我正在使用natbib、microtype和flowframcharter BT 字体（通过命令\usepackage[bitstream-charter]{mathdesign}），得到了以下结果：
我的主文档中的其他实例显示了这一点（也许这对您来说是一个线索）：
这是生成文件的代码：
\documentclass{extarticle}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[bitstream-charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[square, numbers, sort]{natbib}
\usepackage[letterspace=400]{microtype}
\usepackage{flowfram}
\newflowframe[1-4,6]{\dimexpr\textwidth/3-2\columnsep/3}{\textheight}{0pt}{0pt}[leftcolumn]
\setlength\parindent{16pt}
\begin{document}
\tolerance=10000
The manufacturing process is mostly subject to industrial legislation. Although the industrial process is a relatively large actor in the use of fossil fuels\citep{voorzanger2014}, the consideration of usage of renewable energy sources has many hurdles. The primary hurdle is the artificially deflated pricing on energy from non-renewables. Studies on feasibility of an adjustment and usage of renewable energy sources in the industrial sector have shown legislation is in fact a culprit, linking domestical industrial activities directly to current energy policies in place\citep{lund2009}. Furthermore, an example of an accessible legislation is the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which indirectly circumvents additional energy costs by incentivising recollection and reuse of products\citep{kiddee2013}. Other directives also geared towards promotion of recycling and take-back more so circumvent a change in thinking of the legislative bodies dealing with the industrial energy sector, which is why a small portion of examples will be discussed in the recycling cycle rather than here.
However, mobile phones also use REEs, ranging from scandium for high performance equipment, to neodymium for ear speakers\citep{website:namibiaearth,humphries2010}: vital components for the production of a cellular phone. The shortage depletion risk ranges even further however. Estimates have shown that REEs range in depletion risk from 500 years for niobium to 7 years for antimony, considering stable demand\citep{website:mining}.
\end{document}
我在旧的 TL13 和最新的 TL14 发行版上都遇到了这个奇怪的间距问题。我总是对所有软件包进行完整安装。
我还注意到仅有的发生在左列，而不是我通过以下方式声明的任何其他列：
\newflowframe{\dimexpr\textwidth/3-2\columnsep/3}{\textheight}{\dimexpr\textwidth/3-2\columnsep/3+\columnsep}{0pt}[centercolumn]
\newflowframe{\dimexpr\textwidth/3-2\columnsep/3}{\textheight}{\dimexpr2\textwidth/3-4\columnsep/3+2\columnsep}{0pt}[rightcolumn]
这是一个已知问题吗？或者有解决方法吗？
答案1
\tolerance=10000意味着你明确地告诉 TeX 你不在乎换行有多糟糕。所以它很糟糕也就不足为奇了。
删除该\tolerance设置会告诉 TeX 至少尝试做出一些合理的输出：
\documentclass{extarticle}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[bitstream-charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[square, numbers, sort]{natbib}
\usepackage[letterspace=400]{microtype}
\usepackage{flowfram}
\newflowframe[1-4,6]{\dimexpr\textwidth/3-2\columnsep/3}{\textheight}{0pt}{0pt}[leftcolumn]
\setlength\parindent{16pt}
\begin{document}
%\tolerance=10000
The manufacturing process is mostly subject to industrial legislation. Alth\-ough the industrial process is a relatively large actor in the use of fossil fuels\citep{voorzanger2014}, the consideration of usage of renewable energy sources has many hurdles. The primary hurdle is the artificially deflated pricing on energy from non-renewables. Studies on feasibility of an adjustment and usage of renewable energy sources in the industrial sector have shown legislation is in fact a culprit, linking domestical industrial activities directly to current energy policies in place\citep{lund2009}. Furthermore, an example of an accessible legislation is the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which indirectly circumvents additional energy costs by incentivising recollection and reuse of products\citep{kiddee2013}. Other directives also geared towards promotion of recycling and take-back more so circumvent a change in thinking of the legislative bodies dealing with the industrial energy sector, which is why a small portion of examples will be discussed in the recycling cycle rather than here.
However, mobile phones also use REEs, ranging from scandium for high performance equipment, to neodymium for ear speakers\citep{website:namibiaearth,humphries2010}: vital components for the production of a cellular phone. The shortage depletion risk ran\-ges even further however. Estimates have shown that REEs range in depletion risk from 500 years for niobium to 7 years for antimony, considering stable demand\citep{website:mining}.
\end{document}