
set var1=Demo
set var2=%var1%
echo %var2%
rem Output:Demo
为什么set var2
如果在一行中则不起作用set var1
?
set var1=& set var2=
set var1=Demo& set var2=%var1%
echo %var2%
rem output:%var1%
我怎样才能set var2
在var1
一行中?
答案1
set var2
为什么如果在一行中不起作用set var1
?
作为哈里麦克指出:
变量替换是在执行命令行之前对整个命令行进行的。此时变量
var1
尚未定义。
您可以使用延迟扩展来解决这个限制:
@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set var1=Demo & set var2=!var1!
echo %var2%
endlocal
例子:
F:\test>test
Demo
进一步阅读
答案2
变量替换是在执行命令行之前对整个命令行进行的。此时变量var1
尚未定义。
未定义变量替换的规则是:
- 如果变量是交互输入的,则不进行替换,文本保持不变
%var1%
- 如果在批处理文件中使用,该变量将被空字符串替换。
您需要将这一行代码分成两行才能var1
获得值。或者查看@DavidPostill 的回答。
答案3
您可以在不使用延迟扩展(不带“ setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
”)的情况下通过使用带有“call”的“for”(循环)来实现此目的。
@echo off
set "var1=" & set "var2="
echo var1=[%var1%], var2=[%var2%]
:rem The one-liner:
set "var1=Demo" & for /f "usebackq delims=" %%a in (`call echo ^%var1^%`) do @set "var2=%%a"
::
echo var1=[%var1%], var2=[%var2%]
:end
输出:
var1=[], var2=[]
var1=[Demo], var2=[Demo]
您甚至可以在同一行中添加第二个“for”循环来执行“echo var2”:
:rem The one-liner:
set "var1=Demo" & for /f "usebackq delims=" %%a in (`call echo ^%var1^%`) do @set "var2=%%a" & for /f "usebackq delims=" %%a in (`call echo var2^=[^%var2^%]`) do @echo %%a
::
:end
“最终”输出:
var2=[Demo]
以下是“for”和“call”的细分:
for /f "usebackq" %%a Operates on a command that is enclosed in `backquotes`.
Executes that command and captures the output of that
command into variable %%a.
"delims=" Disables all delimiters when parsing the command
output. Default delimiters are "space" and "tab".
Not required for this specific example.
Used when the command output might contain delimiters.
(`call echo ^%var1^%`)
(`call echo var2^=[^%var2^%]`)
Use "call" to execute the echo command within a
separate process.
"^" escapes special characters like "%" and "=" when
the command is read by "for".
do @set "var2=%%a"
do @echo %%a Sets the variable "var2" from the output of the
command in the for loop.
In this case, the for command will execute just once.
If the output of the command spanned multiple lines,
the for command would execute once for each non-empty
output line.