抱歉，我没有一个好名字来回答这个问题，但我在 openSUSE Leap 15.4 中用于快照的 WD 8TB 硬盘真的很难用。它实际上是全新的。它插在 pcie 扩展卡上的 SATA 端口上。我插了几个驱动器，其他驱动器似乎都很好。
它有一个 gpt 分区表和一个 8TB 的大分区。它采用 ext4 格式。我运行 Back In Time 来制作快照。不幸的是，我不得不不断卸载、拔下、重新插入、重新安装它才能使其工作。我大约每 3 或 4 天必须这样做一次，但我相信现在每天都在发生。我运行了一个简单的fsck /dev/sdf1程序，它说没问题。
以下是我的 dmesg 日志的部分内容：
[257941.032543] I/O error, dev sdf, sector 7365202232 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x103000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[257941.032567] Buffer I/O error on dev sdf1, logical block 920650023, lost async page write
[257941.032610] ata40: EH complete
[257941.060192] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.060227] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.060247] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.060264] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 30 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.060304] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.060320] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.162206] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.170315] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.170339] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.170408] ata40: EH complete
[257941.210153] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.210185] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.210206] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.210225] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 5 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.210277] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.210298] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.310965] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.314594] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.314637] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.314734] ata40: EH complete
[257941.336881] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.336918] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.336936] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.336951] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 12 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.336990] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.337006] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.349168] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.352980] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.353024] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.353099] ata40: EH complete
[257941.376880] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.376917] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.376941] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.376960] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 16 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.376998] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.377014] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.379918] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.383722] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.383766] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.383841] ata40: EH complete
[257941.420168] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.420211] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.420235] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.420258] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 20 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.420327] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.420354] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.513441] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.521676] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.521721] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.521806] ata40: EH complete
[257941.556811] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.556842] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.556863] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.556882] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 9 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.556933] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.556954] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.662266] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.665933] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.665970] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.666049] ata40: EH complete
[257941.683512] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.683552] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.683570] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.683589] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 13 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.683643] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.683665] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.700010] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.703807] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.703850] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.703921] ata40: EH complete
[257941.730175] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.730213] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.730232] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.730247] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 23 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.730287] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.730302] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.832511] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.840868] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.840913] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.840988] ata40: EH complete
[257941.863478] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.863517] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.863539] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.863560] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 2 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.863612] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.863628] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257941.870338] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.874003] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257941.874047] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257941.874118] ata40: EH complete
[257941.913485] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257941.913518] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257941.913536] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257941.913551] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 6 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257941.913589] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257941.913605] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257942.002648] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257942.014769] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257942.014812] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257942.014893] ata40: EH complete
[257942.030149] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257942.030188] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257942.030208] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257942.030223] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 10 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:00:30:08/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257942.030262] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257942.030279] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257942.040479] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257942.044097] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257942.044141] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257942.044215] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#10 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=1s
[257942.044223] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#10 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[257942.044227] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#10 Add. Sense: Unaligned write command
[257942.044232] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#10 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 01 b7 08 30 00 00 00 00 08 00 00
[257942.044235] I/O error, dev sdf, sector 7365734400 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x103000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[257942.044260] Buffer I/O error on dev sdf1, logical block 920716544, lost async page write
[257942.044305] ata40: EH complete
[257942.063422] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257942.063454] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257942.063473] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257942.063488] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 13 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:10:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257942.063527] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257942.063543] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
[257942.071330] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257942.074838] ata40.00: failed to enable AA (error_mask=0x1)
[257942.074845] ata40.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[257942.074901] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#13 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=1s
[257942.074902] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#13 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[257942.074903] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#13 Add. Sense: Unaligned write command
[257942.074904] sd 39:0:0:0: [sdf] tag#13 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 01 b7 40 08 10 00 00 00 08 00 00
[257942.074905] I/O error, dev sdf, sector 7369394192 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x103000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[257942.074910] Buffer I/O error on dev sdf1, logical block 921174018, lost async page write
[257942.074918] ata40: EH complete
[257942.123363] ata40.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[257942.123376] ata40.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[257942.123380] ata40.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[257942.123382] ata40.00: cmd 35/00:08:88:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 tag 16 dma 4096 out
res 61/04:08:88:08:40/00:00:b7:01:00/e0 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[257942.123389] ata40.00: status: { DRDY DF ERR }
[257942.123391] ata40.00: error: { ABRT }
智能控制
root: ~> smartctl -a /dev/sdf
smartctl 7.2 2021-09-14 r5237 [x86_64-linux-5.16.2-lp154.9-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD80EAZZ-00BKLB0
Serial Number: WD-CA2GNBBK
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 2c03b03cc
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 8,001,563,222,016 bytes [8.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5640 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sun Apr 2 23:22:09 2023 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (24764) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x11) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
No Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 952) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 252 242 021 Pre-fail Always - 6366
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 13
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 348
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 13
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 9
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 440
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 118 107 000 Old_age Always - 34
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 43020 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 43020 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 347 hours (14 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.992 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.990 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.990 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.989 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.893 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 43019 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 347 hours (14 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 46 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.990 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.989 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.893 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.860 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
Error 43018 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 347 hours (14 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.989 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.893 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.860 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.857 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 43017 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 347 hours (14 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.860 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.857 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.857 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.856 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.843 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 43016 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 347 hours (14 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 46 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.857 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.856 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.843 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 22:14:50.822 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 346 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 323 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 218 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 182 -
# 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 141 -
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 117 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 93 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 69 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 45 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported
如果您需要更多信息，请告诉我。非常感谢。
答案1
看来我买的 pcie 转 sata 卡不行了。亚马逊上的这张卡是：使用 asm1166+jmb575 的 10 端口 x4 pcie 转 sata。首先，我必须使用装有 Windows 的旧主板来刷新固件，并且必须找到要刷新的图像。这只是为了让我的驱动器可以在我的 Asus Prime Z690-A 上看到。
从我的阅读来看，x2 上超过 2 个端口和 x4 上可能超过 4 个端口在这些 pcie 转 sata 卡上都会有问题。但我将完全远离它们。
我买了一个亚马逊上的 m.2 5 端口 SATA 扩展。这似乎效果不错。我们只需拭目以待。
不过我也买了一个4 端口 LSI SAS hba x4 卡和分支电缆，不包括在内。大多数都是 x8，因为大多数都是 8 端口。我没有多余的 x8。无论如何，我听说这些类型的卡很好，所以一旦我拿到它，我会很兴奋地尝试一下。