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Tikz：如何创建新的形状类型：评论

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Tikz：如何创建新的形状类型：评论

我想创建一个带有注释的流程图：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,backgrounds,calc}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.7cm, auto]
\tikzset{
        line/.style = {draw},
        comment/.style = {rectangle, draw, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=2em,fill=white},
        terminator/.style = {shape=rounded rectangle, draw, inner sep=2mm},
}

\node[terminator] (node-1) {begin};

\node [comment, below of=node-1] (node-2) {comment comment comment};

\begin{scope}[on background layer]
  \draw[fill=gray!40] ($(node-2.south west)+(-2mm,-2mm)$) rectangle ($(node-2.north east)+(2mm, 2mm)$);
\end{scope}

\path [line] (node-1) -- ($(node-2.north)+(0mm,+2mm)$);

\node[terminator, below of=node-2, node distance=1.5cm] (node-3) {end};

\path [line] ($(node-2.south)+(0mm,-2mm)$) -- (node-3);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

它给出了这个：

在此处输入图片描述

但评论不是块，而是两个元素：背景层和圆角矩形。如何使用锚点从中创建新形状？

答案1

这很棘手，但可以奏效。您可以绘制并使用选项在其上background node放置一个。label nodecenter

问题：您必须调整主节点大小，重复相同的文本并进行修复inner sep。优点：您可以使用main node锚点来绘制边缘。

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.7cm, auto]
\tikzset{
        line/.style = {draw},
        comment/.style = {rectangle, draw, text centered, 
                rounded corners, minimum height=2em,fill=white},
        comment border/.style = {comment, rounded corners=0pt, 
                fill=gray!40, inner sep=4mm, minimum height=2em+4mm},
        terminator/.style = {shape=rounded rectangle, draw, inner sep=2mm},
}

\node[terminator] (node-1) {begin};

\node [comment border, below of=node-1,
       label={[comment]center:comment comment comment}] 
      (node-2) {comment comment comment};

\node[terminator, below of=node-2, node distance=1.5cm] (node-3) {end};

\draw (node-1)--(node-2);
\draw (node-2)--(node-3);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

如果你不想使用这个技巧，可以尝试makeshape今天在 CTAN 上宣布了这一消息。

编辑：2on 选项

另一个不太棘手的选择是使用matrix of nodes节点。Amatrix是node包含其他 的nodes，因此可以对矩阵和每个节点应用不同的样式。

comment/.style = {matrix of nodes, 
% Next lines apply to matrix and all inner nodes
                  draw, fill=gray!40, inner sep=5pt, 
% Next lines define style for inner nodes.
% It's possible to change previous options 
                  nodes={text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=2em, 
                          fill=white, inner sep=3pt}
                  },

所有行内都必须以'\'结尾，所以我们在使用节点和包含在部分内matrix时需要小心：comment\\text

\node [comment, below of=node-1] 
      (node-2) {comment comment comment\\};

结果是一样的，但是代码变成了：

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,matrix} %<- Don't forget matrix library
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.7cm, auto]
\tikzset{
        line/.style = {draw},
        comment/.style = {matrix of nodes, 
        % Next lines apply to matrix and all inner nodes
                           draw, fill=gray!40, inner sep=5pt, 
        % Next lines define style for inner nodes.
        % It's possible to change previous options 
                          nodes={text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=2em, 
                          fill=white, inner sep=3pt}
                          },            
        terminator/.style = {shape=rounded rectangle, draw, inner sep=2mm},
}

\node[terminator] (node-1) {begin};

\node [comment, below of=node-1] 
      (node-2) {comment comment comment\\};

\node[terminator, below of=node-2, node distance=1.5cm] (node-3) {end};

\draw (node-1)--(node-2);
\draw (node-2)--(node-3);

\end{tikzpicture}

答案2

解决方案如下append path picture：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\tikzset{
        line/.style = {draw},
        comment/.style = {
          draw, text centered,
          minimum height=2em+4mm, inner xsep=.3333em+4mm,
          append after command={\pgfextra{
              \pgfinterruptpath
              % fill white
              \fill[white] (\tikzlastnode.south west)
              rectangle (\tikzlastnode.north east);
              % fill gray region
              \fill[fill=gray,even odd rule,draw]
              (\tikzlastnode.south west) rectangle (\tikzlastnode.north east)
              [rounded corners]
              ([shift={(2mm,2mm)}]\tikzlastnode.south west)
              rectangle ([shift={(-2mm,-2mm)}]\tikzlastnode.north east);
              \endpgfinterruptpath
            }
          },
        },
        terminator/.style = {rounded corners, draw, inner sep=2mm},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[on grid,node distance=1.7cm]
\node[terminator] (node-1) {begin};
\node [comment, below=1.7cm of node-1] (node-2) {comment comment comment};
\path [line] (node-1) -- (node-2);
\node[terminator, below=1.5cm of node-2] (node-3) {end};
\path [line] (node-2) -- (node-3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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