我刚刚更新了我所有的 MikTeX 包，试图解决这个问题：Biblatex 引用和参考书目在 Texmaker 中行为不当 - 救命！。现在 TeXworks 和 TeXmaker 都无法编译哪怕是最简单的示例文档。我正在使用 biblatex 和 biber 来编写参考书目，我遇到的问题正是导致我走上这条道路的原因。
测试 .tex 文件是
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\bibliography{refs}
\begin{document}
Hello\cite{KandR}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
.bib 文件是
@BOOK
{KandR,
AUTHOR = "Kernighan, Brian W. and Ritchie, Dennis M.",
TITLE = "{The C Programming Language Second Edition}",
PUBLISHER = "Prentice-Hall, Inc.",
YEAR = 1988
}
这个简单的.tex 文件的日志文件是：
LOG FILE :
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (MiKTeX 2.9) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2013.10.16) 16 OCT 2013 17:37
entering extended mode
**test.tex
("C:\Users\Mike\Documents\Study\University of Salford\Coursework\MSc project wo
rk\Dissertation files\LaTeX\Tests\test.tex"
LaTeX2e <2011/06/27>
Babel <v3.8m> and hyphenation patterns for english, afrikaans, ancientgreek, ar
abic, armenian, assamese, basque, bengali, bokmal, bulgarian, catalan, coptic,
croatian, czech, danish, dutch, esperanto, estonian, farsi, finnish, french, ga
lician, german, german-x-2013-05-26, greek, gujarati, hindi, hungarian, iceland
ic, indonesian, interlingua, irish, italian, kannada, kurmanji, latin, latvian,
lithuanian, malayalam, marathi, mongolian, mongolianlmc, monogreek, ngerman, n
german-x-2013-05-26, nynorsk, oriya, panjabi, pinyin, polish, portuguese, roman
ian, russian, sanskrit, serbian, slovak, slovenian, spanish, swedish, swissgerm
an, tamil, telugu, turkish, turkmen, ukenglish, ukrainian, uppersorbian, usengl
ishmax, welsh, loaded.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\article.cls"
Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\size10.clo"
File: size10.clo 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
)
\c@part=\count79
\c@section=\count80
\c@subsection=\count81
\c@subsubsection=\count82
\c@paragraph=\count83
\c@subparagraph=\count84
\c@figure=\count85
\c@table=\count86
\abovecaptionskip=\skip41
\belowcaptionskip=\skip42
\bibindent=\dimen102
)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\biblatex.sty"
Package: biblatex DATE vVERSION programmable bibliographies (PK/JW/AB)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\biblatex2.sty"
Package: biblatex2 DATE vVERSION programmable bibliographies (biber) (PK/JW/AB)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\etoolbox\etoolbox.sty"
Package: etoolbox 2011/01/03 v2.1 e-TeX tools for LaTeX
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\misc\etex.sty"
Package: etex 1998/03/26 v2.0 eTeX basic definition package (PEB)
\et@xins=\count87
)
\etb@tempcnta=\count88
)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\graphics\keyval.sty"
Package: keyval 1999/03/16 v1.13 key=value parser (DPC)
\KV@toks@=\toks14
)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\oberdiek\kvoptions.sty"
Package: kvoptions 2011/06/30 v3.11 Key value format for package options (HO)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\oberdiek\ltxcmds.sty"
Package: ltxcmds 2011/11/09 v1.22 LaTeX kernel commands for general use (HO)
)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\oberdiek\kvsetkeys.sty"
Package: kvsetkeys 2012/04/25 v1.16 Key value parser (HO)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\oberdiek\infwarerr.sty"
Package: infwarerr 2010/04/08 v1.3 Providing info/warning/error messages (HO)
)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\oberdiek\etexcmds.sty"
Package: etexcmds 2011/02/16 v1.5 Avoid name clashes with e-TeX commands (HO)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\generic\oberdiek\ifluatex.sty"
Package: ifluatex 2010/03/01 v1.3 Provides the ifluatex switch (HO)
Package ifluatex Info: LuaTeX not detected.
)
Package etexcmds Info: Could not find \expanded.
(etexcmds) That can mean that you are not using pdfTeX 1.50 or
(etexcmds) that some package has redefined \expanded.
(etexcmds) In the latter case, load this package earlier.
)))
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\logreq\logreq.sty"
Package: logreq 2010/08/04 v1.0 xml request logger
\lrq@indent=\count89
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\logreq\logreq.def"
File: logreq.def 2010/08/04 v1.0 logreq spec v1.0
))
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\base\ifthen.sty"
Package: ifthen 2001/05/26 v1.1c Standard LaTeX ifthen package (DPC)
)
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\url\url.sty"
\Urlmuskip=\muskip10
Package: url 2006/04/12 ver 3.3 Verb mode for urls, etc.
)
\c@tabx@nest=\count90
\c@listtotal=\count91
\c@listcount=\count92
\c@liststart=\count93
\c@liststop=\count94
\c@citecount=\count95
\c@citetotal=\count96
\c@multicitecount=\count97
\c@multicitetotal=\count98
\c@instcount=\count99
\c@maxnames=\count100
\c@minnames=\count101
\c@maxitems=\count102
\c@minitems=\count103
\c@citecounter=\count104
\c@savedcitecounter=\count105
\c@uniquelist=\count106
\c@uniquename=\count107
\c@refsection=\count108
\c@refsegment=\count109
\c@maxextratitle=\count110
\c@maxextratitleyear=\count111
\c@maxextrayear=\count112
\c@maxextraalpha=\count113
\c@abbrvpenalty=\count114
\c@highnamepenalty=\count115
\c@lownamepenalty=\count116
\c@maxparens=\count117
\c@parenlevel=\count118
\blx@tempcnta=\count119
\blx@tempcntb=\count120
\blx@tempcntc=\count121
\blx@maxsection=\count122
\blx@maxsegment@0=\count123
\blx@notetype=\count124
\blx@parenlevel@text=\count125
\blx@parenlevel@foot=\count126
\blx@sectionciteorder@0=\count127
\labelnumberwidth=\skip43
\labelalphawidth=\skip44
\shorthandwidth=\skip45
\biblabelsep=\skip46
\bibitemsep=\skip47
\bibnamesep=\skip48
\bibinitsep=\skip49
\bibparsep=\skip50
\bibhang=\skip51
\blx@bcfin=\read1
\blx@bcfout=\write3
\c@mincomprange=\count128
\c@maxcomprange=\count129
\c@mincompwidth=\count130
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load biblatex default data model...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'blx-dm.def' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\blx-dm.def")
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load biblatex custom data model...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'biblatex-dm.cfg' not found.
\c@afterword=\count131
\c@savedafterword=\count132
\c@annotator=\count133
\c@savedannotator=\count134
\c@author=\count135
\c@savedauthor=\count136
\c@bookauthor=\count137
\c@savedbookauthor=\count138
\c@commentator=\count139
\c@savedcommentator=\count140
\c@editor=\count141
\c@savededitor=\count142
\c@editora=\count143
\c@savededitora=\count144
\c@editorb=\count145
\c@savededitorb=\count146
\c@editorc=\count147
\c@savededitorc=\count148
\c@foreword=\count149
\c@savedforeword=\count150
\c@holder=\count151
\c@savedholder=\count152
\c@introduction=\count153
\c@savedintroduction=\count154
\c@namea=\count155
\c@savednamea=\count156
\c@nameb=\count157
\c@savednameb=\count158
\c@namec=\count159
\c@savednamec=\count160
\c@shortauthor=\count161
\c@savedshortauthor=\count162
\c@shorteditor=\count163
\c@savedshorteditor=\count164
\c@translator=\count165
\c@savedtranslator=\count166
\c@labelname=\count167
\c@savedlabelname=\count168
\c@institution=\count169
\c@savedinstitution=\count170
\c@lista=\count171
\c@savedlista=\count172
\c@listb=\count173
\c@savedlistb=\count174
\c@listc=\count175
\c@savedlistc=\count176
\c@listd=\count177
\c@savedlistd=\count178
\c@liste=\count179
\c@savedliste=\count180
\c@listf=\count181
\c@savedlistf=\count182
\c@location=\count183
\c@savedlocation=\count184
\c@organization=\count185
\c@savedorganization=\count186
\c@origlocation=\count187
\c@savedoriglocation=\count188
\c@origpublisher=\count189
\c@savedorigpublisher=\count190
\c@publisher=\count191
\c@savedpublisher=\count192
\c@language=\count193
\c@savedlanguage=\count194
\c@pageref=\count195
\c@savedpageref=\count196
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load compatibility code...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'blx-compat.def' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\blx-compat.def"
File: blx-compat.def DATE vVERSION biblatex compatibility (PK/JW/AB)
)
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load generic definitions...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'biblatex.def' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\biblatex.def"
File: biblatex.def
\c@biburlnumpenalty=\count197
\c@biburlucpenalty=\count198
\c@biburllcpenalty=\count199
\c@smartand=\count200
)
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load bibliography style 'numeric'...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'numeric.bbx' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\bbx\numeric.bbx"
File: numeric.bbx DATE vVERSION biblatex bibliography style (PK/JW/AB)
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load bibliography style 'standard'...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'standard.bbx' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\bbx\standard.bbx"
File: standard.bbx DATE vVERSION biblatex bibliography style (PK/JW/AB)
\c@bbx:relatedcount=\count201
\c@bbx:relatedtotal=\count202
))
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load citation style 'numeric'...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'numeric.cbx' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\cbx\numeric.cbx"
File: numeric.cbx DATE vVERSION biblatex citation style (PK/JW/AB)
! LaTeX Error: \iffinalcitedelim undefined.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.7 \renewcommand*{\iffinalcitedelim}
{%
Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\cite'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\parencite'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\footcite'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\footcitetext'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\smartcite'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\supercite'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\textcite'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\textcites'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\cites'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\parencites'.
Package biblatex Info: Redefining '\smartcites'.
)
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load configuration file...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'biblatex.cfg' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\biblatex.cfg"
File: biblatex.cfg
))
! Missing number, treated as zero.
<to be read again>
D
l.87
A number should have been here; I inserted `0'.
(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number,
look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)
! Missing = inserted for \ifnum.
<to be read again>
D
l.87
I was expecting to see `<', `=', or `>'. Didn't.
! Missing number, treated as zero.
<to be read again>
D
l.87
A number should have been here; I inserted `0'.
(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number,
look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)
! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.87
You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
LaTeX Warning: You have requested, on input line 87, version
`' of package biblatex2,
but only version
`DATE vVERSION programmable bibliographies (biber) (PK/JW/AB)'
is available.
)
! Missing number, treated as zero.
<to be read again>
D
l.3 \bibliography
{refs}
A number should have been here; I inserted `0'.
(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number,
look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)
! Missing = inserted for \ifnum.
<to be read again>
D
l.3 \bibliography
{refs}
I was expecting to see `<', `=', or `>'. Didn't.
! Missing number, treated as zero.
<to be read again>
D
l.3 \bibliography
{refs}
A number should have been here; I inserted `0'.
(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number,
look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)
! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.3 \bibliography
{refs}
You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
LaTeX Warning: You have requested, on input line 3, version
`' of package biblatex,
but only version
`DATE vVERSION programmable bibliographies (PK/JW/AB)'
is available.
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load language 'english'...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'english.lbx' found.
("C:\Program Files (x86)\MiKTeX 2.9\tex\latex\biblatex\lbx\english.lbx"
File: english.lbx DATE vVERSION biblatex localization (PK/JW/AB)
! Package keyval Error: langczech undefined.
See the keyval package documentation for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.482 }
Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
! Package keyval Error: langpolish undefined.
See the keyval package documentation for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.482 }
Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
! Package keyval Error: fromczech undefined.
See the keyval package documentation for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.482 }
Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
! Package keyval Error: frompolish undefined.
See the keyval package documentation for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.482 }
Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
)
\@quotelevel=\count203
\@quotereset=\count204
("C:\Users\Mike\Documents\Study\University of Salford\Coursework\MSc project wo
rk\Dissertation files\LaTeX\Tests\test.aux")
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 4.
Package biblatex Info: No input encoding detected.
(biblatex) Assuming 'ascii'.
Package biblatex Info: Automatic encoding selection.
(biblatex) Assuming data encoding 'ascii'.
Package biblatex Info: Trying to load bibliographic data...
Package biblatex Info: ... file 'test.bbl' found.
("C:\Users\Mike\Documents\Study\University of Salford\Coursework\MSc project wo
rk\Dissertation files\LaTeX\Tests\test.bbl")
Package biblatex Info: Reference section=0 on input line 4.
Package biblatex Info: Reference segment=0 on input line 4.
[1
{C:/Users/Mike/AppData/Local/MiKTeX/2.9/pdftex/config/pdftex.map}]
("C:\Users\Mike\Documents\Study\University of Salford\Coursework\MSc project wo
rk\Dissertation files\LaTeX\Tests\test.aux")
LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references.
Package biblatex Warning: Please (re)run Biber on the file:
(biblatex) test
(biblatex) and rerun LaTeX afterwards.
Package logreq Info: Writing requests to 'test.run.xml'.
)
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
5681 strings out of 493921
98414 string characters out of 3144878
472965 words of memory out of 3000000
8970 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+200000
4591 words of font info for 17 fonts, out of 3000000 for 9000
841 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
44i,4n,49p,813b,792s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,50000s
<C:/Program Files (x86)/MiKTeX 2.9/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx12.pfb>
<C:/Program Files (x86)/MiKTeX 2.9/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb><C:
/Program Files (x86)/MiKTeX 2.9/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmti10.pfb>
Output written on test.pdf (1 page, 41663 bytes).
PDF statistics:
18 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
我真正需要编译的更复杂的 .tex 文件可以在页面顶部链接的问题中看到。由此产生的错误类似：
! Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read againD l.87
! Missing = inserted for \ifnum. <to be read againD l.87 I was
expecting to see `<', `=', or `>'. Didn't. ! Missing number, treated
as zero. <to be read againD l.87
! Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read againD l.87 A number
should have been here; I inserted `0'.
! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX
Companion for explanation. Type H <returnfor immediate help. ...
l.87
! Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read againD l.14
\addbibresource {References/references.bib}
! Missing = inserted for \ifnum. <to be read againD l.14
\addbibresource {References/references.bib} I was expecting to see
`<', `=', or `>'. Didn't. ! Missing number, treated as zero. <to be
read againD l.14 \addbibresource {References/references.bib} A
number should have been here; I inserted `0'.
! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX
Companion for explanation. Type H <returnfor immediate help. ...
l.14 \addbibresource {References/references.bib}
! Package keyval Error: langczech undefined. See the keyval package
documentation for explanation. Type H <returnfor immediate help. ...
l.482 }
! Package keyval Error: langpolish undefined. See the keyval package
documentation for explanation. Type H <returnfor immediate help. ...
l.482 }
! Package keyval Error: fromczech undefined. See the keyval package
documentation for explanation. Type H <returnfor immediate help. ...
l.482 }
! Package keyval Error: frompolish undefined. See the keyval package
documentation for explanation. Type H <returnfor immediate help. ...
l.482 }
对于到底哪里出了问题，您有什么建议吗？
答案1
您的 biblatex 看起来不对。您输入的是“biblatex DATE vVERSION 可编程”，而我输入的是真实日期和版本：“biblatex2 2013/07/15 v2.7a 可编程”。我刚刚运行了 miktex 更新，所以这不是版本问题。看起来文件开头的某些行缺失或被注释了（例如，缺少行尾字符）。也许这是在安装过程中发生的。
我建议卸载 biblatex 然后重新安装。