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如何修复嵌套 tikz 流程图的路径间距？

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如何修复嵌套 tikz 流程图的路径间距？

我正在尝试在 tikz 中创建嵌套图表。我已经完成了一个非嵌套图表，但我正在尝试将蓝色框嵌套在第一个黄色框内。我正在尝试遵循给出的建议这里，所以我在 tikz 图片内创建了一个 tikz 图片。MWE 如下。 在此处输入图片描述 但是，这会使我的所有节点间距偏离（出于某种原因，嵌套图片内的路径不再对齐），并且还会使决策框具有圆角……这虽然很小，但可能相关？此外，我在侧面有数学公式，这些公式取决于蓝色框中的节点。我认为它们看起来仍会与嵌套的 tikz 图片一起编译，但前两个数学公式现在重叠了。

所以，我有几个问题。这是嵌套流程图的最佳方式吗？我可以使用“外部节点”来引用嵌套 tikz 图片中定义的节点吗？如何修复节点路径上的间距？

编辑：有人指出，嵌套 tikz 图片不是一种好的做法。下面的多个解决方案修改了 tikz 元素，使得图形看起来是嵌套的，而实际上并没有嵌套tikzpicture环境。

两个图表的 MWE：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows, positioning}
\begin{document}

% Define block styles
\tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, draw, fill=yellow!40, 
    text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=1.75cm, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{decisiong} = [diamond, draw, fill=blue!40, 
    text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=1.75cm, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, node distance=1.75cm, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=0.5cm, draw, fill=yellow!20, 
    text width=20em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{blockg} = [rectangle, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=0.5cm, draw, fill=blue!20, 
    text width=15em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
\tikzstyle{cloud} = [draw, ellipse,fill=yellow!20, node distance=1.5cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{invis} = [draw, fill=yellow!10, node distance=4.25cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{invisg} = [draw, fill=yellow!10, node distance=3.5cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{matheq} = [node distance=8.75cm, text width=21em, minimum width=1cm, 
    minimum height=2em, text centered]


\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.25cm, auto]
    % Place nodes
    \node [cloud] (init) {update time};
    \node [matheq, right of=init] {$math$};

    \node [block, below of=init] (second) {iterate through all elements};
    \node [blockg, below of=second] (third) {local update};
    \node [matheq, right of=third] {$math$};
    \node [blockg, below of=third] (fourth) {calculate,\\ update };
    \node [matheq, right of=fourth] {$math$};
    \node [blockg, below of=fourth] (fifth) {calculate stuff};   
    \node [matheq, right of=fifth] {$math$};
    \node [decisiong, below of=fifth] (conver1) {{\scriptsize converged?}};
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (init) -- (second);
    \path [line] (second) -- (third);
    \path [line] (third) -- (fourth);
    \path [line] (fourth) -- (fifth);
    \path [line] (fifth) -- (conver1); 
    \coordinate[left of=third] (c1);  %This is so the path doesn't intersect the diagram
    \coordinate[left of=conver1] (d1);
    \path [line] (conver1) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-2.5cm]d1) -- ([xshift=-2.5cm]c1)-- (third);

    \node [block, below of=conver1] (solve) {solve global equations};
    \node [matheq, right of=solve] {$math$
    \\ $math$ \\ $math$}; 
    \node [decision, below of=solve] (conver) {{\scriptsize converged?}};
    \coordinate[right of=init] (a1);  %This is so the path doesn't intersect the diagram
    \coordinate[left of=conver] (b1);  
    \coordinate[right of=conver] (e1);
    \coordinate[left of=second] (f1);
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (conver1) --node {yes} (solve);
    \path [line] (solve) -- (conver);
    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-3.25cm]b1) -- ([xshift=-3.25cm]f1)-- (second);


    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {yes} ([xshift=3.25cm]e1) -- ([xshift=3.25cm]a1)-- (init);
\end{tikzpicture}


\clearpage
This should be the same chart, but the blue boxes should be nested inside the first yellow box.

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.25cm, auto]
    % Place nodes
    \node [cloud] (init) {update time};
    \node [matheq, right of=init] {$math$};

    \node [block, below of=init] (second) {iterate through all elements
        \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.25cm, auto]
        \node [blockg] (third) {local update};
        \node [blockg, below of=third] (fourth) {calculate,\\ update};
        \node [blockg, below of=fourth] (fifth) {calculate stuff};   
        \node [decisiong, below of=fifth] (conver1) {{\scriptsize converged?}};
        \path [line] (third) -- (fourth);
        \path [line] (fourth) -- (fifth);
        \path [line] (fifth) -- (conver1);
        \end{tikzpicture}
        };
    %Math equations
    \node [matheq, right of=third] {$math$};
    \node [matheq, right of=fourth] {$math$};
    \node [matheq, right of=fifth] {$math$};
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (init) -- (second);
    %\path [line] (second) -- (third);

    \coordinate[left of=third] (c1);
    \coordinate[left of=conver1] (d1);
    \path [line] (conver1) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-2.5cm]d1) -- ([xshift=-2.5cm]c1)-- (third);

    \node [block, below of=conver1] (solve) {solve global equations};
    \node [matheq, right of=solve] {$math$
    \\ $math$ \\ $math$}; 
    \node [decision, below of=solve] (conver) {{\scriptsize converged?}};
    \coordinate[right of=init] (a1);
    \coordinate[left of=conver] (b1);  
    \coordinate[right of=conver] (e1);
    \coordinate[left of=second] (f1);
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (conver1) --node {yes} (solve);
    \path [line] (solve) -- (conver);
    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-3.25cm]b1) -- ([xshift=-3.25cm]f1)-- (second);


    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {yes} ([xshift=3.25cm]e1) -- ([xshift=3.25cm]a1)-- (init);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

下面您将看到一个使用背景拟合节点而不是嵌套的示例tikzpicture。这是您想要的吗？

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows, positioning, fit, backgrounds}
\begin{document}

% Define block styles
\tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, draw, fill=yellow!40, 
    text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=1.75cm, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{decisiong} = [diamond, draw, fill=blue!40, 
    text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=1.75cm, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, node distance=1.75cm, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=0.5cm, draw, fill=yellow!20, 
    text width=20em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{blockg} = [rectangle, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=0.5cm, draw, fill=blue!20, 
    text width=15em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
\tikzstyle{cloud} = [draw, ellipse,fill=yellow!20, node distance=1.5cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{invis} = [draw, fill=yellow!10, node distance=4.25cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{invisg} = [draw, fill=yellow!10, node distance=3.5cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{matheq} = [node distance=8.75cm, text width=21em, minimum width=1cm, 
    minimum height=2em, text centered]


\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.25cm, auto]
    % Place nodes
    \node [cloud] (init) {update time};
    \node [matheq, right of=init] {$math$};

    \node [block, below of=init] (second) {iterate through all elements};
    \node [blockg, below of=second] (third) {local update};
    \node [matheq, right of=third] {$math$};
    \node [blockg, below of=third] (fourth) {calculate,\\ update };
    \node [matheq, right of=fourth] {$math$};
    \node [blockg, below of=fourth] (fifth) {calculate stuff};   
    \node [matheq, right of=fifth] {$math$};
    \node [decisiong, below of=fifth] (conver1) {{\scriptsize converged?}};

    \begin{scope}[on background layer]
    \node[draw, fill=yellow, fit=(second) (conver1), inner xsep=5mm]{};
    \end{scope}
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (init) -- (second);
    \path [line] (second) -- (third);
    \path [line] (third) -- (fourth);
    \path [line] (fourth) -- (fifth);
    \path [line] (fifth) -- (conver1); 
    \coordinate[left of=third] (c1);  %This is so the path doesn't intersect the diagram
    \coordinate[left of=conver1] (d1);
    \path [line] (conver1) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-2.5cm]d1) -- ([xshift=-2.5cm]c1)-- (third);

    \node [block, below of=conver1] (solve) {solve global equations};
    \node [matheq, right of=solve] {$math$
    \\ $math$ \\ $math$}; 
    \node [decision, below of=solve] (conver) {{\scriptsize converged?}};
    \coordinate[right of=init] (a1);  %This is so the path doesn't intersect the diagram
    \coordinate[left of=conver] (b1);  
    \coordinate[right of=conver] (e1);
    \coordinate[left of=second] (f1);
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (conver1) --node {yes} (solve);
    \path [line] (solve) -- (conver);
    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-3.25cm]b1) -- ([xshift=-3.25cm]f1)-- (second);


    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {yes} ([xshift=3.25cm]e1) -- ([xshift=3.25cm]a1)-- (init);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案2

当我找到自己的解决方法时，我也想在这里发布它。它创建一个假节点并将其移动，但它保留了图表的外观：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows, positioning,fit,backgrounds}
\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, draw, fill=yellow!40, 
    text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=1.75cm, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{decisiong} = [diamond, draw, fill=blue!40, 
    text width=4.5em, text badly centered, node distance=1.75cm, inner sep=0pt]
\tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, node distance=1.75cm, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=0.5cm, draw, fill=yellow!20, 
    text width=20em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{blockjusttext} = [rectangle, node distance=1.75cm, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=0.5cm,
    text width=20em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{blockfill} = [rectangle, node distance=1.75cm, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=14cm, draw, fill=yellow!20, 
    text width=20em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=16.8em]
\tikzstyle{blockg} = [rectangle, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=0.5cm, draw, fill=blue!20, 
    text width=15em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=1.5em]
\tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
\tikzstyle{cloud} = [draw, ellipse,fill=yellow!20, node distance=1.5cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{invis} = [draw, fill=yellow!10, node distance=4.25cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{invisg} = [draw, fill=yellow!10, node distance=3.5cm, 
    minimum height=2em]
\tikzstyle{matheq} = [node distance=8.75cm, text width=21em, minimum width=1cm, 
    minimum height=2em, text centered]

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 1.25cm, auto]
    % Place nodes
    \node [cloud] (init) {update time};
    \node [matheq, right of=init] {$math$};


    \node [blockfill, below=0.5cm of init] (second2) {};
    \node [blockjusttext, below=0.5cm of init] (second) {iterate through all elements};
    \node [blockg, below =-0.1cm of second] (third) {local update };
    \node [matheq, right of=third] {$math$};
    \node [blockg, below of=third] (fourth) {calculate,\\ update};
    \node [matheq, right of=fourth] {$math$};
    \node [blockg, below of=fourth] (fifth) {calculate stuff};   
    \node [matheq, right of=fifth] {$math$};
    \node [decisiong, below of=fifth] (conver1) {{\scriptsize converged?}};
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (init) -- (second);
    \path [line] (third) -- (fourth);
    \path [line] (fourth) -- (fifth); 
    \path [line] (fifth) -- (conver1); 
    \coordinate[left of=third] (c1);
    \coordinate[left of=conver1] (d1);
    \path [line] (conver1) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-2.1cm]d1) -- ([xshift=-2.1cm]c1)-- (third);


    \node [block, below of=conver1] (solve) {solve global equations};
    \node [matheq, right of=solve] {$math$
    \\ $math$ \\ $math$}; 
    \node [decision, below of=solve] (conver) {{\scriptsize converged?}};
    \coordinate[right of=init] (a1);
    \coordinate[left of=conver] (b1);  
    \coordinate[right of=conver] (e1);
    \coordinate[left of=second] (f1);
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (conver1) --node {yes} (solve);
    \path [line] (solve) -- (conver);
    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {no} ([xshift=-3.25cm]b1) -- ([xshift=-3.25cm]f1)-- (second);


    \path [line] (conver) -| node [near start] {yes} ([xshift=3.25cm]e1) -- ([xshift=3.25cm]a1)-- (init);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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