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温度计的填充物

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温度计的填充物

这里的目标是创建一个填充温度计，以达到所需的摄氏度或华氏度。当然，欢迎对下面的代码进行优化，就像我如何创建标签或图表本身一样。这是 MWE：

\documentclass[letterpaper]{article}
%\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.5pt, x=0.5pt,yscale=-1, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt]
\path[draw=black,fill=white,miter limit=4,even odd rule,line width=2.5pt,fill=gray!20]
  (280.0313,169.3125) .. controls (263.9888,169.3125) and (250.6461,179.3446) ..
  (247.8125,192.5625) -- 
  (247.3438,563.7500) .. controls (235.7346,573.2243) and (228.3438,587.6282) ..
  (228.3438,603.7813) .. controls (228.3438,632.3161) and (251.4651,655.4688) ..
  (280.0000,655.4688) .. controls (308.5349,655.4688) and (331.6563,632.3161) ..
  (331.6563,603.7813) .. controls (331.6563,587.6282) and (324.2654,573.2243) ..
  (312.6563,563.7500) -- 
  (312.2500,192.5625) .. controls 
  (309.4164,179.3446) and (296.0737,169.3125) .. (280.0313,169.3125) -- cycle;
\foreach \y/\x in {190/100,
                   227/90,
                   264/80,
                   301/70,
                   338/60,
                   375/50,
                   412/40,
                   449/30,
                   486/20,
                   523/10,
                   560/0%
                   }
    {
    \draw (210,\y)--(190,\y) node[left](\x){\x\textdegree C~};
    }
\foreach \u/\v in {189.999/212,
                   231.111/192,
                   272.222/172,
                   313.333/152,
                   354.444/132,
                   395.555/112,
                   436.666/92,
                   477.777/72,
                   518.888/52,
                   559.999/32%
                   }
    {
    \draw (350,\u)--(370,\u) node[right](\v){\v\textdegree F};
    }
\draw (200,190)node[yshift=4ex, OrangeRed] {Celsius} --(200,560) ;  
\draw (360,190)node[yshift=4ex, Cerulean] {Fahrenheit}--(360,560);
\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (100) {Water boils};
\draw node[xshift=5em, Cerulean] at (212) {Water boils};
\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (0) {Water freezes};
\draw node[xshift=5em, Cerulean] at (32) {Water freezes};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

这是上述代码的一个示例：

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

最简单的方法：

  1. 绘制鳞片的节点。
  2. 绘制/填充温度计。
  3. 使用path picture和声明的节点填充温度计的下部。

对于 53 °C，您可以使用

\path (C0) -- (C100) coordinate[pos=.53] (@aux);
\fill[red] (@aux) rectangle (path picture bounding box.south east);

对于华氏温标，您可以使用相同的方法，但需要事先计算位置（0°F 处未图示的坐标可能会有所帮助）。

除此之外，还可以进行以下改进：

  • 这种形状具有明确的锚点，可用于放置鳞片。（我认为实现鳞片可能会是一项大工程，因为人们可以用非常不同的风格绘制鳞片。）

  • 与上面相同，但在 TikZ 中而不是 PGF（不是形状，而是带有insert path一些选项，定义了一些可用于绘制比例的坐标（“锚点”）。

代码

\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames}{xcolor}
\documentclass[letterpaper,tikz,convert=false]{standalone}
\usepackage{fourier}
\tikzset{
  thermometer/.style={insert path={
    (280.0313,169.3125) .. controls (263.9888,169.3125) and (250.6461,179.3446) ..
    (247.8125,192.5625) -- 
    (247.3438,563.7500) .. controls (235.7346,573.2243) and (228.3438,587.6282) ..
    (228.3438,603.7813) .. controls (228.3438,632.3161) and (251.4651,655.4688) ..
    (280.0000,655.4688) .. controls (308.5349,655.4688) and (331.6563,632.3161) ..
    (331.6563,603.7813) .. controls (331.6563,587.6282) and (324.2654,573.2243) ..
    (312.6563,563.7500) -- 
    (312.2500,192.5625) .. controls 
    (309.4164,179.3446) and (296.0737,169.3125) .. (280.0313,169.3125) -- cycle
}}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.5pt, x=0.5pt,yscale=-1, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt]
\foreach \y/\x in {190/100,227/90,264/80,301/70,338/60,375/50,412/40,449/30,486/20,523/10,560/0}
  \draw (210,\y)--(190,\y) node[left](C\x){\x\textdegree C~};
\foreach \u/\v in {189.999/212,231.111/192,272.222/172,313.333/152,354.444/132,395.555/112,436.666/92,477.777/72,518.888/52,559.999/32}
    \draw (350,\u)--(370,\u) node[right](F\v){\v\textdegree F};

\path[draw=black,fill=white,miter limit=4,even odd rule,line width=2.5pt,fill=gray!20]
   [thermometer][path picture={\fill[red] (C40) rectangle (path picture bounding box.south east);}];
\draw (200,190)node[yshift=4ex, OrangeRed] {Celsius} --(200,560) ;  
\draw (360,190)node[yshift=4ex, Cerulean] {Fahrenheit}--(360,560);
\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (C100) {Water boils};
\draw node[xshift=5em, Cerulean] at (F212) {Water boils};
\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (C0) {Water freezes};
\draw node[xshift=5em, Cerulean] at (F32) {Water freezes};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

输出

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

这是最接近形状的。这是insert path使用键值的解决方案。

希望它们是不言自明的。

添加键scale name是为了使最后绘制的温度计具有独立于键的名称 name。（假设您绘制了几个温度计。如果您想添加一个刻度，您很可能希望在不同的路径上使用它，这样您就不会得到相同的绘制线（尽管我刚刚意识到这可以通过避免edge）。）

如果您想添加比四个角更多的“锚点”，则需要添加coordinates。

您可以稍微调整一下角度值，看看它们会产生什么效果（应该不会有什么意外，只是不要使用零或非常大的值（尽管应该可以捕获零））。

这些量表仅被称为left并right概括该方法。

底部圆的中心位于最后一个路径坐标处（在我们的例子中是(0,0)）。

鉴于实现，tm scale人们可以轻松编写一个\foreach使用给定值而不是计算相同大小的值的循环。

代码

\documentclass[tikz,convert=false]{standalone}
\usepackage{fourier,siunitx}
\definecolor{coldblue}{cmyk}{0.321 0.004 0 0.047}
\definecolor{hotred}{cmyk}{0 0.89 .80 .19}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{
  declare function={
    celsiusToFahrenheit(\pgf@temp)=\pgf@temp*1.8+32;
    fahrenheitToCelsius(\pgf@temp)=(\pgf@temp-32)/1.8;
  },
  thermometer/name/.initial=tm,
  thermometer/height/.initial=+4cm,
  thermometer/width/.initial=+1cm,
  thermometer/top angle/.initial=180,
  thermometer/bottom angle/.initial=270,
  thermometer/top left/.initial=100,
  thermometer/bottom left/.initial=0,
  thermometer/top right/.initial={celsiusToFahrenheit(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/top left})},
  thermometer/bottom right/.initial={celsiusToFahrenheit(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/bottom left})},
  thermometer/left steps/.initial=10,
  thermometer/right steps/.initial=9,
  thermometer/scale distance/.initial=+.5cm,
  thermometer/scale name/.initial=tm@tm,
  thermometer/.search also={/tikz},
  thermometer/.code={\pgfqkeys{/tikz/thermometer}{#1}},
  Thermometer/.style={
    insert path={{%
      [thermometer={#1}]
      [/utils/exec=%
      \pgfmathsetlengthmacro\tikz@tm@halfwidth{(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/width})/2}%
      \pgfmathsetmacro\tikz@tm@bottomaux{180-.5*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/bottom angle})}%
      \pgfmathsetlengthmacro\tikz@tm@bottomradius{\tikz@tm@halfwidth/(sin(\tikz@tm@bottomaux))}%
      \pgfmathsetmacro\tikz@tm@topaux{180-.5*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/top angle})}%
      \pgfmathsetlengthmacro\tikz@tm@topradius{\tikz@tm@halfwidth/(sin(\tikz@tm@topaux))}%
      ]
      ++ (90+\tikz@tm@bottomaux:\tikz@tm@bottomradius)
        coordinate[alias=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-bottom left] (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/name}-bottom left)
      arc [start angle=90+\tikz@tm@bottomaux, delta angle={\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/bottom angle}}, radius=+\tikz@tm@bottomradius]
        coordinate[alias=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-bottom right] (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/name}-bottom right)
      -- ++ (+90:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/height})
        coordinate[alias=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-top right] (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/name}-top right)
      arc [start angle=-90+\tikz@tm@topaux, delta angle={\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/top angle}}, radius=+\tikz@tm@topradius]
        coordinate[alias=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-top left] (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/name}-top left)
      -- cycle
  }}},
  tm scale/.style 2 args={
    insert path={{
      [thermometer={#2}]
      ([shift={(#1:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale distance})}] \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-bottom #1) --
      ([shift={(#1:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale distance})}] \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-top #1)
      \foreach \tikz@tm@scale[
        evaluate={\tikz@tm@pos=\tikz@tm@scale/(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/#1 steps})},
        evaluate={\tikz@tm@value=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/bottom #1}+\tikz@tm@pos*(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/top #1}-(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/bottom #1}))}
      ] in {0,...,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/#1 steps}} {
        node[pos/.expanded=\tikz@tm@pos, tm scale #1/.expanded={\tikz@tm@value}] {}
      }
    }}
  },
  tm fill/.style args={#1#2:[#3]#4}{% #1 shouln’t be a comma, #2 is cheating, #3 are options (mandatory), #4 is the value
                                    % may as well some other keys ... meh :|
    /utils/exec={%
      \if#1l
        \def\pgf@tempa{east}%
        \def\pgf@tempb{west}%
      \else
        \def\pgf@tempa{west}%
        \def\pgf@tempb{east}%
      \fi
      \pgfmathsetmacro\tikt@tm@pos{#4/(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/top #1#2}-(\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/bottom #1#2}))}},
    path picture={
      \path (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-bottom #1#2 -| path picture bounding box.south \pgf@tempb) --
            (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/thermometer/scale name}-top #1#2 -| path picture bounding box.south \pgf@tempb) coordinate[pos/.expanded=\tikt@tm@pos, name=tm@aux];
      \fill [style/.expanded={#3}] (path picture bounding box.south \pgf@tempa) rectangle (tm@aux);
    }
  }
}
\makeatother

\tikzset{% The \csname l__siunitx_unit_product_tl\endcsname is ugly. :(
  tm scale left/.style={
    shape=rectangle,
    draw,
    inner sep=+0pt,
    minimum height=+0pt,
    minimum width=+10pt,
    label={left:{\tablenum[table-format=3.0,table-auto-round]{#1}\csname l__siunitx_unit_product_tl\endcsname\si{\celsius}}}
  },
  tm scale right/.style={
    shape=rectangle,
    draw,
    inner sep=+0pt,
    minimum height=+0pt,
    minimum width=+10pt,
    label={right:{\tablenum[table-format=3.0,table-auto-round]{#1}\csname l__siunitx_unit_product_tl\endcsname\si{\degree F}}}
  }
}
\begin{document}
\foreach \CELSIUS[evaluate={\CELSIUSCOLOR=min(\CELSIUS,100)}] in {0,5,...,120}{% Careful, will typeset 25 pages!
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path [draw=black,line width=2.5pt,fill=gray!20]
      [Thermometer]
      [tm fill={left:[hotred!\CELSIUSCOLOR!coldblue]\CELSIUS}];
\draw [tm scale={left}{}]
      [tm scale={right}{}];
\end{tikzpicture}}
\end{document}

输出

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

这里尝试先将路径定义为宏，先填充整个温度计，然后裁剪温度计的填充液体，最后画出轮廓。可以通过改变线条来改变液位\def\tempincelsius{55}。

\documentclass{standalone}
%\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=0.5pt, x=0.5pt,yscale=-1, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt]
\def\thermopath{
  (280.0313,169.3125) .. controls (263.9888,169.3125) and (250.6461,179.3446) ..
  (247.8125,192.5625) -- 
  (247.3438,563.7500) .. controls (235.7346,573.2243) and (228.3438,587.6282) ..
  (228.3438,603.7813) .. controls (228.3438,632.3161) and (251.4651,655.4688) ..
  (280.0000,655.4688) .. controls (308.5349,655.4688) and (331.6563,632.3161) ..
  (331.6563,603.7813) .. controls (331.6563,587.6282) and (324.2654,573.2243) ..
  (312.6563,563.7500) -- 
  (312.2500,192.5625) .. controls 
  (309.4164,179.3446) and (296.0737,169.3125) .. (280.0313,169.3125) -- cycle
 }
\path[miter limit=4,even odd rule,fill=gray!20]
    \thermopath;

\def\tempincelsius{55}
\begin{scope}
    \clip \thermopath;
    \fill[red] (210,{560- 3.7*\tempincelsius}) -- ++(140,0)
        -- (350, 690) -- (210, 690) -- cycle;
\end{scope}

\path[draw=black,miter limit=4,even odd rule,line width=2.5pt]
    \thermopath;

\foreach \y/\x in {190/100,
                   227/90,
                   264/80,
                   301/70,
                   338/60,
                   375/50,
                   412/40,
                   449/30,
                   486/20,
                   523/10,
                   560/0%
                   }
    {
    \draw (210,\y)--(190,\y) node[left](\x){\x\textdegree C~};
    }
\foreach \u/\v in {189.999/212,
                   231.111/192,
                   272.222/172,
                   313.333/152,
                   354.444/132,
                   395.555/112,
                   436.666/92,
                   477.777/72,
                   518.888/52,
                   559.999/32%
                   }
    {
    \draw (350,\u)--(370,\u) node[right](\v){\v\textdegree F};
    }
\draw (200,190)node[yshift=4ex, OrangeRed] {Celsius} --(200,560) ;  
\draw (360,190)node[yshift=4ex, Cerulean] {Fahrenheit}--(360,560);
\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (100) {Water boils};
\draw node[xshift=5em, Cerulean] at (212) {Water boils};
\draw node[xshift=-5em, OrangeRed] at (0) {Water freezes};
\draw node[xshift=5em, Cerulean] at (32) {Water freezes};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

截屏

答案4

在外观或定制方面没有增加太多内容，但通过深入研究数学引擎的一些（未记录的）特性，可以添加后缀运算符c并f根据预先指定的范围扩展其计算\thermometerlength：

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\pgfmathdeclareoperator{f}{fahrenheit}{1}{postfix}{600}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{fahrenheit}{1}{%
    \begingroup%
        \pgfmathparse{int((#1-32)/1.8)*\thermometerlength/100}%
        \expandafter%
    \endgroup\expandafter\edef\expandafter\pgfmathresult\expandafter{\pgfmathresult}%
}
\pgfmathdeclareoperator{c}{celcius}{1}{postfix}{600}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{celcius}{1}{%
    \begingroup%
        \pgfmathparse{#1*\thermometerlength/100}%
        \expandafter%
    \endgroup\expandafter\edef\expandafter\pgfmathresult\expandafter{\pgfmathresult}%
}

\def\thermometerlength{5}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
    temperature/.style={
        insert path={
            (cos 50, 0) arc(50:-230:1) -- ++(0,#1) -- ++(2*cos 50,0) -- cycle
        }
    }]

\draw  (-1.5, 0) -- +(0, 100c);
\foreach \c in {0,10,...,100}
    \draw (-1.5,\c c) +(0.25, 0) -- +(-0.25,0) node [left] {\c$^\circ$ C};

\draw  (1.5, 0) -- +(0, 212f);
\foreach \f in {32,52,...,212}
    \draw (1.5,\f f)  +(-0.25, 0) -- +(0.25,0) node [right] {\f$^\circ$ F};

\fill [red!75, temperature=55c];

\draw [ultra thick] 
    (cos 50, 0) arc(50:-230:1) -- ++(0, 100c) arc (180:0:cos 50) -- cycle;

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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