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将 \overline 对齐为“斜体”字体

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将 \overline 对齐为“斜体”字体

在数学模式下，倾斜的字符看起来与\overline: 有点脱节$\overline{P}$，看起来很奇怪；当然，我希望条形图更靠右对齐，至少倾斜程度与字母顶部一样。如何实现这一点？

答案1

以下内容摘自聊天中最近的讨论。

为了最多情况下，以下修改后的\overline名为的定义\myol有效：

\newcommand{\myol}[2][3]{{}\mkern#1mu\overline{\mkern-#1mu#2}}

默认调整为\overline（3mu点击图像放大以获取更多细节）：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\newcommand{\myol}[2][3]{{}\mkern#1mu\overline{\mkern-#1mu#2}}
\begin{document}
\[\begin{array}{c}
  \overline{A}\ \overline{B}\ \overline{C}\ \overline{D}      \overline{E}\ \overline{F}\ \overline{G}\ \overline{H}      \overline{I}\ \overline{J}\ \overline{K}\ \overline{L}      \overline{M}\ \overline{N}\ \overline{O}\ \overline{P}      \overline{Q}\ \overline{R}\ \overline{S}\ \overline{T}      \overline{U}\ \overline{V}\ \overline{W}\ \overline{X}      \overline{Y}\ \overline{Z}\\[\jot]
  \myol{A}\ \myol{B}\ \myol{C}\ \myol{D}      \myol{E}\ \myol{F}\ \myol{G}\ \myol{H}      \myol{I}\ \myol{J}\ \myol{K}\ \myol{L}      \myol{M}\ \myol{N}\ \myol{O}\ \myol{P}      \myol{Q}\ \myol{R}\ \myol{S}\ \myol[1]{T}      \myol{U}\ \myol[1]{V}\ \myol[1]{W}\ \myol{X}      \myol[1]{Y}\ \myol{Z}
\end{array}\]
\end{document}

请注意，\myol对于上重下窄的字母（如上例中的 、 和 ），T需要V进行W一些调整。Y

答案2

这是一个自动宏。它受到 TeXBook 第 375 页的启发，并来自\skewLaTeX2e 内核的定义。我很讨厌进入和退出数学模式，但这样，宏\skoverline就可以将一些更通用的材料与其参数中的字母混合在一起。

\documentclass{article}

\newbox\usefulbox

\makeatletter
\def\getslant #1{\strip@pt\fontdimen1 #1}

\def\skoverline #1{\mathchoice
 {{\setbox\usefulbox=\hbox{$\m@th\displaystyle #1$}%
    \dimen@ \getslant\the\textfont\symletters \ht\usefulbox
    \divide\dimen@ \tw@ 
    \kern\dimen@ 
    \overline{\kern-\dimen@ \box\usefulbox\kern\dimen@ }\kern-\dimen@ }}
 {{\setbox\usefulbox=\hbox{$\m@th\textstyle #1$}%
    \dimen@ \getslant\the\textfont\symletters \ht\usefulbox
    \divide\dimen@ \tw@ 
    \kern\dimen@ 
    \overline{\kern-\dimen@ \box\usefulbox\kern\dimen@ }\kern-\dimen@ }}
 {{\setbox\usefulbox=\hbox{$\m@th\scriptstyle #1$}%
    \dimen@ \getslant\the\scriptfont\symletters \ht\usefulbox
    \divide\dimen@ \tw@ 
    \kern\dimen@ 
    \overline{\kern-\dimen@ \box\usefulbox\kern\dimen@ }\kern-\dimen@ }}
 {{\setbox\usefulbox=\hbox{$\m@th\scriptscriptstyle #1$}%
    \dimen@ \getslant\the\scriptscriptfont\symletters \ht\usefulbox
    \divide\dimen@ \tw@ 
    \kern\dimen@ 
    \overline{\kern-\dimen@ \box\usefulbox\kern\dimen@ }\kern-\dimen@ }}%
 {}}
\makeatother

\begin{document}\thispagestyle{empty}

$\overline{P}$

$\skoverline{P}$ 

$x^{\overline{M}}$

$x^{\skoverline{M}}$

$\overline{SPQR}$

$\skoverline{SPQR}$


\end{document}

例子

代码被盗沃纳的回答：

\[\begin{array}{c}
  \overline{A}\ \overline{B}\ \overline{C}\ \overline{D}      \overline{E}\ \overline{F}\ \overline{G}\ \overline{H}      \overline{I}\ \overline{J}\ \overline{K}\ \overline{L}      \overline{M}\ \overline{N}\ \overline{O}\ \overline{P}      \overline{Q}\ \overline{R}\ \overline{S}\ \overline{T}      \overline{U}\ \overline{V}\ \overline{W}\ \overline{X}      \overline{Y}\ \overline{Z}\\[\jot]
  \skoverline{A}\ \skoverline{B}\ \skoverline{C}\ \skoverline{D}      \skoverline{E}\ \skoverline{F}\ \skoverline{G}\ \skoverline{H}      \skoverline{I}\ \skoverline{J}\ \skoverline{K}\ \skoverline{L}      \skoverline{M}\ \skoverline{N}\ \skoverline{O}\ \skoverline{P}      \skoverline{Q}\ \skoverline{R}\ \skoverline{S}\ \skoverline{T}      \skoverline{U}\ \skoverline{V}\ \skoverline{W}\ \skoverline{X}      \skoverline{Y}\ \skoverline{Z}
\end{array}\]

字母

答案3

我非常喜欢 user4686 对 skoverline 的定义，但我发现 LaTeX2e 代码有点难以阅读/理解/修改。因此，我尝试将代码移植到 LaTeX3。据我所知，以下代码应该产生完全相同的结果（即上划线的字距为当前字体倾斜“宽度”的一半）。

% -- skoverline (ported from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/95079/114489 CC-BY-SA 3.0) --

% Gets the slant per pt of the height of a character in a given font.
% Returns a dimensionless value which can be multiplied with a height in pt.
\cs_new:Nn \__skoverline_get_slant_per_pt_of_height:n { \dim_to_decimal:n { \fontdimen1 #1 } }

% Typesets an overline kerned by a given amount for a given box.
%
% Usage: \__skoverline_kerned_overline:NN <kern dim> <content box>
\cs_new:Nn \__skoverline_kerned_overline:NN
{
    % Start drawing overline after half the slant width.
    \kern #1
    \overline
        {
            % Move back half the slant width.
            \kern -#1
            % Insert the box containing the content.
            \box_use_drop:N #2
            % Move half the slant width forward again.
            \kern #1
        }
    % Move half the slant width back once more, after finishing the overline.
    \kern -#1
}

\NewDocumentCommand \skoverline { m }
{
    \mathchoice
        {{ % display style math
            % Typeset #1 in hbox and store in variable for measuring and later use.
            \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box { $\dim_zero:N \mathsurround \displaystyle #1$ }
            % Get the slant width for the hbox's height.
            % (note: in a dimension expression, writing values next to each other is multiplication)
            %
            % |←→|____
            % |  /   /
            % | /   /
            % |/___/
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim
                {
                    \__skoverline_get_slant_per_pt_of_height:n { \textfont\symletters }
                    \box_ht:N \l_tmpa_box
                }
            
            % Use only half the slant width.
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim { \l_tmpa_dim / 2 }

            % This results in the overline being above the slanted character's
            % horizontal at half it's height.
            %
            %  |←-→|
            %     ____
            %   /   /
            %  /   /
            % /___/

            \__skoverline_kerned_overline:NN \l_tmpa_dim \l_tmpa_box
        }}
        {{ % text style math
            \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box { $\dim_zero:N \mathsurround \textstyle #1$ }
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim
                {
                    \__skoverline_get_slant_per_pt_of_height:n { \textfont\symletters }
                    \box_ht:N \l_tmpa_box
                }
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim { \l_tmpa_dim / 2 }

            \__skoverline_kerned_overline:NN \l_tmpa_dim \l_tmpa_box
        }}
        {{ % script style math
            \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box { $\dim_zero:N \mathsurround \scriptstyle #1$ }
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim
                {
                    \__skoverline_get_slant_per_pt_of_height:n { \scriptfont\symletters }
                    \box_ht:N \l_tmpa_box
                }
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim { \l_tmpa_dim / 2 }

            \__skoverline_kerned_overline:NN \l_tmpa_dim \l_tmpa_box
        }}
        {{ % script script style math
            \hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box { $\dim_zero:N \mathsurround \scriptscriptstyle #1$ }
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim
                {
                    \__skoverline_get_slant_per_pt_of_height:n { \scriptscriptfont\symletters }
                    \box_ht:N \l_tmpa_box
                }
            \dim_set:Nn \l_tmpa_dim { \l_tmpa_dim / 2 }

            \__skoverline_kerned_overline:NN \l_tmpa_dim \l_tmpa_box
        }}
}

为了证明它仍然以这种方式工作，以下是来自https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/95084/4686使用此实现进行排版（使用独立类、fontspec 和 unicode-math）： 在此处输入图片描述

注意：我还没有编写 LaTeX 宏的经验，这些宏实际上可以“手动”排版，而且我对 LaTeX2e 宏的理解也有限。如果有 LaTeX 专家能给我一些提示或更正，我将不胜感激。^^

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