我一直在使用 R 中的 tikzdevice 包来生成我的图表的乳胶代码，我注意到它总是在标题和图形本身之间留下很大的空白，下面是我生成的一个示例：
首先，这是我将其包含在我的文件中的方式：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[active,tightpage,psfixbb]{preview}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\include{example}
\caption{apples}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
这里是 \include{example} （来自 tikzdevice 的输出）引用的文件：
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1pt,y=1pt,scale=0.5]
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{255,255,255}
\path[use as bounding box,fill=fillColor,fill opacity=0.00] (0,0) rectangle (505.89,505.89);
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 49.20, 61.20) rectangle (480.69,456.69);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 65.18, 75.85) --
(109.57, 86.94) --
(153.97,105.44) --
(198.36,131.33) --
(242.75,164.62) --
(287.14,205.31) --
(331.53,253.40) --
(375.92,308.88) --
(420.32,371.76) --
(464.71,442.04);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 0.00, 0.00) rectangle (505.89,505.89);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (109.57, 61.20) -- (464.71, 61.20);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (109.57, 61.20) -- (109.57, 55.20);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (198.36, 61.20) -- (198.36, 55.20);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (287.14, 61.20) -- (287.14, 55.20);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (375.92, 61.20) -- (375.92, 55.20);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (464.71, 61.20) -- (464.71, 55.20);
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (109.57, 39.60) {2};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (198.36, 39.60) {4};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (287.14, 39.60) {6};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (375.92, 39.60) {8};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (464.71, 39.60) {10};
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20, 72.15) -- ( 49.20,442.04);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20, 72.15) -- ( 43.20, 72.15);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,146.13) -- ( 43.20,146.13);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,220.11) -- ( 43.20,220.11);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,294.08) -- ( 43.20,294.08);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,368.06) -- ( 43.20,368.06);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,442.04) -- ( 43.20,442.04);
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at ( 34.80, 72.15) {0};
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at ( 34.80,146.13) {20};
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at ( 34.80,220.11) {40};
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at ( 34.80,294.08) {60};
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at ( 34.80,368.06) {80};
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at ( 34.80,442.04) {100};
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20, 61.20) --
(480.69, 61.20) --
(480.69,456.69) --
( 49.20,456.69) --
( 49.20, 61.20);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 0.00, 0.00) rectangle (505.89,505.89);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (264.94, 15.60) {x};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
有人知道如何去除这些多余的空间吗？我试过使用 caption 包，但它似乎不适用于 tikzdevice 生成的文件
答案1
空白的主要来源是使用\include而不是\input。比较：
如果你认为间距仍然太大，你可以编辑example.tex（tikzdevice 输出）。它以以下内容开头：
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1pt,y=1pt,scale=0.5]
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{255,255,255}
\path[use as bounding box,fill=fillColor,fill opacity=0.00] (0,0) rectangle (505.89,505.89);
这个初始矩形定义了整个图形的边界框，即为其保留的大小。如果您“作弊”并使用较小的边界框，则标题将更接近。例如，要将标题升高 6ex，您必须定义一个底部短 6ex 的边界框，这很容易：
\path[use as bounding box,fill=fillColor,fill opacity=0.00] (0,6ex) rectangle (505.89,505.89);
本例的结果：
