我希望在第一次引用某个图形时生成一个边注，例如显示“图 1”。我希望在第一次引用表格或公式时也能发生这种情况。我希望这在多列环境中也能正常工作。
“showlabels” 包与我的需求很接近；但是，它显示的是真正的标签名称，而不是分配给它的编号，也不是“Fig.”或“Eq.”之类的文本。此外，“outer”选项似乎不起作用。
以下（不是那么简单）的 MWE 显示了我所在的位置：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[nolabel,outer]{showlabels}
\usepackage{color}
\renewcommand{\showlabelfont}{\small\slshape\color{red}}
\showlabels{ref}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{multicol}
\author{John Doe}
\title{Automatic marginal notes for the first use of a label}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{multicols}{2}
See Figure~\ref{fig:figure}. \lipsum[1]
A new reference to Figure~\ref{fig:figure} is not
referenced in the marginal note.
Let's do the same with an equation.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:1}f(x) = x^2
\end{equation}
Refering to Equation~\ref{eq:1} for the first time, there should be a marginal note, as is visible here, but it shoudl begin with ``Eq.'', not ``Fig.''.
Refering to Table~\ref{tab:1} for the first time. Here, there is no visible marginal note at all...
\end{multicols}
% lets put a table and a figure
\begin{table}
\caption{Table title}
\label{tab:1}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
x & y \\ \hline
3 & 3 \\
4 & 4 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{figure}
\centering\rule{150pt}{10pt}
\caption{A figure}\label{fig:figure}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
结果如下
我们看到，第一次引用图 1 的页边距错误；第二次引用也放在了边注中，这不是我想要的（只有第一次引用才应该放在边注中）。第一次引用公式时显示的是“{fig:figure}”，而不是“图 1”。表格的页边距显示的是“{tab:1}”，而不是“Tab。”
任何帮助均感激不尽。
答案1
我对你问题中的一些细节有点困惑，因此以下是我对你问题的目标的理解：
（1）将格式化的参考文献（即参考文献类型和编号）作为注释显示在引用行相应的相应页边距中。
（2）仅对第一次进行了引用（即，\ref{fig:figure}您的 MWE 中的第二个应该不是在页边空白处做个注释）。
（3）若参考文献在第一栏，则该注释应出现在左边距中；若参考文献在第二栏，则该注释应出现在右边距中。
首先，我建议使用提供上下文感知引用的cleveref包和命令（即，如果传递的标签与图形计数器相对应，它将自动将“图形”添加到参考文献中。\cref
就这样，我适应了Yiannis Lazarides 回答到这个问题它利用zref包保存标签的 x 位置，从而允许使用该包区分两列multicol。我还添加了geometry包来测试边注的对齐。
为了确保边注只用于 的第一个引用labelkey，\cref重新定义了 以检查命令是否\marginnote@labelkey已定义。如果已定义，则标签已制作成边注。如果没有，则制作边注并定义命令。这还确保 是labelkey唯一的，以便找到与 相关联的位置（使用zref标签）。marginnote:labelkey
结果如下：
\usepackage[left=1.5in,right=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{cleveref}
\crefname{equation}{Equation}{Equations}
\crefname{figure}{Figure}{Figures}
\crefname{table}{Table}{Tables}
\usepackage{zref-savepos}
%Adapted from Yiannis Lazarides' answer at https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/50295/89497
\def\putmarginpar#1#2{%
\zsavepos{margnote:#1}%
\ifnum20432158>\number\zposx{margnote:#1}%
\hbox to 0pt{\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{margnote:#1}sp \relax\makebox[\dimexpr 1in+\hoffset+\oddsidemargin-\marginparsep]{\hfill #2}}%\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{#1}sp +0.5cm \relax#2}%
\else
\hbox to 0pt{\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{margnote:#1}sp+1in+\hoffset+\oddsidemargin+\textwidth+\marginparsep\relax\makebox[\dimexpr\paperwidth-\textwidth-1in-\hoffset-\oddsidemargin-\marginparsep]{#2\hfill}}%\hskip4cm #2}%
\fi%
}
\makeatletter
%Redefine \cref so that it will make a margin note if the passed label is referenced for the first time.
\let\oldcref=\cref
\def\cref#1{%
\oldcref{#1}%
%check if the label has already been referenced.
\ifcsname marginnote@#1\endcsname
%already exists...therefore not the first citation
\else
\expandafter\gdef\csname marginnote@#1\endcsname{}%first citation
\putmarginpar{#1}{\mbox{\color{red}\oldcref{#1}}}%add note to margin
\fi
}
\makeatother
如果将其添加到您的 MWE 的 pramble 中（并将调用更改\ref为\cref并删除showlabels）：
\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage[nolabel,right]{showlabels}
\usepackage{color}
%\renewcommand{\showlabelfont}{\small\slshape\color{red}}
%\showlabels{ref}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage[left=1.5in,right=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{cleveref}
\crefname{equation}{Equation}{Equations}
\crefname{figure}{Figure}{Figures}
\crefname{table}{Table}{Tables}
\usepackage{zref-savepos}
%Adapted from Yiannis Lazarides' answer at https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/50295/89497
\def\putmarginpar#1#2{%
\zsavepos{margnote:#1}%
\ifnum20432158>\number\zposx{margnote:#1}%
\hbox to 0pt{\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{margnote:#1}sp \relax\makebox[\dimexpr 1in+\hoffset+\oddsidemargin-\marginparsep]{\hfill #2}}%\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{#1}sp +0.5cm \relax#2}%
\else
\hbox to 0pt{\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{margnote:#1}sp+1in+\hoffset+\oddsidemargin+\textwidth+\marginparsep\relax\makebox[\dimexpr\paperwidth-\textwidth-1in-\hoffset-\oddsidemargin-\marginparsep]{#2\hfill}}%\hskip4cm #2}%
\fi%
}
\makeatletter
%Redefine \cref so that it will make a margin note if the passed label is referenced for the first time.
\let\oldcref=\cref
\def\cref#1{%
\oldcref{#1}%
%check if the label has already been referenced.
\ifcsname marginnote@#1\endcsname
%already exists...therefore not the first citation
\else
\expandafter\gdef\csname marginnote@#1\endcsname{}%first citation
\putmarginpar{#1}{\mbox{\color{red}\oldcref{#1}}}%add note to margin
\fi
}
\makeatother
\author{John Doe}
\title{Automatic marginal notes for the first use of a label}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{multicols}{2}
See \cref{fig:figure}. \lipsum[1]
A new reference to \cref{fig:figure} is not
referenced in the marginal note.
Let's do the same with an equation.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:1}f(x) = x^2
\end{equation}
Refering to \cref{eq:1} for the first time, there should be a marginal note, as is visible here, but it shoudl begin with ``Eq.'', not ``Fig.''.
Refering to \cref{tab:1} for the first time. Here, there is no visible marginal note at all...
\end{multicols}
% lets put a table and a figure
\begin{table}
\caption{Table title}
\label{tab:1}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
x & y \\ \hline
3 & 3 \\
4 & 4 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{figure}
\centering\rule{150pt}{10pt}
\caption{A figure}\label{fig:figure}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
产量：
编辑：如果您只想\ref在文档中使用（就像在 MWE 中一样），\ref可以重新定义，\cref在注释中使用以提供上下文感知格式。这允许文本内上下文与边注中使用的上下文不同（即您请求的缩写版本）。在您的 MWE 中实现：
\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage[nolabel,right]{showlabels}
\usepackage{color}
%\renewcommand{\showlabelfont}{\small\slshape\color{red}}
%\showlabels{ref}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage[left=1.5in,right=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{cleveref}
\crefname{equation}{Eq.}{Eqs.}
\crefname{figure}{Fig.}{Figs.}
\crefname{table}{Tab.}{Tabs.}
\usepackage{zref-savepos}
%Adapted from Yiannis Lazarides' answer at https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/50295/89497
\def\putmarginpar#1#2{%
\zsavepos{margnote:#1}%
\ifnum20432158>\number\zposx{margnote:#1}%
\hbox to 0pt{\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{margnote:#1}sp \relax\makebox[\dimexpr 1in+\hoffset+\oddsidemargin-\marginparsep]{\hfill #2}}%\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{#1}sp +0.5cm \relax#2}%
\else
\hbox to 0pt{\hskip\dimexpr-\zposx{margnote:#1}sp+1in+\hoffset+\oddsidemargin+\textwidth+\marginparsep\relax\makebox[\dimexpr\paperwidth-\textwidth-1in-\hoffset-\oddsidemargin-\marginparsep]{#2\hfill}}%\hskip4cm #2}%
\fi%
}
\makeatletter
%Redefine \cref so that it will make a margin note if the passed label is referenced for the first time.
\let\oldref=\ref
\def\ref#1{%
\oldref{#1}%
%check if the label has already been referenced.
\ifcsname marginnote@#1\endcsname
%already exists...therefore not the first citation
\else
\expandafter\gdef\csname marginnote@#1\endcsname{}%first citation
\putmarginpar{#1}{\mbox{\color{red}\cref{#1}}}%add note to margin
\fi
}
\makeatother
\author{John Doe}
\title{Automatic marginal notes for the first use of a label}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{multicols}{2}
See Figure~\ref{fig:figure}. \lipsum[1]
A new reference to Figure~\ref{fig:figure} is not
referenced in the marginal note.
Let's do the same with an equation.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:1}f(x) = x^2
\end{equation}
Refering to Equation~\ref{eq:1} for the first time, there should be a marginal note, as is visible here, but it shoudl begin with ``Eq.'', not ``Fig.''.
Refering to Table~\ref{tab:1} for the first time. Here, there is no visible marginal note at all...
\end{multicols}
% lets put a table and a figure
\begin{table}
\caption{Table title}
\label{tab:1}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
x & y \\ \hline
3 & 3 \\
4 & 4 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{figure}
\centering\rule{150pt}{10pt}
\caption{A figure}\label{fig:figure}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
产量：
答案2
我的方法是重新定义\label并\ref做他们传统上做的事情加额外的事情。
\label补充写入额外行到辅助文件。写入的格式，假设eq:1为
\expandafter\gdef\csname Zeq:1Z\endcsname{\margnote{eq:1}}
它将在第二遍执行。这定义了一个宏，当调用它时，它将调用我的\margnote定义。但它什么时候被调用呢？
它由 renewed 调用，现在除了标准参数外，还\ref采用可选参数来定义边注l或 的对齐方式。此 new 将使用辅助文件中定义的机制调用。然后，它会执行正常操作。最后，它重新定义为不再为该标签调用边注。r\ref\margnote\csname Z<label>Z\endcsname\ref\csname Z<label>Z\endcsname
宏\margnote会判断您是否需要左或右边距注释，并调用 来\decoderef确定与标签类型关联的打印名称，然后是\ref值本身。因此，标签类型必须一致。这里，所有图形标签必须是fig:xx，所有表格必须是tab:xx，所有方程式必须是eq:xx。如果意外省略了冒号，则使用标签[Unknown]。如果使用了冒号但标签类型名称拼写错误（例如，Tab:1不是tab:1），则不会出现标识标签名称。
图形、表格和方程式的边距标签名称存储在\figlabel、tablabel和中\eqlabel。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor,lipsum,multicol,tabto}
\let\svlabel\label
\let\svref\ref
\def\myspace{ }
\makeatletter
\def\pwr{\protected@write\@auxout}
\newcommand\Xlabel[1]{\xdef\Addaux{%
{}{\string\expandafter\string\gdef\string\csname\myspace Z#1Z\string\endcsname%
{\string\margnote{#1}}}}\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\pwr\Addaux}
\renewcommand\label[1]{\svlabel{#1}\Xlabel{#1}}
\renewcommand\ref[2][r]{\csname Z#2Z\endcsname{#1}\svref{#2}%
\expandafter\gdef\csname Z#2Z\endcsname{\@gobble}}
\makeatother
\newcommand\margnote[2]{%
\if r#2\tabto*{\dimexpr\linewidth+10pt\relax}\else\tabto*{-10pt}\fi%
\csname #2lap\endcsname{\color{red}\decoderef#1::\relax}\tabto*{\TabPrevPos}}
\def\decoderef#1:#2:#3{%
\ifx:#3 \csname #1label\endcsname~\svref{#1:#2}\else[Unknown] \svref{#1}\fi}
\def\figlabel{Fig.}
\def\eqlabel{Eq.}
\def\tablabel{Tab.}
\author{John Doe}
\title{Automatic marginal notes for the first use of a label}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{multicols}{2}
See Figure~\ref[l]{fig:figure}. \lipsum[1]
A new reference to Figure~\ref{fig:figure} is not
referenced in the marginal note.
Let's do the same with an equation.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:1}f(x) = x^2
\end{equation}
Refering to Equation~\ref{eq:1} for the first time, there should be a marginal note, as is visible here, but it shoudl begin with ``Eq.'', not ``Fig.''.
Refering to Table~\ref{tab:1} for the first time. Here, there is no visible marginal note at all...Note table~\ref{tab2} has an improperly formed label,
even though table~\ref{tab:1} is just fine, but doesn't show the 2nd time.
\end{multicols}
% lets put a table and a figure
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Table title}
\label{tab:1}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
x & y \\ \hline
3 & 3 \\
4 & 4 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Table title}
\label{tab2}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
x & y \\ \hline
3 & 3 \\
4 & 4 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{figure}
\centering\rule{150pt}{10pt}
\caption{A figure}\label{fig:figure}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
