我以为问题出在 Windows 上，所以我安装了 fedora（双启动），但没有解决问题。大约一年前，我有完全相同的 fedora（33），一切都很好，很流畅，但现在，它有点慢。你认为是硬盘吗？虽然我的硬盘是新的，但只用了大约一年。我的笔记本电脑附带一个金士顿混合硬盘（256GB SSD，1TB HDD）。
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2021-01-17 r5171 [x86_64-linux-5.12.7-
200.fc33.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate FireCuda 2.5
Device Model: ST1000LX015-1U7172
Serial Number: ZDEJ1WKC
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0c3ef78e3
Firmware Version: SDM1
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Wed Jun 9 20:46:21 2021 +0430
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 169) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 082 064 006 Pre-fail Always - 173805718
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 096 096 020 Old_age Always - 4273
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 076 060 045 Pre-fail Always - 37693246
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 3675 (107 8 0)
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 721
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 064 051 040 Old_age Always - 36 (Min/Max 27/42)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 10
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 27
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 9431
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 036 049 000 Old_age Always - 36 (0 18 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 4054h+51m+59.709s
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 6871526994
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 23827975406
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3675 -
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 3605 -
# 3 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 3548 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute
delay.
。
[~]$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2021-01-17 r5171 [x86_64-linux-5.12.7-200.fc33.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD10SDZW-11UMGS0
Serial Number: WD-WXC1EA7AMPDV
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6085a8435
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity: 1,000,171,331,584 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
TRIM Command: Available, deterministic
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Wed Jun 9 20:46:30 2021 +0430
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 249) Self-test routine in progress...
90% of test remaining.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 5640) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 101) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 162 154 021 Pre-fail Always - 2891
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 3222
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 088 088 000 Old_age Always - 8922
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 699
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 242
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 194 194 000 Old_age Always - 19269
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 108 089 000 Old_age Always - 35
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
。
[~]$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/nvme0n1
smartctl 7.2 2021-01-17 r5171 [x86_64-linux-5.12.7-200.fc33.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number: KINGSTON RBUSNS8154P3256GJ3
Serial Number: 50026B76837DFCA2
Firmware Version: E8FK11.T
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID: 0x2646
IEEE OUI Identifier: 0x0026b7
Total NVM Capacity: 256,060,514,304 [256 GB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity: 0
Controller ID: 0
NVMe Version: 1.2
Number of Namespaces: 1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity: 256,060,514,304 [256 GB]
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size: 512
Namespace 1 IEEE EUI-64: 0026b7 6837dfca25
Local Time is: Wed Jun 9 20:46:36 2021 +0430
Firmware Updates (0x02): 1 Slot
Optional Admin Commands (0x0007): Security Format Frmw_DL
Optional NVM Commands (0x001e): Wr_Unc DS_Mngmt Wr_Zero Sav/Sel_Feat
Log Page Attributes (0x04): Ext_Get_Lg
Maximum Data Transfer Size: 512 Pages
Warning Comp. Temp. Threshold: 84 Celsius
Critical Comp. Temp. Threshold: 88 Celsius
Supported Power States
St Op Max Active Idle RL RT WL WT Ent_Lat Ex_Lat
0 + 7.90W 0.0790W - 0 0 0 0 600 600
1 + 7.90W 0.0790W - 0 0 0 0 600 600
2 + 7.90W 0.0790W - 0 0 0 0 600 600
3 - 0.1000W 0.0790W - 3 3 3 3 1000 1000
4 - 0.0050W 0.0790W - 4 4 4 4 400000 90000
Supported LBA Sizes (NSID 0x1)
Id Fmt Data Metadt Rel_Perf
0 + 512 0 1
1 - 4096 0 0
=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02)
Critical Warning: 0x00
Temperature: 34 Celsius
Available Spare: 100%
Available Spare Threshold: 10%
Percentage Used: 2%
Data Units Read: 9,993,626 [5.11 TB]
Data Units Written: 9,423,808 [4.82 TB]
Host Read Commands: 164,581,082
Host Write Commands: 147,886,816
Controller Busy Time: 631
Power Cycles: 725
Power On Hours: 3,129
Unsafe Shutdowns: 26
Media and Data Integrity Errors: 0
Error Information Log Entries: 210
Warning Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Critical Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Temperature Sensor 2: 34 Celsius
Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, 16 of 16 entries)
Num ErrCount SQId CmdId Status PELoc LBA NSID VS
0 210 0 0x002d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
1 209 0 0x002c 0x0203 - 0 0 -
2 208 0 0x001d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
3 207 0 0x0002 0x0005 - 208 0 -
4 206 0 0x002d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
5 205 0 0x002c 0x0203 - 0 0 -
6 204 0 0x001d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
7 203 0 0x0002 0x0005 - 208 0 -
8 202 0 0x002d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
9 201 0 0x002c 0x0203 - 0 0 -
10 200 0 0x001d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
11 199 0 0x0002 0x0005 - 208 0 -
12 198 0 0x002d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
13 197 0 0x002c 0x0203 - 0 0 -
14 196 0 0x001d 0x0203 - 0 0 -
15 195 0 0x0002 0x0005 - 208 0 -
以下是热传感器数据：
[~]$ sensors
iwlwifi_1-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1: +30.0°C
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 2300 RPM
nouveau-pci-0100
Adapter: PCI adapter
fan1: 0 RPM
temp1: +42.0°C (high = +95.0°C, hyst = +3.0°C)
(crit = +105.0°C, hyst = +5.0°C)
(emerg = +135.0°C, hyst = +5.0°C)
BAT0-acpi-0
Adapter: ACPI interface
in0: 15.68 V
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Package id 0: +44.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 0: +42.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 1: +44.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 2: +40.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 3: +41.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 4: +41.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 5: +41.0°C (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
pch_cannonlake-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1: +48.0°C
nvme-pci-0200
Adapter: PCI adapter
Composite: +26.9°C (low = -40.1°C, high = +83.8°C)
(crit = +87.8°C)
Sensor 2: +26.9°C (low = -40.1°C, high = +83.8°C)
acpitz-acpi-0
Adapter: ACPI interface
temp1: +43.0°C (crit = +103.0°C)