Linux 中 texlive 软件包之间的差异

Question 1

注意：我在写这个答案时参考了全新的 Debian GNU/Linux 10.0 (buster) 安装。由于 Ubuntu 是基于 Debian 的发行版，因此我希望这些细节在 Ubuntu 中也类似。

下表显示了将下载的档案大小以及使用apt-get install命令安装的每个软件包将使用的额外磁盘空间。显示的每个大小包括正在安装的软件包的大小以及将与其一起安装的所有依赖项的大小。

封装尺寸

Package                    Archives  Disk Space
-------------------------  --------  ----------
texlive-latex-base            59 MB      216 MB
texlive-latex-recommended     74 MB      248 MB
texlive-pictures              83 MB      277 MB
texlive-fonts-recommended     83 MB      281 MB
texlive                       98 MB      314 MB
texlive-plain-generic         82 MB      261 MB
texlive-latex-extra          144 MB      452 MB
texlive-full                2804 MB     5358 MB

套餐详情

texlive-latex-base：该软件包包含由核心 LaTeX 团队强制要求的软件包，或者在实践中被广泛使用和强烈推荐的软件包。

它包括 28 个 CTAN 包：

ae, amscls, amsmath, babel, babel-english, babelbib, carlisle, colortbl, fancyhdr, fix2col, geometry, graphics, graphics-cfg, hyperref, latex, latex-bin, latex-fonts, latexconfig, ltxmisc, mfnfss, mptopdf, natbib, oberdiek, pslatex, psnfss, pspicture, tools, url

texlive-latex-recommended：包含一系列广泛使用的 LaTeX 推荐附加包。

安装此包也会安装texlive-latex-base因为texlive-latex-recommended建议tipa依赖于texlive-latex-base。

它包括 62 个 CTAN 包：

anysize, beamer, booktabs, breqn, caption, cite, cmap, crop, ctable, eso-pic, euenc, euler, etoolbox, extsizes, fancybox, fancyref, fancyvrb, filehook, float, fontspec, fp, index, jknapltx, koma-script, latexbug, l3experimental, l3kernel, l3packages, lineno, listings, lwarp, mathspec, mathtools, mdwtools, memoir, metalogo, microtype, ms, ntgclass, parskip, pdfpages, polyglossia, powerdot, psfrag, rcs, sansmath, section, seminar, sepnum, setspace, subfig, textcase, thumbpdf, translator, typehtml, ucharcat, underscore, unicode-math, xcolor, xkeyval, xltxtra, xunicode.

texlive-pictures：它包含图形、图片和图表的包，包括 TikZ、pict 等。

安装此包也会安装texlive-latex-base和，texlive-latex-recommended因为此包依赖于，texlive-latex-recommended而后者又依赖于texlive-latex-base。

它包括 188 个 CTAN 包：

adigraph, aobs-tikz, askmaps, asyfig, asypictureb, autoarea, bardiag, beamerswitch, binarytree, blochsphere, bloques, blox, bodegraph, bondgraph, bondgraphs, braids, bxeepic, cachepic, callouts, celtic, chemfig, combinedgraphics, circuitikz, curve, curve2e, curves, dcpic, diagmac2, ditaa, doc-pictex, dottex, dot2texi, dratex, drs, duotenzor, dynkin-diagrams, ecgdraw, eepic, ellipse, endofproofwd, epspdf, epspdfconversion, esk, euflag, fast-diagram, fig4latex, fitbox, flowchart, forest, genealogytree, getmap, gincltex, gnuplottex, gradientframe, grafcet, graph35, graphicxpsd, graphviz, gtrlib-largetrees, harveyballs, here, hf-tikz, hobby, hvfloat, istgame, knitting, knittingpattern, ladder, lapdf, latex-make, lpic, lroundrect, luamesh, luasseq, maker, makeshape, mathspic, milsymb, miniplot, mkpic, modiagram, neuralnetwork, numericplots, pb-diagram, penrose, petri-nets, pgf, pgf-blur, pgf-cmykshadings, pgf-soroban, pgf-spectra, pgf-umlcd, pgf-umlsd, pgfgantt, pgfkeyx, pgfmolbio, pgfopts, pgfornament, pgfplots, picinpar, pict2e, pictex, pictex2, pinlabel, pixelart, pmgraph, postage, prerex, productbox, pxpgfmark, qcircuit, quantikz, qrcode, randbild, randomwalk, realhats, reotex, rviewport, sa-tikz, schemabloc, scsnowman, scratch, scratch3, setdeck, signchart, smartdiagram, spath3, spectralsequences, swimgraf, table-fct, texdraw, ticollege, tipfr, tikz-3dplot, tikz-bayesnet, tikz-cd, tikz-dependency, tikz-dimline, tikz-feynhand, tikz-feynman, tikz-imagelabels, tikz-inet, tikz-kalender, tikz-karnaugh, tikz-ladder, tikz-layers, tikz-nef, tikz-network, tikz-opm, tikz-optics, tikz-page, tikz-palattice, tikz-qtree, tikz-relay, tikz-sfc, tikz-timing, tikz-truchet, tikzcodeblocks, tikzducks, tikzinclude, tikzlings, tikzmark, tikzmarmots, tikzorbital, tikzpagenodes, tikzpfeile, tikzpeople, tikzposter, tikzscale, tikzsymbols, timing-diagrams, tqft, tkz-base, tkz-berge, tkz-doc, tkz-euclide, tkz-fct, tkz-graph, tkz-kiviat, tkz-linknodes, tkz-orm, tkz-tab, tsemlines, tufte-latex, venndiagram, visualpstricks, xpicture, xypic

texlive-fonts-recommended：此包中包含推荐的字体，包括基本 35 种 PostScript 字体、Latin Modern、TeX Gyre 以及 T1 和其他对 Computer Modern 的编码支持（以轮廓形式）。

安装此包也会安装，texlive-latex-base因为它是该包的依赖项之一。

它包括 24 个 CTAN 包：
```
avantgar, bookman, charter, cmextra, courier, ec, euro, euro-ce, eurosym, fpl, helvetic, marvosym, mathpazo, manfnt-font, mflogo-font, ncntrsbk, palatino, pxfonts, rsfs, symbol, times, txfonts, utopia, wasy, wasy2-ps, wasysym, zapfchan, zapfding
```
texlive：此元包提供了 TeX Live 包的不错选择，足以满足最常见的任务。

这是一个元软件包，也就是说，它不包含任何自己的 CTAN 软件包。它仅依赖于texlive-latex-base、texlive-latex-recommended和texlive-fonts-recommended。换句话说，这apt-get install texlive是一种安装精简版 TeX Live 发行版（包含所有推荐的 CTAN 软件包）的便捷方式。

texlive-plain-generic：此软件包包含可与纯 TeX、通常是 LaTeX 以及偶尔的其他格式一起使用的附加包和宏。

它包括 91 个 CTAN 包：

abbr, abstyles, apnum, autoaligne, barr, bitelist, borceux, c-pascal, catcodes, chronosys, colorsep, cweb-old, dinat, dirtree, docbytex, dowith, eijkhout, encxvlna, epigram, epsf, epsf-dvipdfmx, fenixpar, figflow, fixpdfmag, fltpoint, fntproof, font-change, fontch, fontname, gates, genmisc, getoptk, gfnotation, gobble, graphics-pln, gtl, hlist, hyplain, ifetex, iftex, insbox, js-misc, kastrup, lambda-lists, langcode, lecturer, librarian, listofitems, mathdots, metatex, midnight, mkpattern, modulus, multido, navigator, newsletr, ofs, olsak-misc, path, pdf-trans, pitex, placeins-plain, plainpkg, plipsum, plnfss, plstmary, poormanlog, present, randomlist, resumemac, schemata, shade, simplekv, systeme, tabto-generic, termmenu, tex-ps, tex4ht, texapi, texdate, timetable, tracklang, treetex, trigonometry, ulem, upca, varisize, xii, xii-lat, xlop, yax

texlive-latex-extra：此包中包含大量附加包。

安装此软件包还会安装texlive-latex-base、texlive-latex-recommended、texlive-pictures、texlive-fonts-recommended和texlive-plain-generic。此软件包依赖于texlive-latex-recommended（而后者又依赖于texlive-latex-base）和texlive-pictures。此外，此软件包推荐texlive-plain-generic和texlive-fonts-recommended。

它包括 1239 个 CTAN 包：

2up, ESIEEcv, GS1, HA-prosper, Tabbing, a0poster, a4wide, a5comb, abraces, abstract, achemso, acro, acronym, acroterm, actuarialangle, actuarialsymbol, addfont, addlines, adjmulticol, adjustbox, adrconv, advdate, akktex, akletter, alertmessage, alnumsec, alterqcm, altfont, amsaddr, animate, anonchap, answers, anyfontsize, appendix, appendixnumberbeamer, apptools, arcs, arrayjobx, arraysort, arydshln, asciilist, assignment, assoccnt, attachfile, aurl, authoraftertitle, authorarchive, authorindex, autonum, autopdf, avremu, axessibility, background, bankstatement, bashful, basicarith, bchart, beamer2thesis, beameraudience, beamercolorthemeowl, beamerdarkthemes, beamerposter, beamersubframe, beamertheme-cuerna, beamertheme-detlevcm, beamertheme-epyt, beamertheme-focus, beamertheme-light, beamertheme-metropolis, beamertheme-npbt, beamertheme-phnompenh, beamertheme-saintpetersburg, beamertheme-upenn-bc, beamerthemejltree, beamerthemenirma, beton, bewerbung, bez123, bezos, bhcexam, bibletext, bigfoot, bigints, biochemistry-colors, bizcard, blindtext, blkarray, block, blowup, bnumexpr, boites, bold-extra, bookcover, bookest, booklet, boolexpr, bophook, boxedminipage, boxedminipage2e, boxhandler, bracketkey, braket, breakurl, bullcntr, bussproofs, bxcalc, bxdpx-beamer, bxdvidriver, bxenclose, bxnewfont, bxpapersize, bxpdfver, bxtexlogo, calcage, calctab, calculator, calrsfs, cals, calxxxx-yyyy, cancel, canoniclayout, capt-of, captcont, captdef, carbohydrates, cases, casyl, catchfilebetweentags, catechis, catoptions, cbcoptic, ccaption, cclicenses, cd, cd-cover, cdpbundl, cellprops, cellspace, censor, changebar, changelayout, changelog, changepage, changes, chappg, chapterfolder, cheatsheet, chet, chextras, childdoc, chkfloat, chletter, chngcntr, chronology, circ, classics, classpack, clefval, cleveref, clipboard, clock, cloze, clrdblpg, clrstrip, cmdstring, cmdtrack, cmsd, cnltx, cntformats, cntperchap, codedoc, codepage, codesection, collcell, collectbox, colophon, colordoc, colorinfo, coloring, colorspace, colortab, colorwav, colorweb, colourchange, combelow, combine, comma, commado, commedit, comment, competences, concepts, concprog, constants, continue, contour, contracard, conv-xkv, cooking, cooking-units, cool, coollist, coolstr, coolthms, cooltooltips, coordsys, copyedit, copyrightbox, coseoul, counttexruns, courseoutline, coursepaper, coverpage, cprotect, crbox, crossreference, crossreftools, csquotes, css-colors, csvsimple, cuisine, currency, currfile, currvita, cutwin, cv, cv4tw, cweb-latex, cyber, cybercic, dashbox, dashrule, dashundergaps, dataref, datatool, dateiliste, datenumber, datetime, datetime2, datetime2-bahasai, datetime2-basque, datetime2-breton, datetime2-bulgarian, datetime2-catalan, datetime2-croatian, datetime2-czech, datetime2-danish, datetime2-dutch, datetime2-en-fulltext, datetime2-english, datetime2-esperanto, datetime2-estonian, datetime2-finnish, datetime2-french, datetime2-galician, datetime2-german, datetime2-greek, datetime2-hebrew, datetime2-icelandic, datetime2-irish, datetime2-italian, datetime2-it-fulltext, datetime2-latin, datetime2-lsorbian, datetime2-magyar, datetime2-norsk, datetime2-polish, datetime2-portuges, datetime2-romanian, datetime2-russian, datetime2-samin, datetime2-scottish, datetime2-serbian, datetime2-slovak, datetime2-slovene, datetime2-spanish, datetime2-swedish, datetime2-turkish, datetime2-ukrainian, datetime2-usorbian, datetime2-welsh, dblfloatfix, decimal, decorule, delimtxt, denisbdoc, diagbox, diagnose, dialogl, dichokey, dinbrief, directory, dirtytalk, dlfltxb, dnaseq, doclicense, docmfp, docmute, doctools, documentation, doi, dotarrow, dotseqn, download, dox, dpfloat, dprogress, drac, draftcopy, draftfigure, draftwatermark, dtk, dtxdescribe, dtxgallery, duckuments, ducksay, dvdcoll, dynamicnumber, dynblocks, ean13isbn, easy, easy-todo, easyfig, easyformat, easylist, easyreview, ebezier, ecclesiastic, ecv, ed, edmargin, eemeir, efbox, egplot, elegantbook, elegantnote, elegantpaper, elements, ellipsis, elmath, elocalloc, elpres, elzcards, emarks, embedall, embrac, emptypage, emulateapj, endfloat, endheads, endnotes, engpron, engrec, enotez, enumitem, enumitem-zref, envbig, environ, envlab, epigraph, epiolmec, eqell, eqlist, eqnalign, eqname, eqparbox, errata, erw-l3, esami, esdiff, esint, esint-type1, etaremune, etextools, etoc, eukdate, eulerpx, europasscv, europecv, everyhook, everypage, exam, exam-n, exam-randomizechoices, examdesign, exframe, example, examplep, exceltex, excludeonly, exercise, exercisebank, exercisepoints, exercises, exp-testopt, expdlist, export, exsheets, exsol, extract, facsimile, factura, fancyhandout, fancylabel, fancynum, fancypar, fancyslides, fancytabs, fancytooltips, fcolumn, fetchcls, ffslides, fgruler, fibeamer, fifo-stack, figsize, filecontents, filecontentsdef, filedate, fileinfo, filemod, fink, finstrut, fithesis, fixcmex, fixfoot, fixme, fixmetodonotes, fjodor, flabels, flacards, flagderiv, flashcards, flashmovie, flipbook, flippdf, floatflt, floatrow, flowfram, fmp, fmtcount, fn2end, fnbreak, fncychap, fncylab, fnpara, fnpct, fnumprint, foilhtml, fontaxes, fonttable, footmisc, footmisx, footnotebackref, footnotehyper, footnoterange, footnpag, forarray, foreign, forloop, formlett, forms16be, formular, fragments, frame, framed, frankenstein, frege, ftcap, ftnxtra, fullblck, fullminipage, fullwidth, fundus-calligra, fundus-cyr, fundus-sueterlin, fvextra, fwlw, g-brief, gatherenum, gauss, gcard, gcite, gender, genmpage, getfiledate, getitems, ginpenc, gitfile-info, gitinfo, gitinfo2, gitlog, gitver, globalvals, gloss, glossaries, glossaries-danish, glossaries-dutch, glossaries-english, glossaries-estonian, glossaries-extra, glossaries-finnish, glossaries-french, glossaries-german, glossaries-irish, glossaries-italian, glossaries-magyar, glossaries-polish, glossaries-portuges, glossaries-serbian, glossaries-spanish, gmdoc, gmdoc-enhance, gmiflink, gmutils, gmverb, grabbox, graphbox, graphicx-psmin, graphicxbox, grayhints, grfpaste, grid, grid-system, gridset, gridslides, guitlogo, halloweenmath, hackthefootline, handin, handout, hang, hanging, hardwrap, harnon-cv, harpoon, hc, he-she, hhtensor, histogr, hitec, hletter, hpsdiss, hrefhide, hvindex, hypdvips, hyper, hyperbar, hypernat, hyperxmp, hyphenat, identkey, idxcmds, idxlayout, iffont, ifmslide, ifmtarg, ifnextok, ifoddpage, ifplatform, ifthenx, iitem, image-gallery, imakeidx, import, incgraph, indextools, inline-images, inlinedef, inputtrc, interactiveworkbook, interfaces, intopdf, inversepath, invoice, invoice-class, invoice2, iso, iso10303, isodate, isodoc, isonums, isopt, isorot, isotope, issuulinks, iwhdp, jlabels, jslectureplanner, jumplines, jvlisting, kalendarium, kantlipsum, kerntest, keycommand, keyfloat, keyreader, keystroke, keyval2e, keyvaltable, kix, knowledge, koma-moderncvclassic, koma-script-sfs, komacv, komacv-rg, ktv-texdata, l3build, labbook, labels, labelschanged, lastpackage, lastpage, latex-tds, latex-uni8, latexcolors, latexdemo, latexgit, layouts, lazylist, lccaps, lcd, lcg, leading, leaflet, lectures, leftidx, leipzig, lengthconvert, lettre, lettrine, lewis, lhelp, libgreek, limap, linegoal, linop, lipsum, lisp-on-tex, listing, listlbls, listliketab, listofsymbols, lkproof, lmake, locality, localloc, logbox, logical-markup-utils, logpap, longfbox, longfigure, longnamefilelist, loops, lsc, lstaddons, lstfiracode, lt3graph, ltablex, ltabptch, ltxdockit, ltxguidex, ltxindex, ltxkeys, ltxnew, ltxtools, lua-check-hyphen, luatodonotes, macroswap, magaz, makecookbook, mailing, mailmerge, makebarcode, makebase, makebox, makecell, makecirc, makecmds, makedtx, makeglos, mandi, manfnt, manuscript, manyind, marginfit, marginfix, marginnote, markdown, mathalfa, mathastext, mathexam, mathfam256, mathfont, maybemath, mbenotes, mcaption, mceinleger, mcexam, mcite, mciteplus, mdframed, media9, medstarbeamer, meetingmins, memexsupp, memory, mensa-tex, menu, menukeys, metalogox, method, metre, mfirstuc, mftinc, mi-solns, midpage, minibox, minidocument, minifp, minipage-marginpar, minitoc, minorrevision, minted, minutes, mla-paper, mlist, mmap, mnotes, moderncv, modernposter, moderntimeline, modref, modroman, modular, monofill, moodle, moreenum, morefloats, morehype, moresize, moreverb, morewrites, movie15, mparhack, mpostinl, msc, msg, mslapa, mtgreek, multenum, multiaudience, multibbl, multicap, multicolrule, multidef, multienv, multiexpand, multilang, multirow, mversion, mwe, mycv, mylatexformat, nag, nameauth, namespc, ncclatex, ncctools, needspace, nestquot, newcommand, newenviron, newfile, newlfm, newspaper, newunicodechar, newvbtm, newverbs, nextpage, nfssext-cfr, nicefilelist, niceframe, nicetext, nidanfloat, nlctdoc, noconflict, noindentafter, noitcrul, nolbreaks, nomencl, nomentbl, nonfloat, nonumonpart, nopageno, normalcolor, notes, notespages, notestex, notoccite, nowidow, nox, ntheorem, numberedblock, numname, numprint, numspell, ocg-p, ocgx, ocgx2, ocr-latex, octavo, oldstyle, onlyamsmath, opcit, optidef, optional, options, outline, outliner, outlines, outlining, overlays, overpic, padcount, pagecolor, pagecont, pagenote, pagerange, pageslts, paper, papercdcase, papermas, papertex, paracol, parades, paralist, paresse, parnotes, parselines, pas-cours, pas-cv, pas-tableur, patch, patchcmd, pauldoc, pawpict, pax, pbox, pbsheet, pdf14, pdfcomment, pdfcprot, pdfmarginpar, pdfoverlay, pdfpagediff, pdfpc-movie, pdfprivacy, pdfreview, pdfscreen, pdfslide, pdfsync, pdfwin, pdfx, pecha, perltex, permute, petiteannonce, phffullpagefigure, phfnote, phfparen, phfqit, phfquotetext, phfsvnwatermark, phfthm, philex, phonenumbers, photo, piff, pkgloader, placeins, plantslabels, plates, plweb, polynom, polynomial, polytable, postcards, poster-mac, ppr-prv, preprint, pressrelease, prettyref, printlen, probsoln, program, progress, progressbar, proofread, properties, prosper, protex, protocol, psfragx, pstool, pstring, pxgreeks, pygmentex, python, qcm, qstest, qsymbols, quicktype, quotchap, quoting, quotmark, ran_toks, randtext, rccol, rcs-multi, rcsinfo, readarray, realboxes, recipe, recipebook, recipecard, rectopma, refcheck, refenums, reflectgraphics, refman, refstyle, regcount, regexpatch, register, regstats, relenc, relsize, repeatindex, repltext, returntogrid, rgltxdoc, rjlparshap, rlepsf, rmpage, robustcommand, robustindex, romanbar, romanbarpagenumber, romanneg, romannum, rotfloat, rotpages, roundbox, rterface, rtkinenc, rulercompass, rvwrite, sanitize-umlaut, sauerj, savefnmark, savesym, savetrees, scale, scalebar, scalerel, scanpages, scrlttr2copy, sdrt, secdot, sectionbox, sectionbreak, sectsty, seealso, selectp, semantic, semantic-markup, semioneside, semproc, sepfootnotes, seqsplit, sesstime, sf298, sffms, sfmath, shadethm, shadow, shadowtext, shapepar, shdoc, shipunov, shorttoc, show2e, showcharinbox, showdim, showexpl, showhyphens, showlabels, sidecap, sidenotes, silence, simplecd, simplecv, simpleinvoice, sitem, skb, skdoc, skeycommand, skeyval, skrapport, slantsc, smalltableof, smartunits, smartref, snapshot, snotez, soul, spark-otf, sparklines, sphack, splitindex, spot, spotcolor, spreadtab, spverbatim, srbook-mem, srcltx, sseq, sslides, stack, stackengine, standalone, stdclsdv, stealcaps, stdpage, stex, storebox, storecmd, stringstrings, sttools, stubs, studenthandouts, subdepth, subeqn, subeqnarray, subfigmat, subfigure, subfiles, subfloat, substitutefont, substr, supertabular, svg, svgcolor, svn, svn-multi, svn-prov, svninfo, syntax, syntrace, synttree, tabfigures, tableaux, tablefootnote, tableof, tablestyles, tablists, tabls, tablvar, tabstackengine, tabto-ltx, tabu, tabularborder, tabularcalc, tabularew, tabulary, tagging, tagpair, tagpdf, talk, tamefloats, tasks, tcldoc, tcolorbox, tdclock, technics, ted, templatetools, termcal, termlist, testhyphens, testidx, tex-label, tex-locale, texlogos, texmate, texments, texpower, texshade, texvc, textfit, textmerg, textpos, textualicomma, theoremref, thinsp, thmtools, threadcol, threeparttable, threeparttablex, thumb, thumbs, thumby, ticket, titlecaps, titlefoot, titlepic, titleref, titlesec, titling, tocbibind, tocdata, tocloft, tocvsec2, todo, todonotes, tokenizer, toolbox, topfloat, topiclongtable, totcount, totpages, translations, trfsigns, trimspaces, trivfloat, trsym, truncate, tucv, turnthepage, twoinone, twoup, txgreeks, type1cm, typed-checklist, typeface, typoaid, typogrid, uassign, ucs, uebungsblatt, umoline, underlin, underoverlap, undolabl, units, unravel, upmethodology, upquote, uri, ushort, uspace, uwmslide, variablelm, varindex, varsfromjobname, varwidth, vdmlisting, verbasef, verbatimbox, verbatimcopy, verbdef, verbments, version, versions, versonotes, vertbars, vgrid, vhistory, vmargin, volumes, vpe, vruler, vwcol, wallcalendar, wallpaper, warning, warpcol, was, widetable, widows-and-orphans, williams, withargs, wordcount, wordlike, worksheet, wrapfig, wtref, xargs, xassoccnt, xbmks, xcntperchap, xcolor-material, xcolor-solarized, xcomment, xcookybooky, xdoc, xellipsis, xfakebold, xfor, xhfill, xifthen, xint, xltabular, xmpincl, xnewcommand, xoptarg, xpatch, xpeek, xprintlen, xpunctuate, xsavebox, xsim, xstring, xtab, xurl, xwatermark, xytree, yafoot, yaletter, yagusylo, ycbook, ydoc, yplan, zebra-goodies, zed-csp, ziffer, zwgetfdate, zwpagelayout

texlive-full：此元包包含 TeX Live 的所有组件。

安装此元包会安装上面讨论的所有包以及更多内容。此元包依赖于所有 Tex Live 包，包括所有上述包。

依赖图

这是一个依赖图，显示了 TeX Live 的各种 Debian 包如何相互依赖。

                      texlive-latex-extra
                         |   |   :   :
       +-----------------+   |   :   :..................
       |                     |   :                     :
       v                     |   :                     v
texlive-pictures             |   :           texlive-plain-generic
       |                     |   :
       |    +----------------+   :...............
       |    |                                   :
       |    |              texlive              :
       |    |               | | |               :
       |    |    +----------+ | +----------+    :
       |    |    |            |            |    :
       v    v    v            |            v    v
texlive-latex-recommended     |  texlive-fonts-recommended
                 |            |            :
                 |            |            v
                 |            |           tipa
                 |            |            |
                 +----------+ | +----------+
                            | | |
                            v v v
                     texlive-latex-base

以下是上图的图例：

      A                       A
      |                       :
      v                       v
      B                       B

A depends on B          A recommends B

该texlive-full包依赖于上面显示的所有包（当然，除了texlive因为它是一个元包）。

安装选择

考虑到我上面提到的所有内容，我认为在 Debian 或 Ubuntu 上安装 TeX Live 有以下不错的选择。

apt-get install texlive-base：这是一个很小的安装。它仅下载 59 MB 的档案，仅占用 216 MB 的磁盘空间。它仅适合进行非常基本和直接的排版。刚开始学习 LaTeX 的人可能能够使用这个最小安装进行学习活动。但对于创建演示文稿（beamer缺失）、包含语法突出显示的代码块（listings和xcolor缺失）、在段落之间添加垂直空间（parskip缺失）或自定义标题（caption缺失）的人来说，它可能不够用。
apt-get install texlive：这是一个小型安装。它仅下载 98 MB 的档案并占用 314 MB 的磁盘空间。它包括大多数有用的东西，如、、、、、beamer等。我认为这个安装可以走很长一段路。但是，如果您想用listingsTikZ绘制图表（缺失），或者如果您想自定义部分标题（缺失），或者如果您想将框放置在绝对位置（缺失），它可能不够用。xcolorparskipcaptionpgftitlesectextpos
apt-get install texlive-latex-extra：这是一个中等安装。它下载了 144 MB 的档案并占用了 452 MB 的磁盘空间。它包含很多软件包。几乎所有常用的东西都存在。例如，、pgf和titlesec都textpos存在。这是我通常安装的。即使有大量的软件包，它也缺少一些我偶尔依赖的有用的东西。例如，我无法在其中包含漂亮的图标（fontawesome缺少）。对于这些东西，我会使用单独安装它们tlmgr。
apt-get install texlive-full：这是一个巨大的安装。它会下载 2.7 GB 的档案，并在安装时占用 5.2 GB 的磁盘空间。安装完成后，我们就可以进行各种排版工作了。我们几乎再也不用担心丢失软件包了。

Answer

注意：我在写这个答案时参考了全新的 Debian GNU/Linux 10.0 (buster) 安装。由于 Ubuntu 是基于 Debian 的发行版，因此我希望这些细节在 Ubuntu 中也类似。

下表显示了将下载的档案大小以及使用apt-get install命令安装的每个软件包将使用的额外磁盘空间。显示的每个大小包括正在安装的软件包的大小以及将与其一起安装的所有依赖项的大小。

封装尺寸

Package                    Archives  Disk Space
-------------------------  --------  ----------
texlive-latex-base            59 MB      216 MB
texlive-latex-recommended     74 MB      248 MB
texlive-pictures              83 MB      277 MB
texlive-fonts-recommended     83 MB      281 MB
texlive                       98 MB      314 MB
texlive-plain-generic         82 MB      261 MB
texlive-latex-extra          144 MB      452 MB
texlive-full                2804 MB     5358 MB

套餐详情

texlive-latex-base：该软件包包含由核心 LaTeX 团队强制要求的软件包，或者在实践中被广泛使用和强烈推荐的软件包。

它包括 28 个 CTAN 包：

ae, amscls, amsmath, babel, babel-english, babelbib, carlisle, colortbl, fancyhdr, fix2col, geometry, graphics, graphics-cfg, hyperref, latex, latex-bin, latex-fonts, latexconfig, ltxmisc, mfnfss, mptopdf, natbib, oberdiek, pslatex, psnfss, pspicture, tools, url

texlive-latex-recommended：包含一系列广泛使用的 LaTeX 推荐附加包。

安装此包也会安装texlive-latex-base因为texlive-latex-recommended建议tipa依赖于texlive-latex-base。

它包括 62 个 CTAN 包：

anysize, beamer, booktabs, breqn, caption, cite, cmap, crop, ctable, eso-pic, euenc, euler, etoolbox, extsizes, fancybox, fancyref, fancyvrb, filehook, float, fontspec, fp, index, jknapltx, koma-script, latexbug, l3experimental, l3kernel, l3packages, lineno, listings, lwarp, mathspec, mathtools, mdwtools, memoir, metalogo, microtype, ms, ntgclass, parskip, pdfpages, polyglossia, powerdot, psfrag, rcs, sansmath, section, seminar, sepnum, setspace, subfig, textcase, thumbpdf, translator, typehtml, ucharcat, underscore, unicode-math, xcolor, xkeyval, xltxtra, xunicode.

texlive-pictures：它包含图形、图片和图表的包，包括 TikZ、pict 等。

安装此包也会安装texlive-latex-base和，texlive-latex-recommended因为此包依赖于，texlive-latex-recommended而后者又依赖于texlive-latex-base。

它包括 188 个 CTAN 包：

adigraph, aobs-tikz, askmaps, asyfig, asypictureb, autoarea, bardiag, beamerswitch, binarytree, blochsphere, bloques, blox, bodegraph, bondgraph, bondgraphs, braids, bxeepic, cachepic, callouts, celtic, chemfig, combinedgraphics, circuitikz, curve, curve2e, curves, dcpic, diagmac2, ditaa, doc-pictex, dottex, dot2texi, dratex, drs, duotenzor, dynkin-diagrams, ecgdraw, eepic, ellipse, endofproofwd, epspdf, epspdfconversion, esk, euflag, fast-diagram, fig4latex, fitbox, flowchart, forest, genealogytree, getmap, gincltex, gnuplottex, gradientframe, grafcet, graph35, graphicxpsd, graphviz, gtrlib-largetrees, harveyballs, here, hf-tikz, hobby, hvfloat, istgame, knitting, knittingpattern, ladder, lapdf, latex-make, lpic, lroundrect, luamesh, luasseq, maker, makeshape, mathspic, milsymb, miniplot, mkpic, modiagram, neuralnetwork, numericplots, pb-diagram, penrose, petri-nets, pgf, pgf-blur, pgf-cmykshadings, pgf-soroban, pgf-spectra, pgf-umlcd, pgf-umlsd, pgfgantt, pgfkeyx, pgfmolbio, pgfopts, pgfornament, pgfplots, picinpar, pict2e, pictex, pictex2, pinlabel, pixelart, pmgraph, postage, prerex, productbox, pxpgfmark, qcircuit, quantikz, qrcode, randbild, randomwalk, realhats, reotex, rviewport, sa-tikz, schemabloc, scsnowman, scratch, scratch3, setdeck, signchart, smartdiagram, spath3, spectralsequences, swimgraf, table-fct, texdraw, ticollege, tipfr, tikz-3dplot, tikz-bayesnet, tikz-cd, tikz-dependency, tikz-dimline, tikz-feynhand, tikz-feynman, tikz-imagelabels, tikz-inet, tikz-kalender, tikz-karnaugh, tikz-ladder, tikz-layers, tikz-nef, tikz-network, tikz-opm, tikz-optics, tikz-page, tikz-palattice, tikz-qtree, tikz-relay, tikz-sfc, tikz-timing, tikz-truchet, tikzcodeblocks, tikzducks, tikzinclude, tikzlings, tikzmark, tikzmarmots, tikzorbital, tikzpagenodes, tikzpfeile, tikzpeople, tikzposter, tikzscale, tikzsymbols, timing-diagrams, tqft, tkz-base, tkz-berge, tkz-doc, tkz-euclide, tkz-fct, tkz-graph, tkz-kiviat, tkz-linknodes, tkz-orm, tkz-tab, tsemlines, tufte-latex, venndiagram, visualpstricks, xpicture, xypic

texlive-fonts-recommended：此包中包含推荐的字体，包括基本 35 种 PostScript 字体、Latin Modern、TeX Gyre 以及 T1 和其他对 Computer Modern 的编码支持（以轮廓形式）。

安装此包也会安装，texlive-latex-base因为它是该包的依赖项之一。

它包括 24 个 CTAN 包：
```
avantgar, bookman, charter, cmextra, courier, ec, euro, euro-ce, eurosym, fpl, helvetic, marvosym, mathpazo, manfnt-font, mflogo-font, ncntrsbk, palatino, pxfonts, rsfs, symbol, times, txfonts, utopia, wasy, wasy2-ps, wasysym, zapfchan, zapfding
```
texlive：此元包提供了 TeX Live 包的不错选择，足以满足最常见的任务。

这是一个元软件包，也就是说，它不包含任何自己的 CTAN 软件包。它仅依赖于texlive-latex-base、texlive-latex-recommended和texlive-fonts-recommended。换句话说，这apt-get install texlive是一种安装精简版 TeX Live 发行版（包含所有推荐的 CTAN 软件包）的便捷方式。

texlive-plain-generic：此软件包包含可与纯 TeX、通常是 LaTeX 以及偶尔的其他格式一起使用的附加包和宏。

它包括 91 个 CTAN 包：

abbr, abstyles, apnum, autoaligne, barr, bitelist, borceux, c-pascal, catcodes, chronosys, colorsep, cweb-old, dinat, dirtree, docbytex, dowith, eijkhout, encxvlna, epigram, epsf, epsf-dvipdfmx, fenixpar, figflow, fixpdfmag, fltpoint, fntproof, font-change, fontch, fontname, gates, genmisc, getoptk, gfnotation, gobble, graphics-pln, gtl, hlist, hyplain, ifetex, iftex, insbox, js-misc, kastrup, lambda-lists, langcode, lecturer, librarian, listofitems, mathdots, metatex, midnight, mkpattern, modulus, multido, navigator, newsletr, ofs, olsak-misc, path, pdf-trans, pitex, placeins-plain, plainpkg, plipsum, plnfss, plstmary, poormanlog, present, randomlist, resumemac, schemata, shade, simplekv, systeme, tabto-generic, termmenu, tex-ps, tex4ht, texapi, texdate, timetable, tracklang, treetex, trigonometry, ulem, upca, varisize, xii, xii-lat, xlop, yax

texlive-latex-extra：此包中包含大量附加包。

安装此软件包还会安装texlive-latex-base、texlive-latex-recommended、texlive-pictures、texlive-fonts-recommended和texlive-plain-generic。此软件包依赖于texlive-latex-recommended（而后者又依赖于texlive-latex-base）和texlive-pictures。此外，此软件包推荐texlive-plain-generic和texlive-fonts-recommended。

它包括 1239 个 CTAN 包：

2up, ESIEEcv, GS1, HA-prosper, Tabbing, a0poster, a4wide, a5comb, abraces, abstract, achemso, acro, acronym, acroterm, actuarialangle, actuarialsymbol, addfont, addlines, adjmulticol, adjustbox, adrconv, advdate, akktex, akletter, alertmessage, alnumsec, alterqcm, altfont, amsaddr, animate, anonchap, answers, anyfontsize, appendix, appendixnumberbeamer, apptools, arcs, arrayjobx, arraysort, arydshln, asciilist, assignment, assoccnt, attachfile, aurl, authoraftertitle, authorarchive, authorindex, autonum, autopdf, avremu, axessibility, background, bankstatement, bashful, basicarith, bchart, beamer2thesis, beameraudience, beamercolorthemeowl, beamerdarkthemes, beamerposter, beamersubframe, beamertheme-cuerna, beamertheme-detlevcm, beamertheme-epyt, beamertheme-focus, beamertheme-light, beamertheme-metropolis, beamertheme-npbt, beamertheme-phnompenh, beamertheme-saintpetersburg, beamertheme-upenn-bc, beamerthemejltree, beamerthemenirma, beton, bewerbung, bez123, bezos, bhcexam, bibletext, bigfoot, bigints, biochemistry-colors, bizcard, blindtext, blkarray, block, blowup, bnumexpr, boites, bold-extra, bookcover, bookest, booklet, boolexpr, bophook, boxedminipage, boxedminipage2e, boxhandler, bracketkey, braket, breakurl, bullcntr, bussproofs, bxcalc, bxdpx-beamer, bxdvidriver, bxenclose, bxnewfont, bxpapersize, bxpdfver, bxtexlogo, calcage, calctab, calculator, calrsfs, cals, calxxxx-yyyy, cancel, canoniclayout, capt-of, captcont, captdef, carbohydrates, cases, casyl, catchfilebetweentags, catechis, catoptions, cbcoptic, ccaption, cclicenses, cd, cd-cover, cdpbundl, cellprops, cellspace, censor, changebar, changelayout, changelog, changepage, changes, chappg, chapterfolder, cheatsheet, chet, chextras, childdoc, chkfloat, chletter, chngcntr, chronology, circ, classics, classpack, clefval, cleveref, clipboard, clock, cloze, clrdblpg, clrstrip, cmdstring, cmdtrack, cmsd, cnltx, cntformats, cntperchap, codedoc, codepage, codesection, collcell, collectbox, colophon, colordoc, colorinfo, coloring, colorspace, colortab, colorwav, colorweb, colourchange, combelow, combine, comma, commado, commedit, comment, competences, concepts, concprog, constants, continue, contour, contracard, conv-xkv, cooking, cooking-units, cool, coollist, coolstr, coolthms, cooltooltips, coordsys, copyedit, copyrightbox, coseoul, counttexruns, courseoutline, coursepaper, coverpage, cprotect, crbox, crossreference, crossreftools, csquotes, css-colors, csvsimple, cuisine, currency, currfile, currvita, cutwin, cv, cv4tw, cweb-latex, cyber, cybercic, dashbox, dashrule, dashundergaps, dataref, datatool, dateiliste, datenumber, datetime, datetime2, datetime2-bahasai, datetime2-basque, datetime2-breton, datetime2-bulgarian, datetime2-catalan, datetime2-croatian, datetime2-czech, datetime2-danish, datetime2-dutch, datetime2-en-fulltext, datetime2-english, datetime2-esperanto, datetime2-estonian, datetime2-finnish, datetime2-french, datetime2-galician, datetime2-german, datetime2-greek, datetime2-hebrew, datetime2-icelandic, datetime2-irish, datetime2-italian, datetime2-it-fulltext, datetime2-latin, datetime2-lsorbian, datetime2-magyar, datetime2-norsk, datetime2-polish, datetime2-portuges, datetime2-romanian, datetime2-russian, datetime2-samin, datetime2-scottish, datetime2-serbian, datetime2-slovak, datetime2-slovene, datetime2-spanish, datetime2-swedish, datetime2-turkish, datetime2-ukrainian, datetime2-usorbian, datetime2-welsh, dblfloatfix, decimal, decorule, delimtxt, denisbdoc, diagbox, diagnose, dialogl, dichokey, dinbrief, directory, dirtytalk, dlfltxb, dnaseq, doclicense, docmfp, docmute, doctools, documentation, doi, dotarrow, dotseqn, download, dox, dpfloat, dprogress, drac, draftcopy, draftfigure, draftwatermark, dtk, dtxdescribe, dtxgallery, duckuments, ducksay, dvdcoll, dynamicnumber, dynblocks, ean13isbn, easy, easy-todo, easyfig, easyformat, easylist, easyreview, ebezier, ecclesiastic, ecv, ed, edmargin, eemeir, efbox, egplot, elegantbook, elegantnote, elegantpaper, elements, ellipsis, elmath, elocalloc, elpres, elzcards, emarks, embedall, embrac, emptypage, emulateapj, endfloat, endheads, endnotes, engpron, engrec, enotez, enumitem, enumitem-zref, envbig, environ, envlab, epigraph, epiolmec, eqell, eqlist, eqnalign, eqname, eqparbox, errata, erw-l3, esami, esdiff, esint, esint-type1, etaremune, etextools, etoc, eukdate, eulerpx, europasscv, europecv, everyhook, everypage, exam, exam-n, exam-randomizechoices, examdesign, exframe, example, examplep, exceltex, excludeonly, exercise, exercisebank, exercisepoints, exercises, exp-testopt, expdlist, export, exsheets, exsol, extract, facsimile, factura, fancyhandout, fancylabel, fancynum, fancypar, fancyslides, fancytabs, fancytooltips, fcolumn, fetchcls, ffslides, fgruler, fibeamer, fifo-stack, figsize, filecontents, filecontentsdef, filedate, fileinfo, filemod, fink, finstrut, fithesis, fixcmex, fixfoot, fixme, fixmetodonotes, fjodor, flabels, flacards, flagderiv, flashcards, flashmovie, flipbook, flippdf, floatflt, floatrow, flowfram, fmp, fmtcount, fn2end, fnbreak, fncychap, fncylab, fnpara, fnpct, fnumprint, foilhtml, fontaxes, fonttable, footmisc, footmisx, footnotebackref, footnotehyper, footnoterange, footnpag, forarray, foreign, forloop, formlett, forms16be, formular, fragments, frame, framed, frankenstein, frege, ftcap, ftnxtra, fullblck, fullminipage, fullwidth, fundus-calligra, fundus-cyr, fundus-sueterlin, fvextra, fwlw, g-brief, gatherenum, gauss, gcard, gcite, gender, genmpage, getfiledate, getitems, ginpenc, gitfile-info, gitinfo, gitinfo2, gitlog, gitver, globalvals, gloss, glossaries, glossaries-danish, glossaries-dutch, glossaries-english, glossaries-estonian, glossaries-extra, glossaries-finnish, glossaries-french, glossaries-german, glossaries-irish, glossaries-italian, glossaries-magyar, glossaries-polish, glossaries-portuges, glossaries-serbian, glossaries-spanish, gmdoc, gmdoc-enhance, gmiflink, gmutils, gmverb, grabbox, graphbox, graphicx-psmin, graphicxbox, grayhints, grfpaste, grid, grid-system, gridset, gridslides, guitlogo, halloweenmath, hackthefootline, handin, handout, hang, hanging, hardwrap, harnon-cv, harpoon, hc, he-she, hhtensor, histogr, hitec, hletter, hpsdiss, hrefhide, hvindex, hypdvips, hyper, hyperbar, hypernat, hyperxmp, hyphenat, identkey, idxcmds, idxlayout, iffont, ifmslide, ifmtarg, ifnextok, ifoddpage, ifplatform, ifthenx, iitem, image-gallery, imakeidx, import, incgraph, indextools, inline-images, inlinedef, inputtrc, interactiveworkbook, interfaces, intopdf, inversepath, invoice, invoice-class, invoice2, iso, iso10303, isodate, isodoc, isonums, isopt, isorot, isotope, issuulinks, iwhdp, jlabels, jslectureplanner, jumplines, jvlisting, kalendarium, kantlipsum, kerntest, keycommand, keyfloat, keyreader, keystroke, keyval2e, keyvaltable, kix, knowledge, koma-moderncvclassic, koma-script-sfs, komacv, komacv-rg, ktv-texdata, l3build, labbook, labels, labelschanged, lastpackage, lastpage, latex-tds, latex-uni8, latexcolors, latexdemo, latexgit, layouts, lazylist, lccaps, lcd, lcg, leading, leaflet, lectures, leftidx, leipzig, lengthconvert, lettre, lettrine, lewis, lhelp, libgreek, limap, linegoal, linop, lipsum, lisp-on-tex, listing, listlbls, listliketab, listofsymbols, lkproof, lmake, locality, localloc, logbox, logical-markup-utils, logpap, longfbox, longfigure, longnamefilelist, loops, lsc, lstaddons, lstfiracode, lt3graph, ltablex, ltabptch, ltxdockit, ltxguidex, ltxindex, ltxkeys, ltxnew, ltxtools, lua-check-hyphen, luatodonotes, macroswap, magaz, makecookbook, mailing, mailmerge, makebarcode, makebase, makebox, makecell, makecirc, makecmds, makedtx, makeglos, mandi, manfnt, manuscript, manyind, marginfit, marginfix, marginnote, markdown, mathalfa, mathastext, mathexam, mathfam256, mathfont, maybemath, mbenotes, mcaption, mceinleger, mcexam, mcite, mciteplus, mdframed, media9, medstarbeamer, meetingmins, memexsupp, memory, mensa-tex, menu, menukeys, metalogox, method, metre, mfirstuc, mftinc, mi-solns, midpage, minibox, minidocument, minifp, minipage-marginpar, minitoc, minorrevision, minted, minutes, mla-paper, mlist, mmap, mnotes, moderncv, modernposter, moderntimeline, modref, modroman, modular, monofill, moodle, moreenum, morefloats, morehype, moresize, moreverb, morewrites, movie15, mparhack, mpostinl, msc, msg, mslapa, mtgreek, multenum, multiaudience, multibbl, multicap, multicolrule, multidef, multienv, multiexpand, multilang, multirow, mversion, mwe, mycv, mylatexformat, nag, nameauth, namespc, ncclatex, ncctools, needspace, nestquot, newcommand, newenviron, newfile, newlfm, newspaper, newunicodechar, newvbtm, newverbs, nextpage, nfssext-cfr, nicefilelist, niceframe, nicetext, nidanfloat, nlctdoc, noconflict, noindentafter, noitcrul, nolbreaks, nomencl, nomentbl, nonfloat, nonumonpart, nopageno, normalcolor, notes, notespages, notestex, notoccite, nowidow, nox, ntheorem, numberedblock, numname, numprint, numspell, ocg-p, ocgx, ocgx2, ocr-latex, octavo, oldstyle, onlyamsmath, opcit, optidef, optional, options, outline, outliner, outlines, outlining, overlays, overpic, padcount, pagecolor, pagecont, pagenote, pagerange, pageslts, paper, papercdcase, papermas, papertex, paracol, parades, paralist, paresse, parnotes, parselines, pas-cours, pas-cv, pas-tableur, patch, patchcmd, pauldoc, pawpict, pax, pbox, pbsheet, pdf14, pdfcomment, pdfcprot, pdfmarginpar, pdfoverlay, pdfpagediff, pdfpc-movie, pdfprivacy, pdfreview, pdfscreen, pdfslide, pdfsync, pdfwin, pdfx, pecha, perltex, permute, petiteannonce, phffullpagefigure, phfnote, phfparen, phfqit, phfquotetext, phfsvnwatermark, phfthm, philex, phonenumbers, photo, piff, pkgloader, placeins, plantslabels, plates, plweb, polynom, polynomial, polytable, postcards, poster-mac, ppr-prv, preprint, pressrelease, prettyref, printlen, probsoln, program, progress, progressbar, proofread, properties, prosper, protex, protocol, psfragx, pstool, pstring, pxgreeks, pygmentex, python, qcm, qstest, qsymbols, quicktype, quotchap, quoting, quotmark, ran_toks, randtext, rccol, rcs-multi, rcsinfo, readarray, realboxes, recipe, recipebook, recipecard, rectopma, refcheck, refenums, reflectgraphics, refman, refstyle, regcount, regexpatch, register, regstats, relenc, relsize, repeatindex, repltext, returntogrid, rgltxdoc, rjlparshap, rlepsf, rmpage, robustcommand, robustindex, romanbar, romanbarpagenumber, romanneg, romannum, rotfloat, rotpages, roundbox, rterface, rtkinenc, rulercompass, rvwrite, sanitize-umlaut, sauerj, savefnmark, savesym, savetrees, scale, scalebar, scalerel, scanpages, scrlttr2copy, sdrt, secdot, sectionbox, sectionbreak, sectsty, seealso, selectp, semantic, semantic-markup, semioneside, semproc, sepfootnotes, seqsplit, sesstime, sf298, sffms, sfmath, shadethm, shadow, shadowtext, shapepar, shdoc, shipunov, shorttoc, show2e, showcharinbox, showdim, showexpl, showhyphens, showlabels, sidecap, sidenotes, silence, simplecd, simplecv, simpleinvoice, sitem, skb, skdoc, skeycommand, skeyval, skrapport, slantsc, smalltableof, smartunits, smartref, snapshot, snotez, soul, spark-otf, sparklines, sphack, splitindex, spot, spotcolor, spreadtab, spverbatim, srbook-mem, srcltx, sseq, sslides, stack, stackengine, standalone, stdclsdv, stealcaps, stdpage, stex, storebox, storecmd, stringstrings, sttools, stubs, studenthandouts, subdepth, subeqn, subeqnarray, subfigmat, subfigure, subfiles, subfloat, substitutefont, substr, supertabular, svg, svgcolor, svn, svn-multi, svn-prov, svninfo, syntax, syntrace, synttree, tabfigures, tableaux, tablefootnote, tableof, tablestyles, tablists, tabls, tablvar, tabstackengine, tabto-ltx, tabu, tabularborder, tabularcalc, tabularew, tabulary, tagging, tagpair, tagpdf, talk, tamefloats, tasks, tcldoc, tcolorbox, tdclock, technics, ted, templatetools, termcal, termlist, testhyphens, testidx, tex-label, tex-locale, texlogos, texmate, texments, texpower, texshade, texvc, textfit, textmerg, textpos, textualicomma, theoremref, thinsp, thmtools, threadcol, threeparttable, threeparttablex, thumb, thumbs, thumby, ticket, titlecaps, titlefoot, titlepic, titleref, titlesec, titling, tocbibind, tocdata, tocloft, tocvsec2, todo, todonotes, tokenizer, toolbox, topfloat, topiclongtable, totcount, totpages, translations, trfsigns, trimspaces, trivfloat, trsym, truncate, tucv, turnthepage, twoinone, twoup, txgreeks, type1cm, typed-checklist, typeface, typoaid, typogrid, uassign, ucs, uebungsblatt, umoline, underlin, underoverlap, undolabl, units, unravel, upmethodology, upquote, uri, ushort, uspace, uwmslide, variablelm, varindex, varsfromjobname, varwidth, vdmlisting, verbasef, verbatimbox, verbatimcopy, verbdef, verbments, version, versions, versonotes, vertbars, vgrid, vhistory, vmargin, volumes, vpe, vruler, vwcol, wallcalendar, wallpaper, warning, warpcol, was, widetable, widows-and-orphans, williams, withargs, wordcount, wordlike, worksheet, wrapfig, wtref, xargs, xassoccnt, xbmks, xcntperchap, xcolor-material, xcolor-solarized, xcomment, xcookybooky, xdoc, xellipsis, xfakebold, xfor, xhfill, xifthen, xint, xltabular, xmpincl, xnewcommand, xoptarg, xpatch, xpeek, xprintlen, xpunctuate, xsavebox, xsim, xstring, xtab, xurl, xwatermark, xytree, yafoot, yaletter, yagusylo, ycbook, ydoc, yplan, zebra-goodies, zed-csp, ziffer, zwgetfdate, zwpagelayout

texlive-full：此元包包含 TeX Live 的所有组件。

安装此元包会安装上面讨论的所有包以及更多内容。此元包依赖于所有 Tex Live 包，包括所有上述包。

依赖图

这是一个依赖图，显示了 TeX Live 的各种 Debian 包如何相互依赖。

                      texlive-latex-extra
                         |   |   :   :
       +-----------------+   |   :   :..................
       |                     |   :                     :
       v                     |   :                     v
texlive-pictures             |   :           texlive-plain-generic
       |                     |   :
       |    +----------------+   :...............
       |    |                                   :
       |    |              texlive              :
       |    |               | | |               :
       |    |    +----------+ | +----------+    :
       |    |    |            |            |    :
       v    v    v            |            v    v
texlive-latex-recommended     |  texlive-fonts-recommended
                 |            |            :
                 |            |            v
                 |            |           tipa
                 |            |            |
                 +----------+ | +----------+
                            | | |
                            v v v
                     texlive-latex-base

以下是上图的图例：

      A                       A
      |                       :
      v                       v
      B                       B

A depends on B          A recommends B

该texlive-full包依赖于上面显示的所有包（当然，除了texlive因为它是一个元包）。

安装选择

考虑到我上面提到的所有内容，我认为在 Debian 或 Ubuntu 上安装 TeX Live 有以下不错的选择。

apt-get install texlive-base：这是一个很小的安装。它仅下载 59 MB 的档案，仅占用 216 MB 的磁盘空间。它仅适合进行非常基本和直接的排版。刚开始学习 LaTeX 的人可能能够使用这个最小安装进行学习活动。但对于创建演示文稿（beamer缺失）、包含语法突出显示的代码块（listings和xcolor缺失）、在段落之间添加垂直空间（parskip缺失）或自定义标题（caption缺失）的人来说，它可能不够用。
apt-get install texlive：这是一个小型安装。它仅下载 98 MB 的档案并占用 314 MB 的磁盘空间。它包括大多数有用的东西，如、、、、、beamer等。我认为这个安装可以走很长一段路。但是，如果您想用listingsTikZ绘制图表（缺失），或者如果您想自定义部分标题（缺失），或者如果您想将框放置在绝对位置（缺失），它可能不够用。xcolorparskipcaptionpgftitlesectextpos
apt-get install texlive-latex-extra：这是一个中等安装。它下载了 144 MB 的档案并占用了 452 MB 的磁盘空间。它包含很多软件包。几乎所有常用的东西都存在。例如，、pgf和titlesec都textpos存在。这是我通常安装的。即使有大量的软件包，它也缺少一些我偶尔依赖的有用的东西。例如，我无法在其中包含漂亮的图标（fontawesome缺少）。对于这些东西，我会使用单独安装它们tlmgr。
apt-get install texlive-full：这是一个巨大的安装。它会下载 2.7 GB 的档案，并在安装时占用 5.2 GB 的磁盘空间。安装完成后，我们就可以进行各种排版工作了。我们几乎再也不用担心丢失软件包了。

Question 2

要获取有关 Debian/Ubuntu/Linx Mint 系统上的软件包的更多信息，我会使用apt-cache show package它来提供软件包的描述以及它将安装的内容。可以使用以下命令找到所有 texlive 软件包的简短摘要 apt-cache search texlive

至于要安装哪个包，这在很大程度上取决于您计划使用它们做什么。就我而言，我安装了，texlive-full因为我正在撰写多个领域的文章、制作演示文稿等，并且不想花时间单独安装包。您可以随时从开始texlive-latex-base，然后只安装所需的集合。（要查找正在使用的包的集合apt-cache search package）目前还没有在 Ubuntu 中安装单个包的好方法，因为tlmgr它将在用户模式下运行（仅为一个用户安装包）。有办法解决这个问题，但这需要从源代码或 ppa 安装 texlive。请参阅这个问题。

Answer

要获取有关 Debian/Ubuntu/Linx Mint 系统上的软件包的更多信息，我会使用apt-cache show package它来提供软件包的描述以及它将安装的内容。可以使用以下命令找到所有 texlive 软件包的简短摘要 apt-cache search texlive

至于要安装哪个包，这在很大程度上取决于您计划使用它们做什么。就我而言，我安装了，texlive-full因为我正在撰写多个领域的文章、制作演示文稿等，并且不想花时间单独安装包。您可以随时从开始texlive-latex-base，然后只安装所需的集合。（要查找正在使用的包的集合apt-cache search package）目前还没有在 Ubuntu 中安装单个包的好方法，因为tlmgr它将在用户模式下运行（仅为一个用户安装包）。有办法解决这个问题，但这需要从源代码或 ppa 安装 texlive。请参阅这个问题。

Linux 中 texlive 软件包之间的差异

答案1

封装尺寸

套餐详情

依赖图

安装选择

答案2

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