如何在子图中放置和缩放 TikZ 图片？

Question

我在将四张 TikZ 图片放在一张图中时遇到了问题。我使用 subfigure 嵌入 TikZ 图片。现在我遇到了以下问题：我不知道如何缩放 TikZ 图形。当我使用resizebox或 时scale，看起来一张 TikZ 图片的缩放也应用于下一张 TikZ 图形（见下图）。

这是我的代码：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{pgf}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgf}

%zusaetzlihce Symbole und Schriften (ams: american mathematical soc)
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amstext}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amscd}
\usepackage{latexsym}


\begin{document}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,automata}
\begin{figure}[htbp]

\begin{tabular}{cc}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 1] {
    \resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] %,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [label=above:$N_{f1}$]                                            {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,     label=above:$N_{a1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A ,  label=above:$N_{b1}$]      {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = D, style={dashed}, label=above:$N_{c1}$]      {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;

    \end{tikzpicture} 
    }
} & 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 2] {
  %\resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] % ,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [label=above:$N_{f\_1}$]                                          {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,     label=above:$N_{a1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A , style={dashed},  label=above:$N_{b1}$]      {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = D,  label=above:$N_{c_1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;               
    \end{tikzpicture} 
    %}
} \\

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 3] {
 % \resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] %,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [                     label=above:$N_{f\_1}$, , style={dashed}]                                           {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,  label=above:$N_{a1}$]   {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A,  label=above:$N_{b1}$]   {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = D,  label=above:$N_{c_1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;

    \end{tikzpicture} 
%   }
} & 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 4] {
 % \resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] % ,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [                                            label=above:$N_{f\_1}$]                                          {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,     label=above:$N_{a1}$, style={dashed}]    {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A ,  label=above:$N_{b1}$, style={dashed}]      {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = D,   label=above:$N_{c_1}$]   {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;

    \end{tikzpicture} 
    %}
} \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Several options}
\end{figure}

\结束{文档}

结果如下：

Answer 1

此问题是由使用的线路引起的

\node[state] (D) [below right of = D, style={dashed}, label=above:$N_{c1}$]      {$\boldsymbol{4}$};

您将 放置D在其自身的右下方。节点是全局的，tikzpicture因此后面的 重用了D之前图片中 的旧位置，导致它越来越向右下方移动。这实际上导致Package pgf Error: No shape named D is known.第一张图片出现 ，这应该让你产生怀疑。我认为您的意思是并且想要的是below right of = C。然后它可以与 配合使用\resizebox。
_{对于复杂内容的缩放，我还推荐adjustbox提供 的包\adjustbox{<includegraphics options>}{<content>}，它不会将内容读取为宏参数，而是读取为框。你在这里需要\adjustbox{width=.4\textwidth}{ ... }。}

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}

\usetikzlibrary{arrows,automata}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[htbp]

\begin{tabular}{C{.48\textwidth}C{.48\textwidth}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 1] {
    \resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] %,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [label=above:$N_{f1}$]                                            {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,     label=above:$N_{a1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A ,  label=above:$N_{b1}$]      {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = C, style={dashed}, label=above:$N_{c1}$]      {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;

    \end{tikzpicture} 
    }
} & 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 2] {
  \resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] % ,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [label=above:$N_{f\_1}$]                                          {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,     label=above:$N_{a1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A , style={dashed},  label=above:$N_{b1}$]      {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = C,  label=above:$N_{c_1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;               
    \end{tikzpicture} 
    }
} \\

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 3] {
  \resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] %,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [                     label=above:$N_{f\_1}$, , style={dashed}]                                           {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,  label=above:$N_{a1}$]   {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A,  label=above:$N_{b1}$]   {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = C,  label=above:$N_{c_1}$]    {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;

    \end{tikzpicture} 
   }
} & 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\subfigure [Subfigure 4] {
  \resizebox{0.4\textwidth}{!}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=2pt,node distance=2.0cm,
                    semithick] % ,scale=.5]
    \tikzstyle{every state}=[fill=white,draw=black,text=black,font=\small]

  \node[state] (A) [                                            label=above:$N_{f\_1}$]                                          {$1$};
  \node[state] (B) [below left  of = A,     label=above:$N_{a1}$, style={dashed}]    {$\boldsymbol{2}$};
  \node[state] (C) [below right of = A ,  label=above:$N_{b1}$, style={dashed}]      {$\boldsymbol{3}$};
    \node[state] (D) [below right of = C,   label=above:$N_{c_1}$]   {$\boldsymbol{4}$};    


  \path (B) edge []       node {} (A)
        (C) edge []             node {} (A)
        (D) edge []       node {} (C)                               
                ;

    \end{tikzpicture} 
    }
} \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Several options}
\end{figure}

\end{document}