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参考

tag-icon • tag-icon captions vertical-alignment minipage subcaption
参考

目标

我的目标是根据顶部、中部和底部对齐小页面中的figures、 s 和文本table最大的这样的minipage。这使得它与底部的相关链接和参考资料有所不同（我相信），这些链接和参考资料详细介绍了基线周围的文字。我不知道哪个数字最大。

例如，请考虑下图：

在此处输入图片描述

请注意，A和C与底部对齐的CC第四张图像与最大的图像的中间对齐。

这个算法非常简单：

  • 将所有minipage环境放入一个盒子中，并测量高度
  • minipage然后使用每个设置\begin{minipage}[b][MAX HEIGHT][<alignment>]，以便每个都“锚定”到底部，每个都有相同的高度（关键），然后可以指定每个内容的位置（t，，c或b）。

问题

我遇到的问题是，当我尝试caption这些对象时，编号会下降。例如，我得到以下内容：

截屏

读过盒子里面有没有一个开关可以关闭 LaTeX 计数器？，我以为我可以用\savecounters@和来解决这个问题restorecounters@。

问题

figure我该如何修改代码，使s 和s的编号subfigure符合预期？解决方案有望自然扩展到表格。

我非常乐意接受实现相同想法的替代方案；我曾尝试过adjustbox例如，包，但到目前为止还没有运气。

数学家协会

% arara: pdflatex
% !arara: indent: {overwrite: yes}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[showframe=true,textwidth=12cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{environ}

\newsavebox{\vabox}
\makeatletter
\NewEnviron{verticallyaligned}{%
    % temporarily set \vamaxheight to nothing during the measurements
    \let\vamaxheight\relax
    % temporarily disable figure numbering
    \savecounters@
    % measure the height of the body
    \begin{lrbox}{\vabox}
        \BODY%
    \end{lrbox}%
    % turn figure numbering back on
    \restorecounters@
    % set the height of the minipage box
    \newlength{\vamaxheight}
    \setlength{\vamaxheight}{\ht\vabox}
    % output the body, which now contains the new height :)
    \noindent\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\mbox{}\hfill\BODY\hfill\mbox{}}%
}

\begin{document}

\begin{verticallyaligned}
    \noindent
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][b]{.10\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
        \captionof{figure}{}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.15\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
        \captionof{figure}{}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.20\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.10\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.20\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
    \end{minipage}%
\end{verticallyaligned}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
    \begin{verticallyaligned}
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.10\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
            \caption{}
        \end{subfigure}%
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.15\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
            \caption{}
        \end{subfigure}%
    \end{verticallyaligned}
    \caption{}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
    \begin{verticallyaligned}
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.10\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
            \caption{}
        \end{subfigure}%
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.15\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
            \caption{}
        \end{subfigure}%
    \end{verticallyaligned}
    \caption{}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

参考

答案1

这里我介绍\pushfigure[alignment]{width}{content}{captioningof}如何将图形推送到“堆栈”，然后\popfigures将它们全部放在一行上。在所有情况下，应\captionof为任何被“推送”的图形添加标题。底部对齐是默认设置。

\pushfigure操作阶段保存所有参数，并测量的高度（加上任何深度）。content它保存已推送的所有内容的最大高度+深度。

该\popfigures阶段使用已保存\stackinset的图形对齐方式，按照最大内容高度规则对图形执行对齐。这样可以实现图形的正确垂直对齐。指定的任何标题都应用于垂直对齐下方\rule，这将使所有标题保持在同一高度，无论内容如何对齐。

在每次弹出数字的开头和之后都会插入一个\hfill。所有参数（计数器/长度）都会在“弹出”结束时重置，以准备下一个“推送”序列。

对于这个 MWE，我将值降低\abovecaptionskip到 6pt，我发现在使用子图时这在视觉上更令人愉悦。

编辑以演示tabular和\parbox内容。重新编辑以说明底部对齐tabular和\parbox框仍然可以具有深度，与底线上的降序字母相关。

% arara: pdflatex
% !arara: indent: {overwrite: yes}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[showframe=true,textwidth=12cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{stackengine,ifthen}
\newcounter{figstack}
\newcounter{figindex}
\newlength\fight
\newcommand\pushfigure[4][b]{%
  \stepcounter{figstack}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    figalign\romannumeral\value{figstack}\endcsname{#1}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    figwd\romannumeral\value{figstack}\endcsname{#2}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    figcontent\romannumeral\value{figstack}\endcsname{#3}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    figcap\romannumeral\value{figstack}\endcsname{#4}%
  \setbox0=\hbox{%
    \begin{minipage}{#2}#3\end{minipage}}%
  \ifdim\dimexpr\ht0+\dp0\relax>\fight\global\setlength{\fight}{%
    \dimexpr\ht0+\dp0\relax}\fi%
}
\newcommand\popfigures{%
  \setcounter{figindex}{0}%
  \hfill%
  \whiledo{\value{figindex}<\value{figstack}}{%
    \stepcounter{figindex}%
    \def\tmp{\csname figwd\romannumeral\value{figindex}\endcsname}%
    \begin{minipage}[t]{\tmp}%
      \centering%
      \stackinset{c}{}%
        {\csname figalign\romannumeral\value{figindex}\endcsname}{}%
        {\csname figcontent\romannumeral\value{figindex}\endcsname}%
        {\rule{0pt}{\fight}}\par%
      \csname figcap\romannumeral\value{figindex}\endcsname%
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill%
  }%
  \setcounter{figstack}{0}%
  \setlength{\fight}{0pt}%
  \hfill%
}
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{6pt}
\begin{document}
\pushfigure{.1\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}}%
           {\captionof{figure}{}}
\pushfigure[t]{.15\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}}%
           {\captionof{figure}{}}
\pushfigure[t]{.2\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}}%
           {}
\pushfigure[c]{.1\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}}%
           {}
\pushfigure[c]{.2\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}}%
           {}
\noindent\popfigures

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\captionsetup{labelformat=parens}
  \pushfigure[t]{.1\textwidth}
             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}}
             {\captionof{subfigure}{}}
  \pushfigure{.15\textwidth}
%             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}}
             {\begin{tabular}[b]{ccc}a&b&c\\dd&e&fff\\%
               a&b&c\\x&yy& z\end{tabular}}
             {\captionof{subfigure}{}}
\popfigures\par
\captionsetup{labelformat=default}
\caption{}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\captionsetup{labelformat=parens}
  \pushfigure[c]{.1\textwidth}
             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}}
             {\captionof{subfigure}{}}
  \pushfigure[c]{.15\textwidth}
%             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}}
             {\parbox{\textwidth}{%
                This is text and a bit more text and some more text}}
             {\captionof{subfigure}{}}
\popfigures\par
\captionsetup{labelformat=default}
\caption{}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

表格版本

与图表版本直接类似，但\poptables（子）标题位于图表上方。但请注意，如果表格标题是多行的，则标题将相对于同一行中的其他标题底部对齐。

% arara: pdflatex
% !arara: indent: {overwrite: yes}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[showframe=true,textwidth=12cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{stackengine,ifthen}
\newcounter{tblstack}
\newcounter{tblindex}
\newlength\tblht
\newcommand\pushtable[4][b]{%
  \stepcounter{tblstack}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    tblalign\romannumeral\value{tblstack}\endcsname{#1}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    tblwd\romannumeral\value{tblstack}\endcsname{#2}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    tblcontent\romannumeral\value{tblstack}\endcsname{#3}%
  \expandafter\def\csname %
    tblcap\romannumeral\value{tblstack}\endcsname{#4}%
  \setbox0=\hbox{%
    \begin{minipage}{#2}#3\end{minipage}}%
  \ifdim\dimexpr\ht0+\dp0\relax>\tblht\global\setlength{\tblht}{%
    \dimexpr\ht0+\dp0\relax}\fi%
}
\newcommand\poptables{%
  \setcounter{tblindex}{0}%
  \hfill%
  \whiledo{\value{tblindex}<\value{tblstack}}{%
    \stepcounter{tblindex}%
    \def\tmp{\csname tblwd\romannumeral\value{tblindex}\endcsname}%
    \begin{minipage}[b]{\tmp}%
      \centering%
      \csname tblcap\romannumeral\value{tblindex}\endcsname\par%
      \stackinset{c}{}%
        {\csname tblalign\romannumeral\value{tblindex}\endcsname}{}%
        {\csname tblcontent\romannumeral\value{tblindex}\endcsname}%
        {\rule{0pt}{\tblht}}%
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill%
  }%
  \setcounter{tblstack}{0}%
  \setlength{\tblht}{0pt}%
  \hfill%
}
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{6pt}
\begin{document}
\pushtable{.1\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}}%
           {\captionof{table}{}}
\pushtable[t]{.15\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}}%
           {\captionof{table}{}}
\pushtable[t]{.2\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}}%
           {}
\pushtable[c]{.1\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}}%
           {}
\pushtable[c]{.2\textwidth}
           {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}}%
           {}
\noindent\poptables

\bigskip\begin{table}[!htb]
\captionsetup{labelformat=default}
\caption{}
\captionsetup{labelformat=parens}
  \pushtable[t]{.1\textwidth}
             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}}
             {\captionof{subtable}{}}
  \pushtable{.15\textwidth}
%             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}}
             {\begin{tabular}[b]{ccc}a&b&c\\dd&e&fff\\%
               a&b&c\\x&yy& z\end{tabular}}
             {\captionof{subtable}{}}
\poptables\par
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!htb]
\captionsetup{labelformat=default}
\caption{}
\captionsetup{labelformat=parens}
  \pushtable[c]{.1\textwidth}
             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}}
             {\captionof{subtable}{}}
  \pushtable[c]{.15\textwidth}
%             {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}}
             {\parbox{\textwidth}{%
                This is text and a bit more text and some more text}}
             {\captionof{subtable}{}}
\poptables\par
\end{table}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

现在棘手的部分是，如果想要将表格和图形放在同一行。宏\popfigures通过使用顶部对齐的迷你页面来实现垂直对齐。宏\poptables通过使用底部对齐的迷你页面来实现垂直对齐。如果一行必须同时容纳顶部和底部字幕，则这两种方法都不起作用。

那个问题还没有解决。

答案2

subcaption 包有些问题。例如，您不能在子图内使用 \captionof{subfigure}（其他地方都可以）。

我通过永久地用 minipage 替换 subfigure 并从头开始创建自己的 \caption 来解决了以前解决方案中的问题。

横向表格

% arara: pdflatex
% !arara: indent: {overwrite: yes}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[showframe=true,textwidth=12cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{environ}

\newlength{\reservemaxheight}
\newcommand{\oldcaption}{}% reserve name
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\newcaption}[2][\@empty]{% same as caption
  \refstepcounter{subfigure}%
  \ifx#1\@empty\addcontentsline{lof}{subfigure}{\hbox to\@tempdima {\thesubfigure\hfil }{\ignorespaces #2}}%
  \else\addcontentsline{lof}{subfigure}{\hbox to\@tempdima {\thesubfigure\hfil }{\ignorespaces #1}}%
  \fi
  \rule{0pt}{1.5\baselineskip}(\thesubfigure) #2}
\makeatother

\def\newsubfigure{\let\oldcaption=\caption
  \let\caption=\newcaption
  \minipage}%
\def\endnewsubfigure{\endminipage
  \let\caption=\oldcaption}%
\AtBeginDocument{% can't replace it any earlier
  \let\subfigure=\newsubfigure
  \let\endsubfigure=\endnewsubfigure}

\newsavebox{\vabox}
\makeatletter
\NewEnviron{verticallyaligned}{%
    % temporarily set \vamaxheight to nothing during the measurements
    \let\vamaxheight\relax
    % temporarily disable figure numbering
    \savecounters@
    % measure the height of the body
    \begin{lrbox}{\vabox}
        \BODY%
    \end{lrbox}%
    % turn figure numbering back on
    \restorecounters@
    % set the height of the minipage box
    \let\vamaxheight\reservemaxheight
    \setlength{\vamaxheight}{\ht\vabox}%
    \addtolength{\vamaxheight}{-\dp\vabox}% change back to positive
    % output the body, which now contains the new height :)
    \noindent\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\mbox{}\hfill\BODY\hfill\mbox{}}%
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{verticallyaligned}
    \noindent
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][b]{.10\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
        \captionof{figure}{}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.15\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
        \captionof{figure}{}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.20\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.10\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
    \end{minipage}%
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.20\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
    \end{minipage}%
\end{verticallyaligned}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
    \begin{verticallyaligned}
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.10\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
            \caption{test}
        \end{subfigure}%
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.15\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
            \caption[short caption]{long caption}
        \end{subfigure}%
    \end{verticallyaligned}
    \caption{}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
    \begin{verticallyaligned}
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.10\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
            \caption{}
        \end{subfigure}%
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.15\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
            \caption{}
        \end{subfigure}%
    \end{verticallyaligned}
    \caption{}
\end{figure}
\listoffigures
\end{document}

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