如何使用 LaTeX 创建图表来比较天际线操作结果？

Question

我正在尝试绘制这个，但除了此图中的直线外，我无法正确放置其他东西，例如正方形和圆形。我该怎么做？非常感谢您的帮助。

编辑：由于 MWE 被要求，我将在这里发布我的代码，并在接近上面的图片时对其进行更新。

\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.2cm, x=.7cm,font=\sffamily]
    \draw (0,0) -- coordinate (x axis mid) (10,0);
    \draw (0,0) -- coordinate (y axis mid) (0,30);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 1

您可以使用以下代码。使用节点创建圆圈，然后我们绘制到节点和从节点开始的图形，因为这样线条就不会穿过它。对于矩形中的圆圈，我们定义了一个新形状，因此我们也可以使用节点来绘制它。代码如下所示：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\makeatletter
\pgfdeclareshape{rectCircle}{
  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] % this is nearly a rectangle
  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}
  \backgroundpath{% this is new
    % store lower left in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y

    \pgfmathsetmacro{\temp@x}{\pgf@xa+.5*(\pgf@xb-\pgf@xa)}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\ttemp@x}{.5*(\pgf@xb-\pgf@xa)}    % construct main path
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathclose
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\temp@x}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpatharc{270}{-90}{\ttemp@x}
 }
}
\makeatother
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily]
    \node [circle, draw, minimum size=2.5mm, inner sep=0pt] (t1) at (3,0) {};
    \node [rectCircle, draw] (t5) at (0,2) {};
    \node [circle, draw, minimum size=2.5mm, inner sep=0pt] (t2) at (0,3) {};
    \node [circle, draw, minimum size=2.5mm, inner sep=0pt] (t4) at (2,2) {};
    \node [rectCircle, draw] (t3) at (2,1) {};
    \coordinate (orig) at (0,0);
  \draw (orig) -- (t1) node [below=2mm] {$t_1$};
  \draw [->] (t1) -- ++(0.5,0);
  \draw (orig) -- (t5) node[left=2mm]{$t_5$} -- (t2) node[left=2mm] {$t_2$};
  \draw [->] (t2) -- ++(0,0.5);
  \draw [dashed] (t5) -- (t4) node[right=2mm] {$t_4$} -- (t3) node[right=2mm] {$t_3$};
  \draw [dashed] (t2) -- ++(3,0) node {$\times$} -- (t1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

生成的图像如下所示：

我认为最困难的部分是创建新的节点形状。这可能也可以通过使用并将节点绘制在彼此之上来完成overlay。remember picture但这需要非常精确的尺寸，并且不会像创建新形状那样容易扩展。创建图例留给读者练习，现在所有节点都可用，应该相对简单。

Answer 2

以下代码展示了创建形状的另一种方法rectCircle。无需声明新形状，只需使用带有append after command选项的样式即可。

cross此外，还宣布了一种将取代$\times$Roelof 解决方案的风格。

\documentclass[border=2mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily,
        myCircle/.style={circle, draw, minimum size=2.5mm, inner sep=0pt},
        rectCircle/.style={myCircle,
            append after command={
                \pgfextra
                    \draw (\tikzlastnode.north-|\tikzlastnode.west) rectangle 
                          (\tikzlastnode.south-|\tikzlastnode.east);
                \endpgfextra}},
        cross/.style={cross out, minimum size=1.5mm, draw, inner sep=0pt, solid}
            ]
    \node [myCircle] (t1) at (3,0) {};
    \node [rectCircle, draw] (t5) at (0,2) {};
    \node [myCircle] (t2) at (0,3) {};
    \node [myCircle] (t4) at (2,2) {};
    \node [rectCircle, draw] (t3) at (2,1) {};
    \coordinate (orig) at (0,0);
  \draw (orig) -- (t1) node [below=2mm] {$t_1$};
  \draw [->] (t1) -- ++(0.5,0);
  \draw (orig) -- (t5) node[left=2mm]{$t_5$} -- (t2) node[left=2mm] {$t_2$};
  \draw [->] (t2) -- ++(0,0.5);
  \draw [dashed] (t5) -- (t4) node[right=2mm] {$t_4$} --(t3) node[right=2mm] {$t_3$};
  \draw [dashed] (t2) -- ++(3,0) node[cross] {} -- (t1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}