SATA 3.0 - PC 使用速度较慢

SATA 3.0 - PC 使用速度较慢

我在家里的服务器上运行 Arch Linux(内核:6.2.13-arch1-1),并且连接了几个硬盘。

这是我的芯片组的图像,供参考: https://www.pronotebook.cz/fotky48726/fotos/_vyr_828_20200306_123224.jpg

我检查了一下,它们都是主流的 SATA 3.0,因此传输速度应该为 6.0GB/s。令人惊讶的是,其中一个驱动器的运行速度为 3.0GB/s,我想知道为什么?

以下是有关该驱动器的一些信息:

➜  sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb | grep SATA
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
➜  hdparm -I /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:

ATA device, with non-removable media
        Model Number:       ST1000DM003-1CH162
        Serial Number:      Z1D9LJ42
        Firmware Revision:  CC49
        Transport:          Serial, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:
        Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x001f)
        Supported: 9 8 7 6 5
        Likely used: 9
Configuration:
        Logical         max     current
        cylinders       16383   16383
        heads           16      16
        sectors/track   63      63
        --
        CHS current addressable sectors:    16514064
        LBA    user addressable sectors:   268435455
        LBA48  user addressable sectors:  1953525168
        Logical  Sector size:                   512 bytes
        Physical Sector size:                  4096 bytes
        Logical Sector-0 offset:                  0 bytes
        device size with M = 1024*1024:      953869 MBytes
        device size with M = 1000*1000:     1000204 MBytes (1000 GB)
        cache/buffer size  = unknown
        Form Factor: 3.5 inch
        Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200
Capabilities:
        LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
        Queue depth: 32
        Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
        R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16  Current = 16
        Advanced power management level: 128
        Recommended acoustic management value: 208, current value: 0
        DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
             Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
        PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
             Cycle time: no flow control=120ns  IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
        Enabled Supported:
           *    SMART feature set
                Security Mode feature set
           *    Power Management feature set
           *    Write cache
           *    Look-ahead
           *    Host Protected Area feature set
           *    WRITE_BUFFER command
           *    READ_BUFFER command
           *    DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
           *    Advanced Power Management feature set
                Power-Up In Standby feature set
           *    SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up
                SET_MAX security extension
           *    48-bit Address feature set
           *    Device Configuration Overlay feature set
           *    Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
           *    FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
           *    SMART error logging
           *    SMART self-test
           *    General Purpose Logging feature set
           *    WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
           *    64-bit World wide name
                Write-Read-Verify feature set
           *    WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
           *    {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
           *    Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
           *    Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
           *    Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
           *    Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
           *    Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
           *    Phy event counters
           *    READ_LOG_DMA_EXT equivalent to READ_LOG_EXT
           *    DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
           *    Device-initiated interface power management
           *    Software settings preservation
           *    SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
           *    SCT Write Same (AC2)
                unknown 206[7]
                unknown 206[12] (vendor specific)
                unknown 206[13] (vendor specific)
Security:
        Master password revision code = 65534
                supported
        not     enabled
        not     locked
                frozen
        not     expired: security count
                supported: enhanced erase
        104min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 104min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000c500660d578c
        NAA             : 5
        IEEE OUI        : 000c50
        Unique ID       : 0660d578c
Checksum: correct

期待你们所有的教育性回应:)

亲切的问候,

答案1

这里的问题是您假设您将获得每秒 6gbps。

SATA 3 can do 600mb/s
SATA 2 can do 300mb/s
SATA 1 can do 150mb/s

根据 userbenchmark.com 的搜索结果,您的硬盘实际平均速度为 147mb/s。是的,它的峰值速度可以达到 197mb/s,但只能持续几秒钟。

即使 200mb/s 也未达到 SATA 2 的上限。因此,硬盘制造商在硬盘上安装了速度较慢的控制器,因为他们知道硬盘永远无法充分利用 SATA 2。他们可能节省了每块硬盘 2 美元 * 200,000 个硬盘或 400,000 美元。

虽然您的其他硬盘显示它们是 SATA 3 或 6gbps,但它们实际上不会给您那种速度。

因此,当您没有充分使用 SATA 2 时,不必担心速度限制。

如果您想要这些速度,只有 SSD 才能完全满足 SATA 3。

想想你的车,它的硬性速度限制是 100 英里/小时或更高,但没有哪条公共街道可以让你开得这么快。有其他汽车、人等阻止你达到这个速度。

更新:我看到硬盘确实声称支持 SATA 3,在这种情况下,要么是电缆坏了,要么是插入的 SATA 端口限制为 SATA 2,或者可能是 BIOS 设置将其限制为 SATA 2 速度。但是,考虑到 SATA 2 的速度为 300mb/s,您的数据传输速度不会更快。

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