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提取 .csv 上双引号之间的信息

tag-icon • tag-icon bash csv
提取 .csv 上双引号之间的信息

我在解析 .csv 文件的脚本时遇到一些问题

有关 .csv 的信息：

#1,13/8/2020,[email protected],[email protected],,Subject,"Dear Dude,

Information have been updated. Please login to APP to review by 30th August 2020. Thank you.

Best regards,
Mr. Mack",Pending,13/8/2020 12:35

这是信息应该如何划分的： 消息 ID、日期、收件人、抄送、密件抄送、主题、正文、状态、时间戳

MsgID=#1
Date=13/8/2020
[email protected]
[email protected]
BCC=
Subject=Subject
Body=Dear Dude,
Information have been updated. Please login to APP to review by 30th August 2020. Thank you.
Best regards,
Mr. Mack
Status=Pending
Timestamp=13/8/2020 12:35

我遇到的问题与正文部分有关，原因有两个：当我尝试运行脚本时文本中的“，”会中断，另一个原因是文本中的换行符。

这是我正在做的脚本：

#!/bin/bash

export TIMESTAMP="$( date '+%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S' )"
INPUT=/tmp/test.csv
OUTPUT=/tmp/test.csv.out
OLDIFS=$IFS
IFS=','
[ ! -f $INPUT ] && { echo "$INPUT file not found"; exit 99; }
while read msgid dat to cc bcc subject body status timesta
do
        echo "MSG ID : $msgid" 
        echo "Date : $dat"
        echo "To : $to"
        echo "CC : $cc"
        echo "BCC : $bcc"
        echo "Subject : $subject"
        echo "Body : $body"
        echo "Status : $status"
        echo "Timestamp : $timesta"
echo $body | mail -s "$subject" $to -c $cc -b $bcc
printf "$msgid,$dat,$to,$cc,$bcc,$subject,$body,Sent,$TIMESTAMP" >> $OUTPUT
done < $INPUT
IFS=$OLDIFS

答案1

外壳只是一个非常糟糕的文本解析工具。您应该只将它用于最简单的任务，甚至可能也不应该。它速度慢、效率低、语法非常复杂，容易出错，而且缺乏最基本的文本处理工具。除此之外，CSV 是一种复杂的格式，允许嵌套和多行条目。尝试在 shell 中解析 CSV 文件只是自找麻烦。

因此，请使用支持 CSV 解析的正确编程语言。例如，在Python中：

#!/bin/python3
import csv
import sys

with open(sys.argv[1], newline='') as csvfile:
    fieldnames = ("MsgID","Date","To","CC","BCC",
                  "Subject","Body","Status","Timestamp")
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',',
    for row in reader:
        for fieldName, value in zip(fieldnames,row):
            print("%s: %s" % (fieldName,value))

我将上面的脚本保存为foo.py：

MsgID: #1
Date: 13/8/2020
To: [email protected]
CC: [email protected]
BCC: 
Subject: Subject
Body: Dear Dude,

Information have been updated. Please login to APP to review by 30th August 2020. Thank you.

Best regards,
Mr. Mack
Status: Pending
Timestamp: 13/8/2020 12:35

如您所见，它已正确识别所有字段。因此，为了也发送邮件，您可以执行以下操作（改编自此处）：

#!/bin/python3
import csv
import sys
import subprocess
import os

def send_message(to, cc, bcc, subject, body):
    try:
        process = subprocess.Popen(['mail', '-s', subject, '-c', cc, '-b', bcc, to],
                                   stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
    except Exception as error:
      print(error)
    process.communicate(body)


with open(sys.argv[1], newline='') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',')
    for row in reader:
        (msgID, date, to, cc, bcc, subj, body, status, timestamp) = row
        send_message(to, cc, bcc, subj, body)

mail免责声明：根据您拥有的选项，您似乎正在使用 BSD 。我无法访问安装了该工具的工作系统，因此我无法测试上面的邮件发送脚本。不过，它至少应该是一个好的开始。

答案2

您可以使用 Miller 等工具（https://github.com/johnkerl/miller），专门处理结构化文本数据。

例如从这个input.txt文件开始

#1,13/8/2020,[email protected],[email protected],,Subject,"Dear Dude,

Information have been updated. Please login to APP to review by 30th August 2020. Thank you.

Best regards,
Mr. Mack",Pending,13/8/2020 12:35

和跑步

mlr --implicit-csv-header --c2x cat then label MsgID,Date,To,CC,BCC,Subject,Body,Status,Timestamp input.txt

你将会拥有

MsgID     #1
Date      13/8/2020
To        [email protected]
CC        [email protected]
BCC
Subject   Subject
Body      Dear Dude,

Information have been updated. Please login to APP to review by 30th August 2020. Thank you.

Best regards,
Mr. Mack
Status    Pending
Timestamp 13/8/2020 12:35

如果你想删除正文字段中的回车符，你可以运行

mlr --implicit-csv-header --c2x cat then label MsgID,Date,To,CC,BCC,Subject,Body,Status,Timestamp then put '$Body=gsub($Body,"\n"," ")' input.txt

具有

MsgID     #1
Date      13/8/2020
To        [email protected]
CC        [email protected]
BCC
Subject   Subject
Body      Dear Dude,  Information have been updated. Please login to APP to review by 30th August 2020. Thank you.  Best regards, Mr. Mack
Status    Pending
Timestamp 13/8/2020 12:35

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