☰

如何使用 TikZ 制作共振能级图？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf diagrams
如何使用 TikZ 制作共振能级图？

如何使用 TikZ 制作如下的能级图？

我见过一些能级图的例子（例如这），但我不确定如何制作一个具有轴的。

答案1

我做过类似的事情作为个人笔记，

Kaluza-Klein 模式：T^2 上的标量场

代码如下

\begin{center}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[thick,line cap=round,yscale=2,
      % Styles
      axes/.style=,
      important line/.style={very thick},
      information text/.style={rounded corners,draw=blue!80!black,fill=blue!10,inner sep=1ex}]
    \pgfkeys{/pgf/number format/.cd,fixed,precision=2}

    \pgfmathsetmacro{\r}{.7}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\R}{.5}

    \draw[help lines, color=blue!20,step=1cm] (-.4,-.4) grid (12.3,8.3);

    %\draw (0,0) node[anchor=east] {$m_{\text{eff}} =0$} -- (2,0);
    \foreach \n in {0,1,2,3}  {
      \foreach \m in {0,1,...,3} {
        \draw[important line,xshift=3*\n cm] (0,{sqrt((\m/\r)^2 + (\n/\R)^2)}) node[anchor=east] {$m_{\text{eff}} = \pgfmathparse{sqrt((\m/\r)^2 + (\n/\R)^2) }\pgfmathprintnumber{\pgfmathresult}$} -- (2,{sqrt((\m/\r)^2 + (\n/\R)^2)});
        }
      \draw [decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=10pt,mirror},ultra thick,color=blue,yshift=-4pt,xshift=3*\n cm] (0,0) -- (2,0) node [black,midway,yshift=-0.6cm] { $n=\n$};
      }


  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

它也许会对你有帮助！

答案2

对于这种自由格式的图表，元帖子通常很合适，因为它只是标签和线条。

在此处输入图片描述

关键是要建立合理的水平和垂直单位。您可以考虑编写一个小函数来处理标签和线条，但由于标签和线条不多，而且您可能需要灵活地处理标签的位置，所以这可能不值得。

prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";

beginfig(1);

v = 0.2; % vertical unit 0.2bp = 0.567mm
u = 1cm; % horizontal unit

drawoptions(withcolor .78 red);
xpos := 2u;
draw (left -- right) scaled 1/2u shifted (xpos,+680v); label.top(btex $\Upsilon(4S)$ etex,(xpos,+680v)) withcolor black;
draw (left -- right) scaled 1/2u shifted (xpos,+450v); label.top(btex $\Upsilon(3S)$ etex,(xpos,+450v)) withcolor black;
draw (left -- right) scaled 1/2u shifted (xpos,+120v); label.top(btex $\Upsilon(2S)$ etex,(xpos,+120v)) withcolor black;
draw (left -- right) scaled 1/2u shifted (xpos,-440v); label.top(btex $\Upsilon(1S)$ etex,(xpos,-440v)) withcolor black;
% etc
drawoptions(dashed withdots scaled .5 withcolor .67 blue);
xpos := xpos + 2u;
draw (left -- right) scaled 1/2u shifted (xpos,250v); label.top(btex $\psi(3770)$ etex,(xpos,250v)) withcolor black;
draw (left -- right) scaled 1/2u shifted (xpos,170v); label.top(btex $\psi(2S)$   etex,(xpos,170v)) withcolor black;
draw (left -- right) scaled 1/2u shifted (xpos,105v); label.bot(btex $\eta_k(2S)$ etex,(xpos,105v)) withcolor black;
% etc, etc for the other markers
drawoptions();

draw (1u,-600v) -- (1u,-610v) -- (5u,-610v) -- (5u,-600v) withcolor .62 green;
label.bot(btex $S$ states etex, (3u,-610v));

% axis marker
drawoptions(withcolor .4 white);
draw (0,-580v) -- (0,780v);
for i=-500v step 100v until 700v+epsilon: draw (-1/5u,i)--(0,i); endfor
drawoptions();

label.lft(btex $-500$ etex, (-1/5u,-500v));
label.lft(btex $+500$ etex, (-1/5u,+500v));
label.lft(btex $0$    etex, (-1/5u,0));
label.lft(btex MeV etex, (-1/5u,800v));

endfig;
end.

相关内容