我正在尝试在 LaTex 中重现此处所示的效果。我希望能够标记句子的各个部分，以帮助我的学生学习语法。
这可能吗？我不知道有任何包可以做到这一点。{我不确定要给它什么标签；如果 tikz 错了，请随时纠正。}
感谢您的帮助。
答案1
这是不是一个理想的答案，但既然我已经研究过了，我就把它贴出来。（已修改，提供两种替代方案）
我接受了大卫的建议，并重新修改了我的答案占位符文本周围的圆角框支持换行。
版本 1：
有什么缺点：
1）由于我延续空格规则的方式（使用长度\afterspacelap），一个负面副作用是，超越规则会突出到续行的左边距。
2) 标签作为参数传递，位于\rlap文本标记右侧 2em 处。如果空间不够，可以像我对“LINEBREAKING”标签所做的那样向左重新排列，但如果空间不够，则没有补救办法。
3) 标签不会像 OP 的照片中那样破坏上线，而只是位于其上方。
好消息是它可以换行和分段。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{censor}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{scalerel}
\newlength\rlwd
\rlwd=.8pt
\makeatletter
\setstackgap{L}{9pt}
\def\stacktype{L}
\def\useanchorwidth{T}
\censorruledepth=\Lstackgap
\periodrlap=0pt\relax
\afterperiodlap=0pt\relax
\lletterlap=0pt\relax
\rletterlap=0pt\relax
\afterspacelap=1.0ex\relax
\renewcommand\censorrule[1]{%
\protect\textcolor{cyan}{\rule[\censorruledepth]{#1}{\rlwd}}%
}
\renewcommand\@cenword[1]{%
\setbox0=\hbox{#1}%
\stackon[0pt]{#1}{\censorrule{\wd0}}%
}
\def\censordot{\textcolor{cyan}{\rlap{\@cenword{\phantom{.}}}}.}
\def\endleft{\rule[\Lstackgap-3pt+.7\rlwd]{\rlwd}{3pt}}
\let\endright\endleft
\newcommand\marktext[2][]{%
\trlap[11pt]{\sffamily\bfseries\scriptsize\textcolor{cyan}{\hspace{2em}{\uppercase{#1}}}}%
\textcolor{cyan}{\llap{\smash{\endleft}}}%
\xblackout{#2}%
\textcolor{cyan}{\rlap{\smash{\endright}}}%
}
\makeatother
\parindent 0in
\parskip 1em
\begin{document}
This shows linebreaking capability: aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa
\marktext[\kern-13pt linebreaking]{bbb bbb bbb bbb. bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb}
ccc ccc ccc ccc ccc ccc
Can this \marktext[phrase]{procedure go across paragraphs boundaries?
Why yes} it can.
But gaps can arise if glue is stretched too far.
\afterspacelap=1.7ex\relax
\marktext[sentences]{%
This tests marking a multiline block of text. This tests marking a multiline block of text.
This tests marking a multiline block of text. This tests marking a multiline block of text.
This tests marking a multiline block of text.}
\end{document}
版本 2：
此修订版本的优点是，它平等地延伸到换行的左右边距，但这是有代价的。代价是蓝色上线的前端和后端同样延伸了这一量，
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{censor}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{scalerel}
\newlength\rlwd
\rlwd=.8pt
\makeatletter
\setstackgap{L}{9pt}
\def\stacktype{L}
\def\useanchorwidth{T}
\censorruledepth=\Lstackgap
\periodrlap=.5ex\relax
\afterperiodlap=.5ex\relax
\lletterlap=.5ex\relax
\rletterlap=.5ex\relax
\afterspacelap=.5ex\relax
\renewcommand\censorrule[1]{%
\protect\textcolor{cyan}{\rule[\censorruledepth]{#1}{\rlwd}}%
}
\renewcommand\@cenword[1]{%
\setbox0=\hbox{#1}%
\stackon[0pt]{#1}{\censorrule{\wd0}}%
}
\def\censordot{\textcolor{cyan}{%
\rlap{\@cenword{\phantom{.\hspace{\periodrlap}}}}}.}
\def\endleft{\rule[\Lstackgap-3pt+.7\rlwd]{\rlwd}{3pt}}
\let\endright\endleft
\newcommand\marktext[2][]{%
\trlap[11pt]{\sffamily\bfseries\scriptsize\textcolor{cyan}{\hspace{2em}{\uppercase{#1}}}}%
\textcolor{cyan}{\llap{\smash{\endleft}\hspace{\lletterlap}}}%
\xblackout{#2}%
\textcolor{cyan}{\rlap{\hspace{\rletterlap}\smash{\endright}}}%
}
\makeatother
\parindent 0in
\parskip 1em
\begin{document}
This shows linebreaking capability: aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa
\marktext[\kern-13pt linebreaking]{bbb bbb bbb bbb. bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb}
ccc ccc ccc ccc ccc ccc
Can this \marktext[phrase]{procedure go across paragraphs boundaries?
Why yes} it can.
But gaps can arise if glue is stretched too far.
\periodrlap=.8ex\relax
\afterperiodlap=.9ex\relax
\lletterlap=.8ex\relax
\rletterlap=.8ex\relax
\afterspacelap=.8ex\relax
\marktext[sentences]{%
This tests marking a multiline block of text. This tests marking a multiline block of text.
This tests marking a multiline block of text. This tests marking a multiline block of text.
This tests marking a multiline block of text.}
\end{document}
