我有以下代码:
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage[active,float]{preview}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{graphs,plotmarks,arrows,automata,positioning,fit,shapes.geometric,backgrounds}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\usetikzlibrary{plotmarks}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.8cm,y=0.5cm]
%axis
\draw (0,0) -- coordinate (x axis mid) (10,0);
\draw (0,0) -- coordinate (y axis mid) (0,12);
%ticks
\foreach \x in {0,...,10}
\draw (\x,0pt) -- (\x,-3pt) node[anchor=north] {\x};
\foreach \y in {0,...,12}
\draw (0pt,\y) -- (-3pt,\y) node[anchor=east] {\y};
%labels
\node[below=0.8cm,xshift=0.3cm,scale=1.5] at (x axis mid) {$\sum{t_i}\;\;\longrightarrow$};
% plot first concave function
\draw[mark=square*,green,thick,mark options={fill=green}] (0,2) -- (1,3) -- (2,4) -- (3,5) -- (4,5) -- (5,5) -- (6,5) -- (7,5) -- (8,5) -- (9,3) -- (10,1);
\node[mark=square*,green,thick,mark options={fill=green}] at (4,5) {};
% plot second concave function
\draw[mark=square*,red,thick,mark options={fill=red}] (0,1) -- (1,2) -- (2,3) -- (3,4) -- (4,5) -- (5,6) -- (6,6) -- (7,5) -- (8,4) -- (9,3) -- (10,2);
% plot third concave function
\draw[mark=*,blue,thick,mark options={fill=blue}] (0,3) -- (1,5) -- (2,7) -- (3,9) -- (4,10) -- (5,11) -- (6,11) -- (7,10) -- (8,9) -- (9,6) -- (10,3);
%legend
\begin{scope}[shift={(0.5,10)}]
\draw[yshift=3\baselineskip] (0,0) --
plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=red}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{$f(t)$};
\draw[yshift=2\baselineskip] (0,0) --
plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=green}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{$g(t)$};
\draw[yshift=\baselineskip] (0,0) --
plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=blue}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{$f(t) + g(t)$};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
代表下图:
我在执行以下操作时遇到麻烦:
在 xy 轴上以 2 为步长显示数字
由于某种原因,我无法想象线段之间的节点
无法在图例周围添加矩形区域。
答案1
正如评论和 Harish 的回答中所提到的,使用pgfplots
允许您指定一次样式并在文档中重复使用它,而不是为每个情节重新发明轮子。
我创建了一个可以在任何情节中使用的cycle list
函数(用于循环显示情节样式)。mycycle
cycle list name=mycycle
其余样式是在环境选项中完成的axis
,但可以很容易地打包成 TikZ 样式以便在任何其他图中重复使用。
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.12}
\pgfplotscreateplotcyclelist{mycycle}{%
green!70!black,every mark/.append style={fill=green!80},mark=diamond*\\%
red!70!black,every mark/.append style={fill= red!80},mark=square*\\%
blue!70!black,every mark/.append style={fill= blue!80},mark=*\\%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines=left,
ymin=0,ymax=13.75,
tick align=inside,
axis line style={-},
cycle list name=mycycle,
legend pos=north west,
legend cell align=left,
legend style={
outer sep=-0.2em,
inner sep=0.2em,
node font=\small,
},
xlabel={$\sum{t_i}\;\;\longrightarrow$},
]
\addplot coordinates {
(0,2) (1,3) (2,4) (3,5) (4,5) (5,5) (6,5) (7,5) (8,5) (9,3) (10,1)
};
\addlegendentry{$f(t)$};
\addplot coordinates {
(0,1) (1,2) (2,3) (3,4) (4,5) (5,6) (6,6) (7,5) (8,4) (9,3) (10,2)
};
\addlegendentry{$g(t)$};
\addplot coordinates {
(0,3) (1,5) (2,7) (3,9) (4,10) (5,11) (6,11) (7,10) (8,9) (9,6) (10,3)
};
\addlegendentry{$f(t)+g(t)$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
为什么不使用pgfplots
来完成这样的工作?无论如何,要围绕图例绘制框,您可以使用fit
库。的语法plot
不同。要获取绘图标记,您应该使用具有正确语法的坐标。要获取 的倍数的刻度标签,请将2
foreach 循环更改为{0,2,...,12}
。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{graphs,plotmarks,arrows,automata,positioning,fit,shapes.geometric,backgrounds}
\usetikzlibrary{plotmarks,fit}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.8cm,y=0.5cm]
%axis
\draw (0,0) -- coordinate (x axis mid) (10,0);
\draw (0,0) -- coordinate (y axis mid) (0,12);
%ticks
\foreach \x in {0,2,...,10}
\draw (\x,0pt) -- (\x,-3pt) node[anchor=north] {\x};
\foreach \y in {0,2,...,12}
\draw (0pt,\y) -- (-3pt,\y) node[anchor=east] {\y};
%labels
\node[below=0.8cm,xshift=0.3cm,scale=1.5] at (x axis mid) {$\sum{t_i}\;\;\longrightarrow$};
% plot first concave function
\draw[green,thick,] plot[mark=square*,mark options={fill=green}] coordinates{(0,2) (1,3) (2,4) (3,5) (4,5) (5,5) (6,5) (7,5) (8,5) (9,3) (10,1)};
\node[mark=square*,green,thick,mark options={fill=green}] at (4,5) {};
% plot second concave function
\draw[red,thick] plot[mark=square*,mark options={fill=red}] coordinates {(0,1) (1,2) (2,3) (3,4) (4,5) (5,6) (6,6) (7,5) (8,4) (9,3) (10,2)};
% plot third concave function
\draw[blue,thick] plot [mark=*,mark options={fill=blue}] coordinates{(0,3) (1,5) (2,7) (3,9) (4,10) (5,11) (6,11) (7,10) (8,9) (9,6) (10,3)};
%legend
\begin{scope}[shift={(0.5,10)}]
\draw[yshift=3\baselineskip] (0,0) node(a){} --
plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=red}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{$f(t)$};
\draw[yshift=2\baselineskip] (0,0) --
plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=green}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right]{$g(t)$};
\draw[yshift=\baselineskip] (0,0) --
plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=blue}] (0.25,0) -- (0.5,0) node[right](fg){$f(t) + g(t)$};
\node[draw,fit=(a) (fg)] {};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
顺便说一句,您不需要preview
使用类明确地进行打包standalone
。