我在家里的服务器上运行 Arch Linux(内核:6.2.13-arch1-1),并且连接了几个硬盘。
这是我的芯片组的图像,供参考: https://www.pronotebook.cz/fotky48726/fotos/_vyr_828_20200306_123224.jpg
我检查了一下,它们都是主流的 SATA 3.0,因此传输速度应该为 6.0GB/s。令人惊讶的是,其中一个驱动器的运行速度为 3.0GB/s,我想知道为什么?
以下是有关该驱动器的一些信息:
➜ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb | grep SATA
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
➜ hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: ST1000DM003-1CH162
Serial Number: Z1D9LJ42
Firmware Revision: CC49
Transport: Serial, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:
Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x001f)
Supported: 9 8 7 6 5
Likely used: 9
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 16383
heads 16 16
sectors/track 63 63
--
CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 1953525168
Logical Sector size: 512 bytes
Physical Sector size: 4096 bytes
Logical Sector-0 offset: 0 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 953869 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 1000204 MBytes (1000 GB)
cache/buffer size = unknown
Form Factor: 3.5 inch
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 16
Advanced power management level: 128
Recommended acoustic management value: 208, current value: 0
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* SMART feature set
Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* Look-ahead
* Host Protected Area feature set
* WRITE_BUFFER command
* READ_BUFFER command
* DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Advanced Power Management feature set
Power-Up In Standby feature set
* SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up
SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Device Configuration Overlay feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART error logging
* SMART self-test
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
* 64-bit World wide name
Write-Read-Verify feature set
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Phy event counters
* READ_LOG_DMA_EXT equivalent to READ_LOG_EXT
* DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
* Device-initiated interface power management
* Software settings preservation
* SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
* SCT Write Same (AC2)
unknown 206[7]
unknown 206[12] (vendor specific)
unknown 206[13] (vendor specific)
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
104min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 104min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000c500660d578c
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : 000c50
Unique ID : 0660d578c
Checksum: correct
期待你们所有的教育性回应:)
亲切的问候,
答案1
这里的问题是您假设您将获得每秒 6gbps。
SATA 3 can do 600mb/s
SATA 2 can do 300mb/s
SATA 1 can do 150mb/s
根据 userbenchmark.com 的搜索结果,您的硬盘实际平均速度为 147mb/s。是的,它的峰值速度可以达到 197mb/s,但只能持续几秒钟。
即使 200mb/s 也未达到 SATA 2 的上限。因此,硬盘制造商在硬盘上安装了速度较慢的控制器,因为他们知道硬盘永远无法充分利用 SATA 2。他们可能节省了每块硬盘 2 美元 * 200,000 个硬盘或 400,000 美元。
虽然您的其他硬盘显示它们是 SATA 3 或 6gbps,但它们实际上不会给您那种速度。
因此,当您没有充分使用 SATA 2 时,不必担心速度限制。
如果您想要这些速度,只有 SSD 才能完全满足 SATA 3。
想想你的车,它的硬性速度限制是 100 英里/小时或更高,但没有哪条公共街道可以让你开得这么快。有其他汽车、人等阻止你达到这个速度。
更新:我看到硬盘确实声称支持 SATA 3,在这种情况下,要么是电缆坏了,要么是插入的 SATA 端口限制为 SATA 2,或者可能是 BIOS 设置将其限制为 SATA 2 速度。但是,考虑到 SATA 2 的速度为 300mb/s,您的数据传输速度不会更快。