当我遇到以下错误时，我需要更新 matplotlib：
conda update matplotlib
Collecting package metadata: done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/gpu-server/anaconda3
added / updated specs:
- matplotlib
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
libopenblas pkgs/main/linux-64::libopenblas-0.3.3-h5a2b251_3
setuptools pkgs/main/linux-64::setuptools-40.6.3-py37_0
The following packages will be UPDATED:
matplotlib conda-forge::matplotlib-3.0.0-2 --> pkgs/main::matplotlib-3.0.2-py37h5429711_0
numpy conda-forge::numpy-1.15.1-py36_blas_o~ --> pkgs/main::numpy-1.15.4-py37h99e49ec_0
numpy-base 1.15.3-py36h81de0dd_0 --> 1.15.4-py37h2f8d375_0
pyparsing conda-forge/noarch::pyparsing-2.2.2-p~ --> pkgs/main/linux-64::pyparsing-2.3.1-py37_0
python 3.6.8-h0371630_0 --> 3.7.2-h0371630_0
pytz conda-forge/noarch::pytz-2018.6-py_0 --> pkgs/main/linux-64::pytz-2018.9-py37_0
six conda-forge::six-1.11.0-py36_1001 --> pkgs/main::six-1.12.0-py37_0
wheel conda-forge::wheel-0.32.2-py36_0 --> pkgs/main::wheel-0.32.3-py37_0
The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:
certifi conda-forge::certifi-2018.11.29-py36_~ --> pkgs/main::certifi-2018.11.29-py37_0
cycler conda-forge/noarch::cycler-0.10.0-py_1 --> pkgs/main/linux-64::cycler-0.10.0-py37_0
kiwisolver conda-forge::kiwisolver-1.0.1-py36h2d~ --> pkgs/main::kiwisolver-1.0.1-py37hf484d3e_0
pip conda-forge::pip-18.1-py36_1000 --> pkgs/main::pip-18.1-py37_0
python-dateutil conda-forge/noarch::python-dateutil-2~ --> pkgs/main/linux-64::python-dateutil-2.7.5-py37_0
sip conda-forge::sip-4.19.8-py36hfc679d8_0 --> pkgs/main::sip-4.19.8-py37hf484d3e_0
tornado conda-forge::tornado-5.1.1-py36h470a2~ --> pkgs/main::tornado-5.1.1-py37h7b6447c_0
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
pyqt 5.9.2-py36h05f1152_2 --> 5.9.2-py37h05f1152_2
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: failed
RemoveError: 'setuptools' is a dependency of conda and cannot be removed from
conda's operating environment.
之后，我尝试更新所有 conda 包、卸载 matplotlib、使用 conda 安装 setuptools，但总是出现相同的错误：
RemoveError: 'setuptools' is a dependency of conda and cannot be removed from
conda's operating environment.
似乎与 conda 的安装/更新/删除功能有关的任何事情都会导致此错误。然后我尝试卸载并使用 pip 重新安装 setuptools。重新安装成功，但问题RemoveError仍然存在。我再也不知道下面发生了什么，这是我的conda list输出conda env list。我还尝试过从基础环境切换，但错误仍然存在。
conda 列表：
(base) gpu-server@gpuserver:~$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/gpu-server/anaconda3:
#
# Name Version Build Channel
_ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf 0.1.0 py36_0
absl-py 0.6.0 py36_0 conda-forge
alabaster 0.7.12 py_0 conda-forge
algopy 0.5.7 pypi_0 pypi
anaconda-client 1.7.1 py_0 conda-forge
anaconda-navigator 1.9.2 py36_0
anaconda-project 0.8.2 py_1 conda-forge
appdirs 1.4.3 py_1 conda-forge
asn1crypto 0.24.0 py36_1003 conda-forge
astor 0.7.1 py_0 conda-forge
astroid 2.0.3 py36_0 conda-forge
astropy 3.0.5 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
atomicwrites 1.2.1 py_0 conda-forge
attrs 18.2.0 py_0 conda-forge
automat 0.7.0 py_1 conda-forge
babel 2.6.0 py_1 conda-forge
backcall 0.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
backports 1.0 py_2 conda-forge
backports.os 0.1.1 py36_1000 conda-forge
backports.shutil_get_terminal_size 1.0.0 py_3 conda-forge
beautifulsoup4 4.6.3 py36_1000 conda-forge
bitarray 0.8.3 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
bkcharts 0.2 py36_0 conda-forge
blas 1.1 openblas conda-forge
blaze 0.11.3 py36_0 conda-forge
bleach 3.0.2 pypi_0 pypi
blinker 1.4 py_1 conda-forge
blosc 1.14.4 hdbcaa40_0
bokeh 1.0.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
boto 2.49.0 py36_0
boto3 1.9.32 py_0 conda-forge
botocore 1.12.33 py_0 conda-forge
bottleneck 1.2.1 py36h7eb728f_1 conda-forge
bz2file 0.98 py_0 conda-forge
bzip2 1.0.6 h14c3975_5
c-ares 1.15.0 h470a237_0 conda-forge
ca-certificates 2018.12.5 0
cairo 1.14.12 h8948797_3
certifi 2018.11.29 py36_1000 conda-forge
cffi 1.11.5 py36h5e8e0c9_1 conda-forge
chardet 3.0.4 py36_1003 conda-forge
click 7.0 py_0 conda-forge
cloudpickle 0.6.1 py_0 conda-forge
clyent 1.2.2 py_1 conda-forge
colorama 0.4.0 py_0 conda-forge
conda 4.6.2 py36_0
conda-build 3.16.1 py36_0 conda-forge
conda-env 2.6.0 1
constantly 15.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
contextlib2 0.5.5 py_2 conda-forge
cryptography 2.4.2 py36h1ba5d50_0
cryptography-vectors 2.3.1 py36_1000 conda-forge
cuda92 1.0 0 pytorch
cudatoolkit 9.0 h13b8566_0
cudnn 7.1.2 cuda9.0_0
curl 7.63.0 hbc83047_1000
cycler 0.10.0 pypi_0 pypi
cython 0.29 py36hfc679d8_0 conda-forge
cytoolz 0.9.0.1 py36h470a237_1 conda-forge
dash 0.35.1 pypi_0 pypi
dash-core-components 0.42.1 pypi_0 pypi
dash-html-components 0.13.4 pypi_0 pypi
dash-renderer 0.17.0 pypi_0 pypi
dash-table 3.1.11 pypi_0 pypi
dask 0.20.0 py_0 conda-forge
dask-core 0.20.0 py_0 conda-forge
datashape 0.5.4 py36_0 conda-forge
dbus 1.13.2 h714fa37_1
decorator 4.3.0 py_0 conda-forge
defusedxml 0.5.0 py_1 conda-forge
distributed 1.24.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
docutils 0.14 py36_1001 conda-forge
entrypoints 0.2.3 py36_1002 conda-forge
et_xmlfile 1.0.1 py36_0 conda-forge
expat 2.2.6 he6710b0_0
fastcache 1.0.2 py36h470a237_1 conda-forge
filelock 3.0.9 py_0 conda-forge
flask 1.0.2 py_2 conda-forge
flask-compress 1.4.0 pypi_0 pypi
flask-cors 3.0.6 py_0 conda-forge
fontconfig 2.13.0 h9420a91_0
freetype 2.9.1 h8a8886c_1
fribidi 1.0.5 h7b6447c_0
gast 0.2.0 py_0 conda-forge
gensim 3.5.0 py36_0 conda-forge
get_terminal_size 1.0.0 haa9412d_0
gevent 1.3.6 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
glib 2.56.2 hd408876_0
glob2 0.6 py_0 conda-forge
gmp 6.1.2 h6c8ec71_1
gmpy2 2.0.8 py36hb705a9b_2 conda-forge
graphite2 1.3.12 h23475e2_2
greenlet 0.4.13 py36_0 conda-forge
grpcio 1.16.1 py36hf8bcb03_1
gst-plugins-base 1.14.0 hbbd80ab_1
gstreamer 1.14.0 hb453b48_1
h5py 2.8.0 py36h7eb728f_3 conda-forge
harfbuzz 1.8.8 hffaf4a1_0
hdf5 1.10.2 hba1933b_1
heapdict 1.0.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
html5lib 1.0.1 py_0 conda-forge
hyperlink 17.3.1 py_0 conda-forge
icu 58.2 h9c2bf20_1
idna 2.7 py36_1002 conda-forge
imageio 2.3.0 py_1 conda-forge
imagesize 1.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
importlib_metadata 0.6 py36_0 conda-forge
incremental 17.5.0 py_0 conda-forge
intel-openmp 2019.0 118
ipykernel 5.1.0 pyh24bf2e0_0 conda-forge
ipython 7.1.1 py36h24bf2e0_1000 conda-forge
ipython_genutils 0.2.0 py_1 conda-forge
ipywidgets 7.4.2 py_0 conda-forge
isort 4.3.4 py36_1000 conda-forge
itsdangerous 1.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
jbig 2.1 hdba287a_0
jdcal 1.4 py_1 conda-forge
jedi 0.13.1 py36_1000 conda-forge
jeepney 0.4 py_0 conda-forge
jinja2 2.10 py_1 conda-forge
jmespath 0.9.3 py_1 conda-forge
jpeg 9b h024ee3a_2
jsonschema 2.6.0 py36_1002 conda-forge
jupyter 1.0.0 py_1 conda-forge
jupyter_client 5.2.3 py_1 conda-forge
jupyter_console 6.0.0 py_0 conda-forge
jupyter_core 4.4.0 py_0 conda-forge
jupyterlab 0.35.3 py36_0 conda-forge
jupyterlab_launcher 0.13.1 py_2 conda-forge
jupyterlab_server 0.2.0 py_0 conda-forge
keras-applications 1.0.6 pypi_0 pypi
keras-preprocessing 1.0.5 pypi_0 pypi
keyring 16.0.0 py36_0 conda-forge
kiwisolver 1.0.1 py36h2d50403_2 conda-forge
krb5 1.16.1 h173b8e3_7
lazy-object-proxy 1.3.1 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
libarchive 3.3.3 h5d8350f_5
libcurl 7.63.0 h20c2e04_1000
libedit 3.1.20170329 h6b74fdf_2
libffi 3.2.1 hd88cf55_4
libgcc-ng 8.2.0 hdf63c60_1
libgfortran 3.0.0 1 conda-forge
libgfortran-ng 7.3.0 hdf63c60_0
libiconv 1.15 h470a237_3 conda-forge
libpng 1.6.36 hbc83047_0
libprotobuf 3.6.1 hd28b015_0 conda-forge
libsodium 1.0.16 h1bed415_0
libssh2 1.8.0 h1ba5d50_4
libstdcxx-ng 8.2.0 hdf63c60_1
libtiff 4.0.9 he85c1e1_2
libtool 2.4.6 h544aabb_3
libuuid 1.0.3 h1bed415_2
libxcb 1.13 h1bed415_1
libxml2 2.9.8 h26e45fe_1
libxslt 1.1.32 h1312cb7_0
llvmlite 0.25.0 py36hd28b015_1 conda-forge
locket 0.2.0 py_2 conda-forge
lxml 4.2.5 py36hc9114bc_0 conda-forge
lz4-c 1.8.1.2 h14c3975_0
lzo 2.10 h49e0be7_2
markdown 2.6.11 py_0 conda-forge
markupsafe 1.0 py36h470a237_1 conda-forge
matplotlib 3.0.0 2 conda-forge
matplotlib-base 3.0.0 py36hc039c98_2 conda-forge
mccabe 0.6.1 py_1 conda-forge
mistune 0.8.4 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
mkl 2019.0 118
mkl-service 1.1.2 py36h90e4bf4_5
mkl_fft 1.0.6 py36_0 conda-forge
mkl_random 1.0.1 py36_0 conda-forge
more-itertools 4.3.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
mpc 1.1.0 h10f8cd9_1
mpfr 4.0.1 hdf1c602_3
mpmath 1.0.0 py_1 conda-forge
msgpack-python 0.5.6 py36h2d50403_3 conda-forge
multipledispatch 0.6.0 py_0 conda-forge
navigator-updater 0.2.1 py36_0
nbconvert 5.4.0 1 conda-forge
nbformat 4.4.0 py_1 conda-forge
nccl 1.3.5 cuda9.0_0
ncurses 6.1 hf484d3e_0
networkx 2.2 py_1 conda-forge
ninja 1.8.2 h2d50403_1 conda-forge
nltk 3.2.5 py_0 conda-forge
nose 1.3.7 py36_1002 conda-forge
notebook 5.7.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
numba 0.40.0 py36hf8a1672_0 conda-forge
numdifftools 0.9.20 pypi_0 pypi
numexpr 2.6.8 py36hf8a1672_0 conda-forge
numpy 1.15.1 py36_blas_openblashd3ea46f_0 conda-forge
numpy-base 1.15.3 py36h81de0dd_0
numpydoc 0.8.0 py_1 conda-forge
oauthlib 2.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
odo 0.5.1 py_1 conda-forge
olefile 0.46 py_0 conda-forge
openblas 0.2.20 8 conda-forge
openpyxl 2.5.9 py_0 conda-forge
openssl 1.1.1a h7b6447c_0
packaging 18.0 py_0 conda-forge
pandas 0.23.4 py36hf8a1672_0 conda-forge
pandoc 1.19.2.1 hea2e7c5_1
pandocfilters 1.4.2 py_1 conda-forge
pango 1.42.4 h049681c_0
parso 0.3.1 py_0 conda-forge
partd 0.3.9 py_0 conda-forge
patchelf 0.9 hf484d3e_2
path.py 11.5.0 py_0 conda-forge
pathlib2 2.3.2 py36_1000 conda-forge
patsy 0.5.1 py_0 conda-forge
pcre 8.42 h439df22_0
pep8 1.7.1 py_0 conda-forge
pexpect 4.6.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
pickleshare 0.7.5 py36_1000 conda-forge
pillow 5.3.0 py36h34e0f95_0
pip 18.1 py36_1000 conda-forge
pixman 0.34.0 hceecf20_3
pkginfo 1.4.2 py_1 conda-forge
plotly 3.6.0 py36_0 plotly
pluggy 0.8.0 py_0 conda-forge
ply 3.11 py_1 conda-forge
prometheus_client 0.4.2 py_0 conda-forge
prompt_toolkit 2.0.6 py_0 conda-forge
protobuf 3.6.1 py36hfc679d8_1 conda-forge
psutil 5.4.7 py36h470a237_1 conda-forge
ptyprocess 0.6.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
py 1.7.0 py_0 conda-forge
pyasn1 0.4.4 py_1 conda-forge
pyasn1-modules 0.2.1 py_0 conda-forge
pycodestyle 2.4.0 py_1 conda-forge
pycosat 0.6.3 py36h470a237_1 conda-forge
pycparser 2.19 py_0 conda-forge
pycrypto 2.6.1 py36h470a237_2 conda-forge
pycurl 7.43.0.2 py36h1ba5d50_0
pyflakes 2.0.0 py_0 conda-forge
pyflux 0.4.15 pypi_0 pypi
pygments 2.2.0 py_1 conda-forge
pyhamcrest 1.9.0 py_2 conda-forge
pyjwt 1.6.4 py_0 conda-forge
pylint 2.1.1 py36_0 conda-forge
pyodbc 4.0.24 py36hfc679d8_0 conda-forge
pyopenssl 18.0.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
pyparsing 2.3.0 pypi_0 pypi
pyqt 5.9.2 py36h05f1152_2
pysocks 1.6.8 py36_1002 conda-forge
pytables 3.4.4 py36h4f72b40_1 conda-forge
pytest 3.9.3 py36_1000 conda-forge
pytest-arraydiff 0.2 py_0 conda-forge
pytest-astropy 0.4.0 py_0 conda-forge
pytest-doctestplus 0.1.3 py_0 conda-forge
pytest-openfiles 0.3.0 py_0 conda-forge
pytest-remotedata 0.3.0 py_0 conda-forge
python 3.6.8 h0371630_0
python-crfsuite 0.9.6 py36h2d50403_0 conda-forge
python-dateutil 2.7.5 py_0 conda-forge
python-libarchive-c 2.8 py36_1004 conda-forge
pytorch 0.4.1 py36ha74772b_0
pytz 2018.6 py_0 conda-forge
pywavelets 1.0.1 py36h7eb728f_0 conda-forge
pyyaml 3.13 py36h470a237_1 conda-forge
pyzmq 17.1.2 py36hae99301_1 conda-forge
qt 5.9.7 h5867ecd_1
qtawesome 0.5.2 pyh8a2030e_0 conda-forge
qtconsole 4.4.2 py_1 conda-forge
qtpy 1.5.2 pyh8a2030e_0 conda-forge
readline 7.0 h7b6447c_5
requests 2.20.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
requests-oauthlib 1.0.0 py_1 conda-forge
retrying 1.3.3 py36_2
rope 0.10.7 py_1 conda-forge
ruamel_yaml 0.15.71 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
s3transfer 0.1.13 py36_1001 conda-forge
scikit-image 0.14.1 py36hfc679d8_0 conda-forge
scikit-learn 0.20.0 py36h4989274_1
scipy 1.1.0 py36_blas_openblash7943236_201 conda-forge
seaborn 0.9.0 pypi_0 pypi
secretstorage 3.1.0 py36_1001 conda-forge
send2trash 1.5.0 py_0 conda-forge
service_identity 17.0.0 py_0 conda-forge
setuptools 40.7.3 pypi_0 pypi
simplegeneric 0.8.1 py_1 conda-forge
singledispatch 3.4.0.3 py36_1000 conda-forge
sip 4.19.8 py36hfc679d8_0 conda-forge
six 1.11.0 pypi_0 pypi
smart_open 1.7.1 py_0 conda-forge
snappy 1.1.7 hbae5bb6_3
snowballstemmer 1.2.1 py_1 conda-forge
sortedcollections 1.0.1 py_1 conda-forge
sortedcontainers 2.0.5 py_0 conda-forge
sphinx 1.8.1 py36_1000 conda-forge
sphinxcontrib 1.0 py36_1
sphinxcontrib-websupport 1.1.0 py_1 conda-forge
spyder 3.2.8 py36_0 conda-forge
spyder-kernels 1.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
sqlalchemy 1.2.12 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
sqlite 3.26.0 h7b6447c_0
statsmodels 0.9.0 py36h7eb728f_0 conda-forge
sympy 1.3 py36_1000 conda-forge
tblib 1.3.2 py_1 conda-forge
tensorboard 1.11.0 pypi_0 pypi
tensorflow 1.10.0 py36_0 conda-forge
tensorflow-gpu 1.11.0 pypi_0 pypi
termcolor 1.1.0 py_2 conda-forge
terminado 0.8.1 py36_1001 conda-forge
testpath 0.4.2 py36_1000 conda-forge
tk 8.6.8 hbc83047_0
toolz 0.9.0 py_1 conda-forge
torchfile 0.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
torchvision 0.2.1 py36_1000 conda-forge
tornado 5.1.1 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
tqdm 4.28.1 py_0 conda-forge
traitlets 4.3.2 py36_1000 conda-forge
twisted 18.9.0 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
twython 3.7.0 py_0 conda-forge
typed-ast 1.1.0 py36_0 conda-forge
unicodecsv 0.14.1 py_1 conda-forge
unidecode 1.0.23 py36_0
unixodbc 2.3.7 h14c3975_0
urllib3 1.23 py36_1001 conda-forge
visdom 0.1.8.5 0 conda-forge
wcwidth 0.1.7 py_1 conda-forge
webencodings 0.5.1 pypi_0 pypi
websocket-client 0.54.0 py36_1000 conda-forge
werkzeug 0.14.1 py_0 conda-forge
wheel 0.32.2 py36_0 conda-forge
widgetsnbextension 3.4.2 py36_1000 conda-forge
wrapt 1.10.11 py36h470a237_1 conda-forge
xlrd 1.1.0 py_2 conda-forge
xlsxwriter 1.1.2 py_0 conda-forge
xlwt 1.3.0 py_1 conda-forge
xz 5.2.4 h14c3975_4
yaml 0.1.7 had09818_2
zeromq 4.2.5 hf484d3e_1
zict 0.1.3 py_0 conda-forge
zlib 1.2.11 ha838bed_2
zope 1.0 py36_1
zope.interface 4.6.0 py36h470a237_0 conda-forge
zstd 1.3.7 h0b5b093_0
conda 环境列表：
(base) gpu-server@gpuserver:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base * /home/gpu-server/anaconda3
任何有关可能出现错误的信息或帮助都将不胜感激。
答案1
我认为github 上的这个问题可能有相关。此回应提到使用该标志对 conda 进行更新force，这似乎也适用于那些报告没有该标志的正常更新不起作用的用户：
conda update --force conda
答案2
我不确定为什么上述答案会有负面评价。
我让 conda 运行了一段时间...今晚我进行了更新，然后导致每个 conda 操作都导致：
RemoveError: 'setuptools' is a dependency of conda and cannot be removed from
conda's operating environment.
唯一真正起作用的是
conda install -c anaconda setuptools
之后，理智就恢复了。在尝试纠正的过程中，我尝试创建一个新环境，但总是因相同的错误而失败。经过上述修复后，我发现所需的环境不存在于“conda env list”中，但它拒绝创建它，并给出一个错误，即它已经存在。我需要进入我的 ~/miniconda3/envs 目录，在那里我找到了有问题的目录，将其删除，然后能够创建一个所需的环境。
答案3
setuptools 不是通过 conda 安装的，而是通过 pip 安装的，所以需要通过 pip 卸载 setuptools
pip uninstall setuptools
并通过 conda 重新安装：
conda install setuptools
答案4
这是唯一对我有用的东西，当我使用米尼康达在普什在 Win8 机器上。
# Remove index cache, lock files, unused cache packages, and tarballs.
conda clean -a -vv
conda deactivate
conda update -y -n base -c defaults conda --force
conda activate
conda update -y --force conda
pip install -U setuptools