如果我有 4 个节点，一个节点一个节点地叠在一起，我想知道控制节点间距的不同方法。我已经知道一些了：
\node[...below=1cm of xyz]\tikzstyle[...node distance = 2cm]\tikzstyle[...inner sep = 2pt]
有人可以提供给我一份更全面的选项列表吗？
在这种情况下，具体来说，我有一张这样的图片（正在进行中）
我希望能够控制大蓝框，使其更靠近左边界和右边界，而不是顶部和底部。我还想控制突触，使它们向下移动，这样突触 3 比突触 0 更靠近底部。我基本上想完全控制所有四个填充。这是用于生成上述图像的 TikZ 代码。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,
simulator engine/.style={fill=black!10,rounded corners,inner sep=20pt},
topology/.style={rounded corners,draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20,thick,inner sep=3pt},
neuron/.style={fill=blue!10,draw=blue,rounded corners,inner sep=15pt},
synapse/.style={draw=red!75,fill=red!20,rounded corners,inner sep=5pt},
empty synapse/.style={draw=blue!10,rounded corners,inner sep=5pt}
]
\node[simulator engine] (simulatorEngine) {
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[topology] (topology1) {
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [neuron] (neuron1-1) {
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [synapse,draw=blue] (synapse1-1-0) {$\text{Synapse}_{0}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-1-0] (synapse1-1-1) {$\text{Synapse}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-1-1] (synapse1-1-2) {$\text{Synapse}_{2}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.2cm of synapse1-1-2] (synapse1-1-e) {\ldots};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-1-e] (synapse1-1-3) {$\text{Synapse}_{3}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,draw=blue,right=0.2cm of neuron1-1] (neuron1-2) {
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [synapse,draw=blue] (synapse1-2-0) {$\text{Synapse}_{0}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-2-0] (synapse1-2-1) {$\text{Synapse}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-2-1] (synapse1-2-2) {$\text{Synapse}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-2-2] (synapse1-2-3) {$\text{Synapse}_{3}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,draw=blue,right=0.2cm of neuron1-2] (neuron1-3) {
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [synapse,draw=blue] (synapse1-3-0) {$\text{Synapse}_{0}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-3-0] (synapse1-3-1) {$\text{Synapse}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-3-1] (synapse1-3-2) {$\text{Synapse}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,draw=blue,below=0.1cm of synapse1-3-2] (synapse1-3-3) {$\text{Synapse}_{3}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [black,below] at (neuron1-1.north) {$\text{Neuron}_{0}$};
\node [black,below] at (neuron1-2.north) {$\text{Neuron}_{1}$};
\node [black,below] at (neuron1-3.north) {$\text{Neuron}_{2}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [black,below] at (simulatorEngine.north) {Simulator Engine};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
控制节点之间的间距？这是关于 tikz 的考试的好问题！
1. 是还是不是节点？
对于答案的下一部分，我认为使用“节点”的理由是合理的（第一个理由是显示一些文本）。我认为您不能认为这inner sep是一种控制节点间距的方法。例如，当line width增长时，线会恢复inner sep。
inner sep是对象的一部分 node。节点的两个重要部分是主体（此处为文本）和形状。形状的尺寸取决于主体的尺寸、的值 inner sep、的值line width。节点的定义给出了锚点。可以使用它们来放置节点。
2. 尺寸相同？
在放置节点之前，您需要知道所有节点是否具有相同的形状和尺寸。在这种情况下，可以自动放置节点。
3. 绝对位置
在下一个示例中，我使用绝对坐标。这很有趣，因为在这种情况下您可以应用比例选项。您需要提供每个节点的精确尺寸。最后两个列表之间的距离为 1.25 厘米（我使用比例选项）。我用 得到它($(\n.east)+(1,0)$)。xshift=1cm是另一种可能性，但在这种情况下，比例选项不起作用。
\documentclass[11pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[]{fourier} % I need to use €
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \n [count=\i from 0] in {A,B,C,D}
{\node [draw,minimum width =2cm,minimum height=2ex] at (0,\i*1 cm) {Text \n}; }
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1.25]
\foreach \n [count=\i from 0] in {a,b,c,d}
{\node [draw,minimum width =2cm,minimum height=2ex] (\n) at (0,\i*1 cm) {Text \n};}
\foreach \n [count=\i from 0] in {a,b,c,d}
{\node [draw,minimum width =2cm,
minimum height=2ex,anchor=west] (\n) at at ($(\n.east)+(1,0)$) {Text \n\i};}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
4. 使用锚点或定位库进行相对定位
字母放置在 (0,0) 处，但使用锚点将一个角放置在原点。然后将一个印章相对放置在右上角。第二个印章相对于第一个印章放置。left=2mm of stamp1替换anchor=north east,shift={(-2mm,0mm)}（参见注释行）。
\documentclass[11pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[]{fourier} % I need to use €
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style=draw,scale=1.25]
\tikzset{stamp/.style={fill=blue!20,minimum width=1cm,minimum height=1.4cm,align=center}}
\node[fill=lightgray!15,minimum width=10cm,minimum height=6cm,align=left,anchor=south west] (letter) at (0,0) {Mr AlterMundus\\Paris\\France};
\node [stamp,anchor=north east,shift={(-2mm,-2mm)}] (stamp1) at (letter.north east){2€};
%\node [stamp,anchor=north east,shift={(-2mm,0mm)}] (stamp2) at (stamp1.north west){2€};
\node[stamp,left=2mm of stamp1] {1€};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
5. 使用带（不带）网格选项的定位库进行相对定位
可以使用定位库将节点相对于其中心而不是边界放置。在下一个示例中，我使用了两种可能性
\documentclass[11pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[]{fourier} % I need to use €
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style=draw,scale=1.25]
\tikzset{card/.style={fill=blue!20,minimum width=1cm,minimum height=1.4cm,align=center}}
\draw[fill=green!15!black!20,minimum width=10cm,minimum height=6cm,align=left,anchor=south west] (0,0) rectangle (8,4) coordinate[pos=.5](O);
\node [above=.5cm,card,xshift=1cm] (card1) at (O){\Huge \textbf{V}};
\node[on grid,card,left=.6cm of card1] (card2){\Huge \textbf{D}};
\node[on grid,card,left=.6cm of card2] (card3){\Huge \textbf{R}};
\node[on grid,card,left=.6cm of card3] (card4){\Huge \textbf{A}};
\node [below=.5cm,,card,xshift=2cm] (card1) at (O){\Huge \textbf{V}};
\node[card,left=.5cm of card1] (card2){\Huge \textbf{D}};
\node[card,left=.5cm of card2] (card3){\Huge \textbf{R}};
\node[card,left=.5cm of card3] (card4){\Huge \textbf{A}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
节点距离
这仅对放置节点（相对方法）有用，而不需要精确的距离，但它是一个长度，而不是放置节点的“方式”。
结论如果您需要控制节点之间的间距，则可以使用定位库（带（不带）“在网格上”选项、中心到中心或边界到边界）或者您也可以使用锚点和绝对坐标。
答案2
这并非直接回答您的问题，但提供了控制 4 个sep值的句柄。我曾经matrix对齐突触，但使用库将拓扑和模拟器框推到背景层fit。之后，您可以移动、缩放或给出minimum heigth要求来覆盖矩形。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,fit,matrix}
\tikzset{simulator engine/.style={fill=black!10,
rounded corners,
inner sep=20pt,
label={[inner sep=1ex,yshift=-5ex,anchor=north]90:Simulator Engine}},
topology/.style={rounded corners,
draw=blue!50,
fill=blue!20,
thick,
inner sep=3pt},
neuron/.style={fill=blue!10,
draw=blue,
rounded corners,
inner sep=15pt},
synapse/.style={draw=red!75,
fill=red!20,
rounded corners,
inner sep=5pt},
empty synapse/.style={draw=none,
fill=none,
rounded corners,
inner sep=5pt}
}
\pgfdeclarelayer{simulator}
\pgfdeclarelayer{topology}
\pgfsetlayers{simulator,topology,main}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
\matrix (N0) [neuron,inner sep=3mm,
matrix of nodes,
nodes={synapse,draw=blue},
row sep=1mm,
nodes in empty cells,
outer sep=2mm]{
|[label={[inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0]90:Neuron$_0$}]| Synapse$_1$ \\
Synapse$_2$ \\
Synapse$_3$ \\
| [empty synapse] | $\vdots$ \\
Synapse$_4$ \\
};
\matrix (N1) at (3,0) [neuron,inner sep=3mm,
matrix of nodes,
nodes={synapse,draw=blue},
row sep=1mm,
nodes in empty cells,
outer sep=2mm]{
|[label={[inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0]90:Neuron$_0$}]| Synapse$_1$ \\
Synapse$_2$ \\
Synapse$_3$ \\
Synapse$_4$ \\
};
\begin{pgfonlayer}{topology}
\node[fit=(N0)(N1),topology,xshift=2mm,yshift=-1.5mm,minimum height=8cm] (T) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{simulator}
\node[fit=(N0)(N1)(T),simulator engine,xshift=2mm,yshift=2mm] (S) {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
您可以尝试使用最后两层中的shifts 和键来查看其效果。（最初将它们设置为零以查看原始对齐）minimum height
答案3
我找到了解决方法，我认为它对遇到同样问题的人可能有用。请注意，其他答案同样有效，甚至更有效。此外，这绝不是完美的，这里有很多作弊行为。
最终结果：
最小工作示例：
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,positioning,fit,petri,calc,shadows}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,
simulator engine/.style={%
thick,
fill=blue!10,
draw=black!75,
rounded corners,
inner ysep=4pt,
inner xsep=4pt
},
empty simulator engine/.style={%
fill=black!10,
rounded corners,
inner ysep=20pt,
inner xsep=5pt
},
topology/.style={%
general shadow={%
shadow scale=1,
shadow xshift=0.75ex,
shadow yshift=0.75ex,
opacity=0.75,
fill=black!50,
every shadow
},
rounded corners,
thick,
draw=blue!90,
fill=blue!35,
thick,
inner ysep=2pt,
inner xsep=2pt
},
empty topology/.style={%
fill=blue!10,
inner ysep=0pt,
inner xsep=0pt
},
neuron/.style={%
general shadow={%
shadow scale=1,
shadow xshift=0.5ex,
shadow yshift=0.5ex,
opacity=0.75,
fill=black!50,
every shadow
},
thick,
fill=blue!10,
draw=blue!75,
rounded corners,
inner ysep=2pt,
inner xsep=2pt,
minimum width=0.5cm
},
empty neuron/.style={%
fill=blue!35,
inner sep=0pt,
minimum width=0.05cm
},
synapse/.style={%
general shadow={%
shadow scale=1,
shadow xshift=0.5ex,
shadow yshift=0.5ex,
opacity=0.75,
fill=black!50,
every shadow
},
draw=red!75,
thick,
fill=red!20,
rounded corners,
inner ysep=3pt,
inner xsep=3pt,
minimum width=0.5cm
},
empty synapse/.style={%
draw=blue!10,
rounded corners,
inner sep=1pt
}
]
\node[simulator engine] (simulatorEngine) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[empty topology] (simulatorEngine-label) {Simulator Engine};
\node[topology,below=0.3cm of simulatorEngine-label,xshift=-4.3cm] (topology1) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[empty neuron] (topology1-label) {$\text{Topology}_{1}$};
\node [neuron,below=0.3cm of topology1-label,xshift=-1.6cm] (neuron1-1) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse1-1-label) {$\text{N}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse1-1-label] (synapse1-1-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-1-0] (synapse1-1-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-1-1] (synapse1-1-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-1-2] (synapse1-1-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-1-e] (synapse1-1-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron1-1] (neuron1-2) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse1-2-label) {$\text{N}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse1-2-label] (synapse1-2-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-2-0] (synapse1-2-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-2-1] (synapse1-2-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-2-2] (synapse1-2-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-2-e] (synapse1-2-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron1-2] (neuron1-3) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse1-3-label) {$\text{N}_{3}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse1-3-label] (synapse1-3-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-3-0] (synapse1-3-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-3-1] (synapse1-3-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-3-2] (synapse1-3-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-3-e] (synapse1-3-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [empty neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron1-3] (neuron1-e) {\ldots};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron1-e] (neuron1-l) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse1-l-label) {$\text{N}_{l}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse1-l-label] (synapse1-l-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-l-0] (synapse1-l-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-l-1] (synapse1-l-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-l-2] (synapse1-l-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse1-l-e] (synapse1-l-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node[topology,right=0.3cm of topology1] (topology2) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[empty neuron] (topology2-label) {$\text{Topology}_{2}$};
\node [neuron,below=0.3cm of topology2-label,xshift=-1.6cm] (neuron2-1) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse2-1-label) {$\text{N}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse2-1-label] (synapse2-1-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-1-0] (synapse2-1-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-1-1] (synapse2-1-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-1-2] (synapse2-1-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-1-e] (synapse2-1-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron2-1] (neuron2-2) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse2-2-label) {$\text{N}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse2-2-label] (synapse2-2-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-2-0] (synapse2-2-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-2-1] (synapse2-2-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-2-2] (synapse2-2-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-2-e] (synapse2-2-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron2-2] (neuron2-3) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse2-3-label) {$\text{N}_{3}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse2-3-label] (synapse2-3-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-3-0] (synapse2-3-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-3-1] (synapse2-3-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-3-2] (synapse2-3-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-3-e] (synapse2-3-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [empty neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron2-3] (neuron2-e) {\ldots};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuron2-e] (neuron2-l) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapse2-l-label) {$\text{N}_{l}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapse2-l-label] (synapse2-l-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-l-0] (synapse2-l-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-l-1] (synapse2-l-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-l-2] (synapse2-l-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapse2-l-e] (synapse2-l-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [empty topology,right=0.3cm of topology2] (topology-e) {\ldots};
\node[topology,right=0.1cm of topology-e] (topologyk) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[empty neuron] (topologyk-label) {$\text{Topology}_{k}$};
\node [neuron,below=0.3cm of topologyk-label,xshift=-1.6cm] (neuronk-1) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapsek-1-label) {$\text{N}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapsek-1-label] (synapsek-1-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-1-0] (synapsek-1-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-1-1] (synapsek-1-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-1-2] (synapsek-1-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-1-e] (synapsek-1-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuronk-1] (neuronk-2) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapsek-2-label) {$\text{N}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapsek-2-label] (synapsek-2-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-2-0] (synapsek-2-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-2-1] (synapsek-2-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-2-2] (synapsek-2-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-2-e] (synapsek-2-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuronk-2] (neuronk-3) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapsek-3-label) {$\text{N}_{3}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapsek-3-label] (synapsek-3-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-3-0] (synapsek-3-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-3-1] (synapsek-3-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-3-2] (synapsek-3-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-3-e] (synapsek-3-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\node [empty neuron,right=0.1cm of neuronk-3] (neuronk-e) {\ldots};
\node [neuron,right=0.1cm of neuronk-e] (neuronk-l) {%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [empty synapse] (synapsek-l-label) {$\text{N}_{l}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.3cm of synapsek-l-label] (synapsek-l-0) {$\text{S}_{1}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-l-0] (synapsek-l-1) {$\text{S}_{2}$};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-l-1] (synapsek-l-2) {$\text{S}_{3}$};
\node [empty synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-l-2] (synapsek-l-e) {\vdots};
\node [synapse,below=0.1cm of synapsek-l-e] (synapsek-l-n) {$\text{S}_{n}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\end{tikzpicture}
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}