崩溃以完全挂起的形式出现。不再有控制并且屏幕冻结。
我使用以下方法在这台机器上获取了堆栈跟踪：
sudo journalctl -f
最后显示的消息是：
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Bad mode in Error handler detected, code 0xbf000002 -- SError
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Internal error: Oops - bad mode: 0 [#3] SMP
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Modules linked in: algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg btrfs xor raid6_pq 8188fu joydev bcmdhd uio_pdrv_genirq uio binfmt_misc sch_fq_codel bnep ip_tables x_tables
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: CPU: 3 PID: 3469 Comm: smbd Tainted: G D W 4.4.179 #1
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Hardware name: FriendlyElec NanoPi M4 (DT)
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: task: ffffffc0aedcd400 task.stack: ffffffc047ee8000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: PC is at 0x7f78af9dfc
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: LR is at 0x7f78af9dd8
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: pc : [<0000007f78af9dfc>] lr : [<0000007f78af9dd8>] pstate: 80000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: sp : 0000007f6fbbe370
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x29: 0000007f6fbbe370 x28: 00000055aa9fa870
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x27: 0000007f78afc640 x26: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x25: 00000055aa9fa898 x24: 0000007f6fbbe4e8
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x23: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Bad mode in Error handler detected, code 0xbf000002 -- SError
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x22: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel:
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x21: 00000055aa9fa898 x20: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x19: 0000000000000189 x18: 0000000000000001
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x17: 0000000000000002 x16: 0000000000000002
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 002ffa52590473c3
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x13: 0000000063784283 x12: 0000000000000018
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x11: 000000003006b4dc x10: 0000000063784283
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x9 : 003b9aca00000000 x8 : 0000000000000062
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x7 : 0000007f6fbbe448 x6 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x5 : 00000000ffffffff x4 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x3 : 0000007f6fbbe4e8 x2 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x1 : 0000000000000189 x0 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel:
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Process smbd (pid: 3469, stack limit = 0xffffffc047ee8000)
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: ---[ end trace 5fba866947145e9b ]---
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Bad mode in Error handler detected, code 0xbf000002 -- SError
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Internal error: Oops - bad mode: 0 [#4] SMP
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Modules linked in: algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg btrfs xor raid6_pq 8188fu joydev bcmdhd uio_pdrv_genirq uio binfmt_misc sch_fq_codel bnep ip_tables x_tables
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: CPU: 5 PID: 3471 Comm: smbd Tainted: G D W 4.4.179 #1
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Hardware name: FriendlyElec NanoPi M4 (DT)
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: task: ffffffc0b72c8000 task.stack: ffffffc047d40000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: PC is at 0x7f78af9dfc
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: LR is at 0x7f78af9dd8
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: pc : [<0000007f78af9dfc>] lr : [<0000007f78af9dd8>] pstate: 80000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: sp : 0000007f7240e370
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x29: 0000007f7240e370 x28: 00000055aa9fa870
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x27: 0000007f78afc640 x26: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x25: 00000055aa9fa898 x24: 0000007f7240e4e8
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x23: 0000000000000000 x22: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x21: 00000055aa9fa898 x20: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x19: 0000000000000189 x18: 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x17: 0000000000000004 x16: 0000000000000002
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00302818e1b6bcc3
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x13: 0000000063784283 x12: 0000000000000018
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x11: 0000000030366a81 x10: 0000000063784283
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x9 : 003b9aca00000000 x8 : 0000000000000062
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x7 : 0000007f7240e448 x6 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x5 : 00000000ffffffff x4 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x3 : 0000007f7240e4e8 x2 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: x1 : 0000000000000189 x0 : 0000000000000000
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel:
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Process smbd (pid: 3471, stack limit = 0xffffffc047d40000)
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: ---[ end trace 5fba866947145e9c ]---
Nov 18 19:42:12 kernel: Internal error: Oops - bad mode: 0 [#5] SMP
当大量访问 NVME 驱动器时似乎会发生这种情况，但这可能只是与该问题相关。我使用 hdparm 并尝试关闭许多驱动器功能，但错误仍然存在。
我还尝试过更改 CPU 的时钟速度以及更改电源。这些效果不大
答案1
好的，在看到 Artem 的评论后，我尝试升级我的内核。然而，由于某种原因，我的 pi 不允许我启动到 GRUB，所以我运行了启动修复。我花了一段时间在这上面，但启动修复一直抱怨我磁盘空间不足。
我有 30MB 空闲空间，我的东西分区方式很糟糕，所以没有太多空间可以使用，但我能够释放另外 700MB 空间，从那时起崩溃就消失了。
事实证明，这毕竟是 NVME 驱动程序。使用 USB 代替解决了这个问题