提取方括号内并以逗号分隔的数据

Question

我有这样的数据：

['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom2/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom3/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom4/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom5/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom6/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom7/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom8/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom9/']

我希望每行每个值都没有引号，以便我可以将其通过管道传输到另一个命令，例如：

/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/
....

awk -F'[][]' '{print $2}'删除方括号。我不明白如何进一步进行。

Answer 1

您可以删除前导['、尾随']并', '用换行符替换所有内容，然后删除我看到的用于表示空字符串列表的[]或行（其中前缀指定该数组是一个字符串数组）。@as []gsettings@asas

gsettings get some-path some-array-key... |
  sed "/^@as \[\]\$/d
       /^\[\]\$/d
       s/^\['//
       s/'\]\$//
       s/', '/\\
/g"

使用 GNU sed，上面最后一个命令中替换中的换行符s可以表示为\n而不是\后面跟着文字换行符。

如果不是空列表的'...'替代"..."和那个@as前缀，那将是一个有效的 JSON 数组，所以你也可以这样做：

gsettings get some-path some-array-key |
  sed "y/'/\"/; s/^@as //" |
  jq -r '.[]'

gsettings请注意，这些都不适用于任意字符串数组，因为它们没有考虑可以通过以下方式完成的转义：

$ gsettings list-recursively  | grep '\\'
org.freedesktop.ibus.panel.emoji favorites ['\u200b']
org.gnome.evolution.shell filename-illegal-chars "'\"&`();|<>$%{}!"

（我们甚至可以看到它切换到"..."最后一种情况，其中字符串值包含 a '，在这种情况下使其成为正确的 JSON 字符串）。

$ gsettings set org.gnome.seahorse last-search-text $'\1\xa\U10FFFF\'\"\\'
$ gsettings get org.gnome.seahorse last-search-text
"\u0001\n\U0010ffff'\"\\"

格式似乎是描述的格式https://developer-old.gnome.org/glib/stable/gvariant-text.html

该JSON:PP perl模块支持使用单引号分隔符的 JSON 字符串，因此您可以使用它来提取和解码任何 GVariant 对象中的任何单引号或双引号字符串，如下所示：

gsettings any-path any-key |
  perl -C -MJSON::PP -lne '
    BEGIN{
      $j = JSON::PP->new->allow_singlequote
    }
    print $j->decode($_) for
      /'\''(?:\\.|[^\\'\''])*'\''|"(?:\\.|[^\\"])*"/g'

正则表达式找到一对'...'或"..."（允许内部转义引号或反斜杠），并将其传递给 JSON 解码器。忽略JSON:PP 会阻塞为 AFAICT 的 , 字节串，b'...'将其输出为。b"..."gsettings[byte 0xHH, 0xHH...]

Answer 2

使用 GNU grep-o并假设引用的字符串不包含任何字符][ ,'或换行符：

$ grep -Eo "[^][ ,']+" file
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom2/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom3/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom4/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom5/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom6/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom7/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom8/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom9/

否则使用任何 awk 并允许'在引用的字符串中使用除换行符之外的任何字符：

$ awk -F"'" '{for (i=2; i<NF; i+=2) print $i}' file
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom2/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom3/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom4/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom5/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom6/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom7/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom8/
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom9/