答案1
使用tikz
包,你可以从如下内容开始:
\documentclass[tikz,border=2pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, fit, calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [align=center](tr) {transitive:\\};
\node [align=center, right=of tr] (A) {A\\NOM};
\node [align=center, right=of A] (P) {P\\ACC};
\node [align=center, right=5em of P] (ER) {A\\ERG};
\node [align=center, right=of ER] (AB) {P\\ABS};
\node [align=center,below=of $(ER.south)!.5!(AB.south)$] (SA) {S\\ABS};
\node [above=of $(A)!.5!(P)$] {(1) Nominative-accusative:};
\node [rotate=60][draw,dashed,inner sep=0pt, circle,yscale=.5,fit={(AB)(SA)}] {};
\node [align=center,below=of tr](itr) {intransitive:\\};
\node [align=center,below=of $(A.south)!.5!(P.south)$] (S) {S\\NOM};
\node [above=of $(ER)!.5!(AB)$] {(2) Ergative-absolutive:};
\node [rotate=-60][draw,dashed,inner sep=0pt, circle,yscale=.5, fit={(A) (S)}] {};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
为了高效地放置节点,该positioning
库非常有用。而要绘制节点周围的虚线椭圆,则fit
需要该库。此外,要指向两个节点之间的中间位置(例如$(A)!.5!(P)$
),您需要该calc
库。您可以找到一份全面的手册,其中包含有关tikz
软件包的良好示例这里。