![TikZ、多列和垂直间距](https://linux22.com/image/242446/TikZ%E3%80%81%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C%E5%9E%82%E7%9B%B4%E9%97%B4%E8%B7%9D.png)
我的问题与页面中对象的垂直间距有关。我认为就我而言,TikZ 可以影响它。这里是 MWE:
\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{pgf,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\textheight= 21cm
\textwidth= 14cm
\topmargin=-1cm
\parindent=0cm
\oddsidemargin=1.26cm
\evensidemargin=1.26cm
\begin{document}
\paragraph*{Nice paragraph}
This is some text in the par
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(30,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,6);
\draw[samples=100,domain=0:30,line cap=round,line join=round] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{}\label{fig:funcionRaizCuadradada}
\end{figure}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\begin{small}
\begin{itemize}
\centering
\item[] text una unidad hacia la izquierda, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,4) node[above]{\small $y=f(x+1)=\sqrt{x+1}$};
\draw[<->] (-3,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,4);
\draw[domain=-1:4.7] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x+1)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] More Text tres unidades hacia arriba, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,6) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)+3=\sqrt{x}+3$};
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,5);
\draw[domain=0:4] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x)+3});
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] Some text de $y=\sqrt{x}$, con respecto al eje $y$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,3) node[above] {\small $y=\sqrt{-x}$};
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(1,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,2);
\draw[samples=100,domain=-5:0] plot(\x,{sqrt(-\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\columnbreak
\item[] Translation dos unidades hacia la derecha, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,4) node[above]{\small $y=f(x-2)=\sqrt{x-2}$};
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,3);
\draw[samples=100,domain=2:5] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x-2)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] Reflection de $y=\sqrt{x}$, con respecto al eje $x$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-3)--(0,1);
\draw[samples=100,domain=0:5] plot(\x,{-sqrt(\x)});
\draw (0,1) node[above] {\small $y=-\sqrt{x}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] Reflection de $y=\sqrt{x+1}$, con respecto al eje $x$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(1,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,3);
\draw[samples=100,domain=-5.7:-1] plot(\x,{sqrt(-\x-1)});
\draw (0,4) node[above]{\small $y=\sqrt{-x-1}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{itemize}
\end{small}
\end{multicols}
\newpage
\paragraph*{Bad paragraph}
There exist som text to put here\enlargethispage*{20cm}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\clip (-6,-6) rectangle (6,6);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/\x});
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{}\label{fig:funcionRacional}
\end{figure}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\begin{small}
\begin{itemize}
\centering
\item[] Traslation una unidad hacia la izquierda, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x+1)=\dfrac{1}{x+1}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/(\x+1)});
\draw[dotted] (-1,-5)--(-1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia arriba, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(1/\x)+1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,1.5)--(5,1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] Reflection de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=-\dfrac{1}{x}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{-(1/\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\columnbreak
\item[] Traslation una unidad hacia la derecha, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above] {\small $y=\dfrac{1}{x-1}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/((\x)-1)});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia abajo, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(1/(\x))-1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,-1.5)--(5,-1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item[] Traslation horizontal y vertical, elongation de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(3/((\x)-2))+1});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{itemize}
\end{small}
\end{multicols}\pagebreak
\end{document}
第一页如下所示:
正是我想要的。但是下一页看起来像:
这是不愉快的结果。我想要的是图 2 中同一页中有两列,每列有三张图片。为了做到这一点,我尝试过,\enlargethispage*
但没有成功,正如您所见,浪费了很多垂直空间。第一页和下一页之间的唯一区别是,在第二页中,我\clip
在绘图中使用了命令。我怀疑这会导致垂直空间无法拉伸。我该如何做得更好?
答案1
产生更好结果的一种方法是将每个图形放在一个minipage
(和相关文本)中。这将使文本和图形不会跨列分离:
完整代码如下:
\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{pgf,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\textheight= 21cm
\textwidth= 14cm
\topmargin=-1cm
\parindent=0cm
\oddsidemargin=1.26cm
\evensidemargin=1.26cm
\begin{document}
\paragraph*{Nice paragraph}
This is some text in the par
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(30,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,6);
\draw[samples=100,domain=0:30,line cap=round,line join=round] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{}\label{fig:funcionRaizCuadradada}
\end{figure}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\begin{small}
\begin{itemize}
%\centering
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}\raggedright
text una unidad hacia la izquierda, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,4) node[above]{\small $y=f(x+1)=\sqrt{x+1}$};
\draw[<->] (-3,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,4);
\draw[domain=-1:4.7,red] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x+1)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
More Text tres unidades hacia arriba, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,6) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)+3=\sqrt{x}+3$};
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,5);
\draw[domain=0:4] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x)+3});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Some text de $y=\sqrt{x}$, con respecto al eje $y$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,3) node[above] {\small $y=\sqrt{-x}$};
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(1,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,2);
\draw[samples=100,domain=-5:0] plot(\x,{sqrt(-\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\columnbreak
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Translation dos unidades hacia la derecha, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw (0,4) node[above]{\small $y=f(x-2)=\sqrt{x-2}$};
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,3);
\draw[samples=100,domain=2:5] plot(\x,{sqrt(\x-2)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Reflection de $y=\sqrt{x}$, con respecto al eje $x$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw[<->] (-1,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-3)--(0,1);
\draw[samples=100,domain=0:5] plot(\x,{-sqrt(\x)});
\draw (0,1) node[above] {\small $y=-\sqrt{x}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Reflection de $y=\sqrt{x+1}$, con respecto al eje $x$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=5mm,y=5mm]
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(1,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-1)--(0,3);
\draw[samples=100,domain=-5.7:-1] plot(\x,{sqrt(-\x-1)});
\draw (0,4) node[above]{\small $y=\sqrt{-x-1}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\end{itemize}
\end{small}
\end{multicols}
\newpage
\paragraph*{Bad paragraph}
There exist som text to put here\enlargethispage*{20cm}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\clip (-6,-6) rectangle (6,6);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/\x});
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{}\label{fig:funcionRacional}
\end{figure}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\begin{small}
\begin{itemize}
\centering
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Traslation una unidad hacia la izquierda, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x+1)=\dfrac{1}{x+1}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100,blue] plot(\x,{1/(\x+1)});
\draw[dotted] (-1,-5)--(-1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia arriba, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100,green] plot(\x,{(1/\x)+1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,1.5)--(5,1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Reflection de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=-\dfrac{1}{x}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100,orange] plot(\x,{-(1/\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\columnbreak
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Traslation una unidad hacia la derecha, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above] {\small $y=\dfrac{1}{x-1}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100,cyan] plot(\x,{1/((\x)-1)});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia abajo, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100,violet] plot(\x,{(1/(\x))-1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,-1.5)--(5,-1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\item[]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
Traslation horizontal y vertical, elongation de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(3/((\x)-2))+1});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\end{itemize}
\end{small}
\end{multicols}\pagebreak
\end{document}
答案2
由于您想将所有七个数字放在一起,我建议对七个元素使用一个minipage
(s 内部不允许分页符minipage
);六个数字可以使用六个内部minipage
s 来放置;这样,您不必使用multicols
环境或列表:
\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{pgf,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\textheight= 21cm
\textwidth= 14cm
\topmargin=-1cm
\parindent=0cm
\oddsidemargin=1.26cm
\evensidemargin=1.26cm
\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
There exist some text to put here
{ \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\clip (-6,-6) rectangle (6,6);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/\x});
\end{tikzpicture}
\captionof{figure}{}
\label{fig:funcionRacional}
}
\begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
\raggedright
Traslation una unidad hacia la izquierda, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x+1)=\dfrac{1}{x+1}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/(\x+1)});
\draw[dotted] (-1,-5)--(-1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
\raggedright
Traslation una unidad hacia la derecha, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above] {\small $y=\dfrac{1}{x-1}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/((\x)-1)});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}\\[2ex]
\begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
\raggedright
Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia arriba, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(1/\x)+1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,1.5)--(5,1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
\raggedright
Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia abajo, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(1/(\x))-1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,-1.5)--(5,-1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}\\[2ex]
\begin{minipage}[b]{.45\textwidth}
\raggedright
Reflection de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=-\dfrac{1}{x}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{-(1/\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{.45\textwidth}
\raggedright
Traslation horizontal y vertical, elongation de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(3/((\x)-2))+1});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}
\end{minipage}
\end{document}
另一个可能更简单的选择是使用一个tabular
环境来容纳七个元素(tabular
同样不允许分页);图形的标题\captionof
由包提供caption
。使用这种方法,同样不需要multicols
环境或列表:
\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{pgf,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\textheight= 21cm
\textwidth= 14cm
\topmargin=-1cm
\parindent=0cm
\oddsidemargin=1.26cm
\evensidemargin=1.26cm
\begin{document}
There exist some text to put here
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{%
@{}>{\small\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{\dimexpr.5\textwidth-\tabcolsep\relax}
>{\small\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{\dimexpr.5\textwidth-\tabcolsep\relax}@{}}
\multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\tabcolsep\relax}}{
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\clip (-6,-6) rectangle (6,6);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/\x});
\end{tikzpicture}
\captionof{figure}{}
\label{fig:funcionRacional}
}\tabularnewline
%
Traslation una unidad hacia la izquierda, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x+1)=\dfrac{1}{x+1}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/(\x+1)});
\draw[dotted] (-1,-5)--(-1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
&
Traslation una unidad hacia la derecha, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above] {\small $y=\dfrac{1}{x-1}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{1/((\x)-1)});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture} \tabularnewline
%
Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia arriba, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(1/\x)+1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,1.5)--(5,1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
&
Traslation $\frac{3}{2}$ hacia abajo, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(1/(\x))-1.5});
\draw[dotted] (-5,-1.5)--(5,-1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}\tabularnewline
%
Reflection de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=-\dfrac{1}{x}$};
\clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{-(1/\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
&
Traslation horizontal y vertical, elongation de $y=\frac{1}{x}$, esto es,\par
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,x=3mm,y=3mm]
\draw (0,5) node[above]{\small $y=f(x)-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{3}{2}$};
\clip (-5,-5)rectangle(5,5);
\draw[<->] (-5,0)--(5,0);
\draw[<->] (0,-5)--(0,5);
\draw[samples=100] plot(\x,{(3/((\x)-2))+1});
\draw[dotted] (1,-5)--(1,5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
最后建议,长度\textheight
、\textwidth
等的更改最好在几何学包裹。