo ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -t -v [email protected] sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
[sudo] password for my-rails-project:
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$
并且 sudo 和非 sudo 详细输出在详细列表的末尾附近出现分歧
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$
问题：
我如何告诉 ssh 使用 /home/my-rails-project/.ssh 而不是 /root/.ssh 作为我的私钥，并且仍然在目标系统上使用 sudo？
立即回答我自己上面的问题：
看着http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/ssh.1.html
因此现在 ssh 命令行是（添加一个-我选项）
ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -i /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa -t -v [email protected] sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
然后我就成功了，除了有东西（ssh？）要求输入密码。输出现在看起来像：
my-rails-project@my-rails-project:~$ sudo ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts -i /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa -t -v [email protected] sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.29.205 [192.168.29.205] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.29.205:22 as 'my-rails-project'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:EnDsn2kFQgiA56e4B2UuvDr3ajTLlN7/15lxLItnjUQ
debug1: Host '192.168.29.205' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
Enter passphrase for key '/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa':
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to 192.168.29.205 ([192.168.29.205]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting [email protected]
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
debug1: Sending command: sudo /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
问题：
我收到以下提示：
Enter passphrase for key '/home/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa':
我该如何抑制输入密码的请求？
我已设法通过修改我的两台机器（Ralph07 和 Ralph12）上的 /etc/sudoers.d/ralph 来抑制大多数密码请求
# This script should only be run on Ralph07
my-rails-project ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12
# This script should only be run on Ralph12
my-rails-project ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/my-rails-project/x/pg_rsync_ralph07_to_ralph12_finish
答案1
显示“输入密钥密码”提示是因为您的 ssh 密钥是使用密码创建的。
您可以使用以下命令从 ssh 密钥中删除密码：
ssh-keygen -p -N '' -f ~/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa
或者您可以创建一个没有密码的新密钥：
ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -b 4096 -N '' -C '' -f ~/my-rails-project/.ssh/id_rsa
您还可以查看sshpass可用于为 ssh 命令提供密码的工具，但不建议这样做，因为它会带来一些安全问题。