我试图从 Debian 9 (Stretch) 升级到 Debian 10 (Buster)。然而，当我的sudo apt full-upgrade命令运行时（更改我的sources.list 文件后），我与服务器的连接结束了。当我尝试再次尝试此命令（或任何 apt install 命令）时，我得到以下输出：
> sudo apt full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
anthy : Depends: libanthyinput0 but it is not installed
libuim-plugins : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim : Depends: uim-common (= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-anthy : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-fep : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-gtk2.0 : Depends: uim (= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2 is installed
Depends: uim-gtk2.0-immodule (= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but it is not installed
Depends: uim-data (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but it is not installed
uim-gtk3 : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-qt : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-qt5 : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-utils : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-xim : Depends: uim (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2 is installed
Depends: uim-data (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
错误消息建议 running atp --fix-broken install，但是当我尝试运行它时，我遇到了另一个错误：
> sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
aspell-de-alt bdf2psf debian-zh-faq-s doc-debian-fr doc-linux-fr-text doc-linux-pl doc-linux-pl-html docbook-xml fortune-zh gir1.2-clutter-gst-3.0 gir1.2-evince-3.0 gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0
gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 gnome-bluetooth gnome-sushi iputils-arping libavahi-gobject0 libbind9-140 libblas-common
libcdio-cdda1 libcdio-paranoia1 libdns162 libenca0 libfcitx-gclient0 libfcitx-qt0 libfile-copy-recursive-perl libgcr-3-common libgfortran3 libgmime-2.6-0 libgnome-autoar-0-0 libgnome-autoar-common
libgom-1.0-common libgtksourceview-3.0-1 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgweather-3-6 libical2 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 libjim0.76 liblvm2app2.2 liblvm2cmd2.02 liblwres141 libmusicbrainz5-2
libmusicbrainz5cc2v5 libnfs8 libntfs-3g871 libpcre16-3 libperl5.24 libpoppler64 libprotobuf10 libqt4-designer libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script librarian0 libruby2.3 libscim8v5 libsodium18
libsuitesparseconfig4 libtelepathy-glib0 libtracker-sparql-1.0-0 libtxc-dxtn-s2tc libxfont1 linux-headers-4.9.0-11-amd64 linux-headers-4.9.0-11-common linux-image-4.9.0-11-amd64 manpages-fr manpages-fr-extra
myspell-bg myspell-ca myspell-en-gb myspell-it myspell-ku myspell-lt myspell-lv myspell-pl myspell-pt-br myspell-pt-pt myspell-sl myspell-th nautilus nautilus-data rarian-compat rename rsync ruby2.3 scim
scim-chewing scim-gtk-immodule scim-im-agent scim-modules-socket sgml-data tcpd xml-core
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libanthyinput0 uim uim-anthy uim-data uim-fep uim-gtk2.0-immodule uim-gtk3 uim-gtk3-immodule uim-plugins uim-qt5 uim-qt5-immodule
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libanthy0 libuim-plugins uim-qt uim-utils
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libanthyinput0 uim-data uim-gtk2.0-immodule uim-gtk3-immodule uim-plugins uim-qt5-immodule
The following packages will be upgraded:
uim uim-anthy uim-fep uim-gtk3 uim-qt5
5 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 4 to remove and 234 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/1,558 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,196 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
dpkg: considering deconfiguration of uim-anthy, which would be broken by installation of uim-data ...
dpkg: yes, will deconfigure uim-anthy (broken by uim-data)
(Reading database ... 219579 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../uim-data_1%3a1.8.8-4+deb10u2_all.deb ...
De-configuring uim-anthy (1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) ...
Error: in load: file "/usr/share/uim/lib/sigscheme-init.scm" not found
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/uim-data_1%3a1.8.8-4+deb10u2_all.deb (--unpack):
installed uim-anthy package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/uim-data_1%3a1.8.8-4+deb10u2_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
如果需要，我也许能够完成完整的系统恢复，但由于系统上的其他所有内容似乎都可以操作，我希望有其他方法可以修复此错误。正如我的lsb_release命令输出所示，我应该已经成功升级到 Debian 10 (Buster) 。
> lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release: 10
Codename: buster
编辑：我也尝试使用 dpkg 清除问题，但它也给了我一个错误。
> sudo dpkg --configure -a
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of uim-xim:
uim-xim depends on uim (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2); however:
Version of uim on system is 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2.
uim-xim depends on uim-data (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2); however:
Package uim-data is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package uim-xim (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up uim-mozc:amd64 (2.23.2815.102+dfsg-4) ...
Error: in load: file "/usr/share/uim/lib/sigscheme-init.scm" not found
dpkg: error processing package uim-mozc:amd64 (--configure):
installed uim-mozc:amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of anthy:
anthy depends on libanthyinput0; however:
Package libanthyinput0 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package anthy (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of uim-gtk2.0:
uim-gtk2.0 depends on uim (= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2); however:
Version of uim on system is 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2.
uim-gtk2.0 depends on uim-gtk2.0-immodule (= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2); however:
Package uim-gtk2.0-immodule is not installed.
uim-gtk2.0 depends on uim-data (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2); however:
Package uim-data is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package uim-gtk2.0 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
uim-xim
uim-mozc:amd64
anthy
uim-gtk2.0
当我尝试删除一些损坏的软件包（例如 anthy 和 libuim-plugins）时，我也会收到错误：
> sudo apt remove anthy libuim-plugins
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
uim : Depends: uim-common (= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-anthy : Depends: libuim-plugins (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
Depends: anthy but it is not going to be installed
uim-fep : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-gtk2.0 : Depends: uim (= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2 is to be installed
Depends: uim-gtk2.0-immodule (= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: uim-data (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but it is not going to be installed
uim-gtk3 : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-qt : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-qt5 : Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-utils : Depends: libuim-plugins (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: uim-common (>= 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2) but it is not installable
uim-xim : Depends: uim (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but 1:1.8.6+gh20161003.0.d63dadd-2 is to be installed
Depends: uim-data (>= 1:1.8.8-4+deb10u2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
关于如何修复这些损坏的依赖关系有什么想法吗？
答案1
删除anthy,uim*和libuim-plugins:
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt remove anthy libuim-plugins
sudo apt remove uim.
然后升级：
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt --purge autoremove
重新安装anthy并uim：
sudo apt install anthy uim
你不需要安装libuim-plugins，仅适用于 Debian 9。
更新：
anthy从那时起，通过删除所有与uim( uim*)相关的包解决了问题/var/lib/dpkg/status：
sudo dpkg --configure -a