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如何按对齐的行和列排列条形图？

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如何按对齐的行和列排列条形图？

我正在使用 pgfplots 制作 xbar 图。在男性的不同年龄组（“年龄间隔”）中，根据一些测试选择一个获胜者（获胜者），并对该获胜者测量两个不同的变量（“测量 ​​1”和“测量 2”）。对获胜者的这种双重测量是在几个不同的州/国家进行的。对于每个国家，两个结果都显示为同一行上的两个条形图，请参阅所附代码。

我的问题是：

(1) 如何将每个国家名称放在其旁边 y 轴上的特定垂直位置？例如，我希望国家名称出现在其右侧条形图中下 x 轴和上 x 轴中间的垂直位置。

（2）如何使条形图的列垂直对齐，而不管国家名称的长度如何？

（3）如何将 y 标签（“年龄间隔”和“Winer”）放在与标题“Meas. 1”和“Meas. 2”完全相同的基线上（垂直对齐）？现在我已通过代码行手动调整了它

every axis y label/.style = {at={(yticklabel cs:0.94)}, rotate=0,anchor =center},

所以我想用一些坐标变量来交换“（yticklabel cs：0.94）”作为标题。

(4) 我怎样才能将 y 标签及其下方的 y 刻度标签拉离 y 轴一点？即以“年龄间隔”开头的列和以“测量 1”开头的列之间应该有更多的水平空间。

（5）我想在国家名称列上方添加一个名为“国家”的标题，并且该标题也应与标题“测量 1”和“测量 2”垂直对齐

(6) 我想将上面描述的所有行和列放在“figure”环境中，以便添加标题。如何防止此 figure 环境取消对齐国家名称和条形图的列？

（7）如何确保条形图行之间的水平空间与条形图列之间的垂直空间相同？

我的代码是：

% !TeX program  = pdflatex
% !TeX encoding = ISO-8859-1

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\pgfplotsset{
compat=newest, 
    width=4cm,
    height=4cm,
    title style = {yshift = 10pt},     
    xtick align = inside,
    xtick pos = both,
    xticklabel pos = upper,
    xmin=-5,
    xmax = 140,     
    ytick align = outside,   
    ytick pos = left, 
    yticklabel pos=left,  
    ymin =0,
    ymax = 5,    
    ytick=data,
    xbar,  
    nodes near coords,  
    every node near coord/.append style = {anchor=west},
}

% Measurements contry 1
\begin{filecontents}{data1.dat}
Age-interval  Y-Position   meas1    meas2        winner
20-30         1            15       45           John
30-40         2            20       13           Al
40-50         3            12        4           Andrew
50-60         4            24        1           Tom
\end{filecontents}

% Measurements contry 2
\begin{filecontents}{data2.dat}
Age-interval  Y-Position   meas1    meas2        winner
20-30         1            44       30           Peter
30-40         2            15       33           Steve
40-50         3             2       48           David
50-60         4            66       98           Alister
\end{filecontents}

% Measurements contry 3
\begin{filecontents}{data3.dat}
Age-interval  Y-Position   meas1    meas2        winner
20-30         1            13       22           Arne
30-40         2             1       48           Per
40-50         3             2        4           Ola
50-60         4            33       61           Anders
\end{filecontents}
\begin{document}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Ohio
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    title = {Meas. 1},
    yticklabel pos=left,
    yticklabels from table={data1.dat}{Age-interval},  
    ylabel = {Age interval},
   every axis y label/.style = {at={(yticklabel cs:1.3)}, rotate=0,anchor =center},
    bar width=4pt,  
]
\addplot table [
    y=Y-Position,
    x=meas1, 
] {data1.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    title = {Meas. 2},
    yticklabel pos=right,
    yticklabels from table={data1.dat}{winner}, 
    ylabel = {Winner},
       every axis y label/.style = {at={(yticklabel cs:0.94)},  rotate=0,anchor =center},
    ytick pos = right, 
    bar width=4pt, 
]
\addplot table [
    y=Y-Position,
    x=meas2, 
] {data1.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
South Carolina
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    yticklabel pos=left,
    yticklabels from table={data2.dat}{Age-interval},  
    bar width=4pt,
    xticklabels = none,  
]
\addplot table [
    y=Y-Position,
    x=meas1, 
] {data2.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    yticklabel pos=right,
    yticklabels from table={data2.dat}{winner}, 
    ytick pos = right, 
    bar width=4pt,
    xticklabels = none,     
]
\addplot table [
    y=Y-Position,
    x=meas2, 
] {data2.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Norway
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    yticklabel pos=left,
    yticklabels from table={data3.dat}{Age-interval}, 
    bar width=4pt,
    xticklabels = none,  
]
\addplot table [
    y=Y-Position,
    x=meas1, 
] {data3.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    yticklabel pos=right,
    yticklabels from table={data3.dat}{winner}, 
    ytick pos = right, 
    bar width=4pt,
    xticklabels = none,     
]
\addplot table [
    y=Y-Position,
    x=meas2, 
] {data3.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{document}

答案1

  1. 您可以使用extra description/.append code={\node at (yticklabel cs:0.5) [anchor=west] {<Region name>};}将节点放置在轴的中间位置，即刻度标签的左侧。但是，在这种情况下，我会采用不同的方法，因为您要将多个东西相互对齐。
  2. 您可以将所有的axis环境放在同一个环境中tikzpicture，并使用\matrix{<first axis> & <second axis> \\ <third axis> & <fourth axis>\\};将图表排列在网格中。这将自动对齐实际轴区域，忽略刻度标签和标签。
  3. 如果使用xlabel选项而不是title排版 x 轴标签的选项，则可以使用 命名该节点xlabel style={name=xlabel}，并使用 命名 y 刻度标签yticklabel style={name=yticklabel}。然后，您可以使用 对齐 y 轴标签ylabel style={at=(yticklabel.east|-xlabel.base), anchor=base east}。这会将 y 轴标签放置在 y 刻度标签的水平位置和 x 轴标签底部的垂直位置。
  4. 您可以使用密钥yticklabel shift=<length>来实现这一点。
  5. 这可以像我们对齐 y 轴标签的方式一样完成。我建议您使用 对齐区域名称extra description/.append code={\node (region label) at ({yticklabel cs:0.5}-|ylabel.west) [anchor=east,xshift=-1ex] {<region name>};}。这样，1ex无论该标签有多宽，它都会被放置在 y 轴标签的左侧。之后，您可以使用 对齐区域标题extra description/.append code={\node at (region label.east|-xlabel.base) [anchor=base east] {<region title>};}。
  6. \begin{figure}\begin{tikzpicture}\matrix{ <axis> & <axis> ...};\end{tikzpicture}\caption{<caption>}\end{figure}
  7. \matrix[column sep=<length>, row sep=<length>]{<axes>};

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{filecontents}

\pgfplotsset{
    compat=newest,
    width=4cm,
    height=4cm,
    title style = {yshift = 10pt,name=title},
    xtick align = inside,
    xtick pos = both,
    xticklabel pos = upper,
    yticklabel style={name=yticklabel},
    xlabel style={name=xlabel},
    ylabel style={rotate=-90},
    xmin=-5,
    xmax = 140,
    ytick align = outside,
    ytick pos = left,
    yticklabel pos=left,
    ymin =0,
    ymax = 5,
    ytick=data,
    xbar,
    nodes near coords,
    every node near coord/.append style = {anchor=west},
    yticklabel shift=0.25cm,
    region/.style={
        extra description/.append code={\node (region label) at ({yticklabel cs:0.5}-|ylabel.west) [anchor=east,xshift=-1ex] {#1};}
    },
    region title/.style={
        extra description/.append code={\node at (region label.east|-xlabel.base) [anchor=base east] {#1};}
    }
}

% Measurements contry 1

\begin{filecontents}{data1.dat}
Age-interval Y-Position meas1 meas2 winner
20-30 1 15 45 John
30-40 2 20 13 Al
40-50 3 12 4 Andrew
50-60 4 24 1 Tom
\end{filecontents}

% Measurements contry 2

\begin{filecontents}{data2.dat}
Age-interval Y-Position meas1 meas2 winner
20-30 1 44 30 Peter
30-40 2 15 33 Steve
40-50 3 2 48 David
50-60 4 66 98 Alister
\end{filecontents}

% Measurements contry 3

\begin{filecontents}{data3.dat}
Age-interval Y-Position meas1 meas2 winner
20-30 1 13 22 Arne
30-40 2 1 48 Per
40-50 3 2 4 Ola
50-60 4 33 61 Anders
\end{filecontents}
\begin{document}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[column sep=4pt, row sep=2pt]{
\begin{axis}[
    xlabel = {Meas. 1},
    yticklabel pos=left,
    yticklabels from table={data1.dat}{Age-interval},
    ylabel = {Age interval},
    ylabel style = {
        at=(yticklabel.east|-xlabel.base),
        anchor=base east,
        name=ylabel
    },
    bar width=4pt,
    region=Ohio,
    region title=Region
]

\addplot table [
y=Y-Position,
x=meas1,
] {data1.dat};
\end{axis}
&
\begin{axis}[
xlabel = {Meas. 2},
yticklabel pos=right,
yticklabels from table={data1.dat}{winner},
ylabel = {Winner},
    ylabel style = {
        at={(yticklabel.west|-xlabel.base)},
        anchor=base west,
    },
ytick pos = right,
bar width=4pt,
]

\addplot table [
y=Y-Position,
x=meas2,
] {data1.dat};
\end{axis}
\\
\begin{axis}[
yticklabel pos=left,
yticklabels from table={data2.dat}{Age-interval},
bar width=4pt,
xticklabels = none,
region=South Carolina
]

\addplot table [
y=Y-Position,
x=meas1,
] {data2.dat};
\end{axis}
&
\begin{axis}[
yticklabel pos=right,
yticklabels from table={data2.dat}{winner},
ytick pos = right,
bar width=4pt,
xticklabels = none,
]

\addplot table [
y=Y-Position,
x=meas2,
] {data2.dat};
\end{axis}

\\

\begin{axis}[
yticklabel pos=left,
yticklabels from table={data3.dat}{Age-interval},
bar width=4pt,
xticklabels = none,
region=Norway
]

\addplot table [
y=Y-Position,
x=meas1,
] {data3.dat};
\end{axis}
&

\begin{axis}[
yticklabel pos=right,
yticklabels from table={data3.dat}{winner},
ytick pos = right,
bar width=4pt,
xticklabels = none,
]

\addplot table [
y=Y-Position,
x=meas2,
] {data3.dat};
\end{axis}
\\};

\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Results of some contest for men}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\end{document}

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