“pgf 错误：没有已知的名为 i-0 的形状”，但仅在第二次运行时出现

Question 1

显然，文档元素在运行之间的移动导致了这个问题。这种移动与目录仅在第二次（及后续）运行中排版有关。因此，使用 Bruno 的建议设置目录的最小页数，我们使用先验知道第 1 章从（绝对）第 4 页开始，例如，通过以下方式仅插入必要数量的空白页：

\foreach \n in {\value{page},...,4} {\vbox{}\newpage}

由于是\value{page}相对于的的位置\foreach，因此第一次和后续编译都仅插入必要数量的页面以保留固定的起始位置。

提到“绝对”页码实际上只是指最新编号方案中的页码。但是，由于编号方案直到 MWE 的第一章才发生变化，因此引用是绝对的。

这是编译时没有错误的完整 MWE：

\def\NumberOfIterations{35}% ok if this is 34 or less

% Commenting out any one of these results in the file being generated
\def\AddWatermark{}%       if commented works fine (tested to 1000)
\def\AddPhantomXAxis{}%    if commented works fine (tested to 1000)
\def\AddTOC{}%             if commented works fine (tested to 1000)
\def\UseStandardChapter{}% if commented, problem occurs at 42 (exactly where the second page of the TOC would start).

\documentclass{book}

\ifdefined\UseStandardChapter
\else
    \renewcommand\chapter[1]{\section{#1}}
\fi

\usepackage{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}

\ifdefined\AddWatermark%% Problem on 2nd run if this is used
    \usepackage[all,center]{background}%
    \SetBgContents{\textsc{DRAFT}}%
    \SetBgOpacity{0.2}%
\fi

%% Does not appear to be needed to reproduce problem
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/21421/is-there-a-way-to-clear-paths-previously-defined-with-name-path-global-in-tikz
%
%\makeatletter%
%\tikzset{%
%  clear global paths/.style={%
%    execute at end picture=\clear@global@paths,%
%    name path global/.append code={%
%      \ifx\global@paths\pgfutil@empty%
%      \gdef\global@paths{##1}%
%      \else%
%      \xdef\global@paths{\global@paths,##1}%
%      \fi%
%    }%
%  },%
%  clear global paths now/.code={%
%    \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\csname tikz@intersect@path@name@#1\endcsname=\relax%
%  }%
%}%
%\let\global@paths=\pgfutil@empty%
%\def\clear@global@paths{%
%  \edef\@temp{\noexpand\pgfkeys{/tikz/clear global paths now/.list={\global@paths}}}%
%  \@temp%
%  \global\let\global@paths=\pgfutil@empty%
%  \global\let\tikz@intersect@namedpaths=\pgfutil@empty%
%}%
%\makeatother%

%%-----------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{MyFigure.tex}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}

\begin{document}

\ifdefined\AddPhantomXAxis
    \newcommand*{\DrawPhantomXAxis}{%% Problem on 2nd run if this is used
        % Draw a non-visible x-axis so that it can be 
        % used to determine intersections with x-axis
        \draw [mark=none, draw=none, name path=XAxisPath]%
            (current axis.left of origin) --%
            (current axis.right of origin);%
    }%
\else% Do absolutely nothing.
    \newcommand*{\DrawPhantomXAxis}{}%
\fi%


\newcommand*{\ShowIntersectionWithXAxisPath}[2]{
    \DrawPhantomXAxis{}% in case graphs did not have an x axis drawn
    \fill 
        [name intersections={of=#1 and XAxisPath, name=i, total=\t}] 
        [brown, opacity=1, every node/.style={black, opacity=1}] 
        \foreach \s in {1,...,\t}{(i-\s) circle (3pt)
            node [above left, red] {#2}};
}


\pgfmathdeclarefunction{GivenF}{1}{\pgfmathparse{exp(#1)-10^9}}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{axis}[xmin=0.0, xmax=25, ymin=-1E9, ymax=1E9, xlabel=$x$, ylabel=$y$] 

% Draw x-axis
\addplot [name path global=XAxisPath, gray,thin] coordinates{(0.0,0.0) (25,0.0)};

% Graph Function
\addplot[domain=0.0:21.42, samples=50, ultra thick, blue, name path global=GraphCurve]
    ({x},{GivenF(x)})
    node [left,yshift=-3.5ex,blue] {$y = e^x -10^9$};

\ShowIntersectionWithXAxisPath{GraphCurve}{$x \approx 20.723$}
\end{axis} 
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\end{filecontents}
%-----------------------------------------------------

\begin{document}
\ifdefined\AddTOC
    \pagenumbering{roman}
    \tableofcontents
%    \pagenumbering{arabic}
    \clearpage
\fi%

% Insert sufficient pages (only if necessary) to start
% first chapter on page 4. This leaves its position
% (and all subsequent ToC- and AUX-related content) fixed.
\foreach \n in {\value{page},...,4} {\typeout{test \thepage}\vbox{}\newpage}

\pagenumbering{arabic}% Only switch page numbering here, since this also sets page counter to 1
\chapter{First Chapter}
\foreach \x in {1,...,\NumberOfIterations}{
    \section{Section \x}
    \input{MyFigure.tex}
}
\end{document}

Answer

显然，文档元素在运行之间的移动导致了这个问题。这种移动与目录仅在第二次（及后续）运行中排版有关。因此，使用 Bruno 的建议设置目录的最小页数，我们使用先验知道第 1 章从（绝对）第 4 页开始，例如，通过以下方式仅插入必要数量的空白页：

\foreach \n in {\value{page},...,4} {\vbox{}\newpage}

由于是\value{page}相对于的的位置\foreach，因此第一次和后续编译都仅插入必要数量的页面以保留固定的起始位置。

提到“绝对”页码实际上只是指最新编号方案中的页码。但是，由于编号方案直到 MWE 的第一章才发生变化，因此引用是绝对的。

这是编译时没有错误的完整 MWE：

\def\NumberOfIterations{35}% ok if this is 34 or less

% Commenting out any one of these results in the file being generated
\def\AddWatermark{}%       if commented works fine (tested to 1000)
\def\AddPhantomXAxis{}%    if commented works fine (tested to 1000)
\def\AddTOC{}%             if commented works fine (tested to 1000)
\def\UseStandardChapter{}% if commented, problem occurs at 42 (exactly where the second page of the TOC would start).

\documentclass{book}

\ifdefined\UseStandardChapter
\else
    \renewcommand\chapter[1]{\section{#1}}
\fi

\usepackage{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}

\ifdefined\AddWatermark%% Problem on 2nd run if this is used
    \usepackage[all,center]{background}%
    \SetBgContents{\textsc{DRAFT}}%
    \SetBgOpacity{0.2}%
\fi

%% Does not appear to be needed to reproduce problem
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/21421/is-there-a-way-to-clear-paths-previously-defined-with-name-path-global-in-tikz
%
%\makeatletter%
%\tikzset{%
%  clear global paths/.style={%
%    execute at end picture=\clear@global@paths,%
%    name path global/.append code={%
%      \ifx\global@paths\pgfutil@empty%
%      \gdef\global@paths{##1}%
%      \else%
%      \xdef\global@paths{\global@paths,##1}%
%      \fi%
%    }%
%  },%
%  clear global paths now/.code={%
%    \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\csname tikz@intersect@path@name@#1\endcsname=\relax%
%  }%
%}%
%\let\global@paths=\pgfutil@empty%
%\def\clear@global@paths{%
%  \edef\@temp{\noexpand\pgfkeys{/tikz/clear global paths now/.list={\global@paths}}}%
%  \@temp%
%  \global\let\global@paths=\pgfutil@empty%
%  \global\let\tikz@intersect@namedpaths=\pgfutil@empty%
%}%
%\makeatother%

%%-----------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{MyFigure.tex}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}

\begin{document}

\ifdefined\AddPhantomXAxis
    \newcommand*{\DrawPhantomXAxis}{%% Problem on 2nd run if this is used
        % Draw a non-visible x-axis so that it can be 
        % used to determine intersections with x-axis
        \draw [mark=none, draw=none, name path=XAxisPath]%
            (current axis.left of origin) --%
            (current axis.right of origin);%
    }%
\else% Do absolutely nothing.
    \newcommand*{\DrawPhantomXAxis}{}%
\fi%


\newcommand*{\ShowIntersectionWithXAxisPath}[2]{
    \DrawPhantomXAxis{}% in case graphs did not have an x axis drawn
    \fill 
        [name intersections={of=#1 and XAxisPath, name=i, total=\t}] 
        [brown, opacity=1, every node/.style={black, opacity=1}] 
        \foreach \s in {1,...,\t}{(i-\s) circle (3pt)
            node [above left, red] {#2}};
}


\pgfmathdeclarefunction{GivenF}{1}{\pgfmathparse{exp(#1)-10^9}}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{axis}[xmin=0.0, xmax=25, ymin=-1E9, ymax=1E9, xlabel=$x$, ylabel=$y$] 

% Draw x-axis
\addplot [name path global=XAxisPath, gray,thin] coordinates{(0.0,0.0) (25,0.0)};

% Graph Function
\addplot[domain=0.0:21.42, samples=50, ultra thick, blue, name path global=GraphCurve]
    ({x},{GivenF(x)})
    node [left,yshift=-3.5ex,blue] {$y = e^x -10^9$};

\ShowIntersectionWithXAxisPath{GraphCurve}{$x \approx 20.723$}
\end{axis} 
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\end{filecontents}
%-----------------------------------------------------

\begin{document}
\ifdefined\AddTOC
    \pagenumbering{roman}
    \tableofcontents
%    \pagenumbering{arabic}
    \clearpage
\fi%

% Insert sufficient pages (only if necessary) to start
% first chapter on page 4. This leaves its position
% (and all subsequent ToC- and AUX-related content) fixed.
\foreach \n in {\value{page},...,4} {\typeout{test \thepage}\vbox{}\newpage}

\pagenumbering{arabic}% Only switch page numbering here, since this also sets page counter to 1
\chapter{First Chapter}
\foreach \x in {1,...,\NumberOfIterations}{
    \section{Section \x}
    \input{MyFigure.tex}
}
\end{document}

Question 2

问题在于如何pgf使用文件在运行之间跟踪项目.aux，以及这与你的特定情况如何交互。第一次运行时没有.aux文件，所以没有问题。

在第一次运行期间，pgf写入多行格式

\pgfsyspdfmark {pgfid<id>}{<x>}{<y>}

到.aux文件。这些用于跟踪具有绝对位置的项目（X和是值由发动机的位置跟踪系统生成）。在“正常”情况下，ID值在运行之间不会改变，因此当第二次运行开始时，所有内容都会匹配。ID这里的值表明每个水印都有一个，由于在那个阶段它们没有标记信息，所以在第一次运行中甚至不会打印。

通常，第二次运行会使用标记信息来放置绝对项目：本例中为水印。您的情况有点复杂。如果有 35 个或更多部分，页面布局等会导致将附加页面添加为目录的一部分。这意味着ID图形（水印、图表和轴）的值pgf会发生变化。这会弄乱ID新页面后的每个水印。

我不太清楚的是这与幻影轴有何关联。我怀疑这一定是中的某个错误pgf，因为这似乎也与的“选择”i-0作为无效标记的名称有关。我怀疑这与ID值是可管理的，但这对于开发人员来说会更容易解决！

您还会注意到，如果您继续检查第二次运行中的错误，则以后的任何运行都会正常。这是因为标记都是正确的，因此pgf可以查找相应的信息。

Answer